纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集_邹才能

石油勘探与开发

2012年2月PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.39 No.1 13 文章编号：1000-0747(2012)01-0013-14

纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集

邹才能，杨智，陶士振，李伟，吴松涛，侯连华，朱如凯，

袁选俊，王岚，高晓辉，贾进华，郭秋麟，白斌

（中国石油勘探开发研究院）

基金项目：国家大型油气田与煤层气开发项目（2011ZX05001）

摘要：在对比非常规油气与常规油气类型、地质特征及勘探技术的基础上，提出“纳米油气”的概念，指出“纳米油气”

是未来石油工业的发展方向。纳米油气是指用纳米技术研究和开采聚集在纳米级孔喉储集系统中的油气，纳米油气主要分布在烃源岩层及与其大面积紧密接触的近源致密储集层系中，涵盖了页岩油、页岩气、煤层气、致密砂岩油、致密砂岩气、致密灰岩油等，储集层孔喉直径一般为纳米级；油气水在纳米孔喉中渗流能力差，相态分异难，主要依靠超压驱动，油气被滞留吸附，在源储共生致密层系中大面积连续分布。中国含油气盆地发育源储共生型致密层系、碳酸盐岩缝洞层系、火山岩缝洞层系、变质岩裂缝层系等多种类型油气聚集层系，其中源储共生层系油气聚集位于盆地中心或斜坡部位，源内或近源层状大面积聚集，是资源分布的主体和未来发展重点领域。以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地源储共生型油气聚集为典型实例，提出连续型油气“两线一区”（即源储共生层系油气聚集顶底界线、油气连续聚集边界线、“甜点”

分布核心区）评价方法。图10表9参32

关键词：纳米油气；纳米技术；源储共生致密油气；非常规油气；致密油；致密气；页岩气；页岩油；连续型油气聚集

中图分类号：TE122 文献标识码：A

Nano-hydrocarbon and the accumulation in coexisting

source and reservoir

Zou Caineng, Yang Zhi, Tao Shizhen, Li Wei, Wu Songtao, Hou Lianhua, Zhu Rukai, Yuan Xuanjun,

Wang Lan, Gao Xiaohui, Jia Jinhua, Guo Qiulin, Bai Bin

(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract:By comparison of the types, geological characteristics and exploration technologies of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon, this paper proposes the concept of “nano-hydrocarbon” and indicates that “nano-hydrocarbon” is the development direction of oil and gas industry in the future. Nano-hydrocarbon refers to the research and production, by nano-technology, of oil and gas accumulated in the reservoir system of nano-sized pore-throats. It is mainly distributed in source rocks and the neighbouring tight reservoirs and includes shale oil, shale gas, coal-bed methane, tight sandstone oil & gas, tight limestone oil and so on, with nano-sized diameter of pore-throats in reservoirs. Oil, gas and water in nano-sized pore-throats exhibit poor percolation and phase separation, and are mainly driven by ultra-pressure, thus existing pervasively and continuously in the coexisting tight strata of source and reservoir. China’s petroliferous basins develop multiple series such as coexisting tight source and reservoir, carbonate fractures and cavities, volcanic fractures and cavities, and metamorphic rock fractures. Of them, the first type of series is located in the center or along the slopes of the basins, are accumulated extensively within or near sources and are dominant potential sources. With accumulations within coexisting source and reservoir in the Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin as examples, the method of “two lines and one area” to prospect continuous-type hydrocarbon accumulation is proposed, i.e. the top and bottom boundaries of a set of coexisting source and reservoir and the boundaries of hydrocarbon accumulation as lines, and “sweet spot” distributing core area as main exploration target.

Key words:nano-hydrocarbon; nano-technology; tight hydrocarbon within coexisting source and reservoir; unconventional hydrocarbon;

tight oil; tight gas; shale gas; shale oil; continuous hydrocarbon accumulation

0 引言

石油地质学和全球油气勘探目标具有从毫米—微米孔喉的圈闭油气领域逐渐向纳米孔喉的源储共生连续型油气聚集新领域发展的趋势。从最初19世纪50 年代的利用油气苗找油，到19世纪80年代的背斜理论[1-2]、20世纪20年代的圈闭理论[1-2]，再到20世纪40—50年代的干酪根晚期热降解生烃及陆相生油理论[3-5]，20世纪60—80年代的陆相盆地“定凹选带”源控论[6]、复式油气聚集带理论[7-9]及煤成气理论[10-11]，20世纪90年代“从源岩到圈闭”的含油气系统理论[12]和21世纪初的中—低丰度岩性地层油气藏理论[13-14]，