2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破二：阅读理解专题之文章出处及文体类型题附答案

专题2 阅读理解专题之----文章出处及文体类型题

【设问形式】

判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式：

1）The passage is most likely to be taken from______.

2）Where would this passage most probably appear?

3）The passage is most likely a part of______.

4）Where does this text probably come from?

5）What type of writing is this text?

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的特点和常识，对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处、文章类别的的阅读题目。

解答文章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：如①新闻报道(newspaper)的首段通常为导语，包括人物、时间、地点或事件等；②科普类杂志(science magazine)或科普类说明文常会出现scientists have found; the research/study shows that...等表明实验结果的句子；杂志的文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；③广告(advertisement)的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认，广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。④产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会有服用时间、次数、用量等。⑤研究报告(report),语言严肃认真，文章往往保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等。⑥课本教材(textbook),会使用教化性的语言，说理讲解味较为浓厚，对阅读对象的指向性很明确。⑦传记(biography):历史性强，时间线索比较明显，往往包含重要事件。⑧科幻小说(science fiction):内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象和预测。⑨旅行指南(travel guide/guide book): 给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如：餐馆、公园、旅游景点等⑩网站(website)内容广泛，文章常出现click等网络用语。

实战演练

【例题】1. 2013 全国1 B篇

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns；she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

63.Where does this text probably come from?

A.Science fiction.

B.Children’s literature.

C.An advertisement.

D.A science report.

解析：文章主要讲通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。根据题材内容判读符合研究报告的特点，所以选D

【举一反三】

A

There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.

In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.

In another competition, a computer took on humans in live, public debates. The event demonstrated how

AI-powered computers are increasingly being developed to think and sound like humans. The organizer of the debates, U. S. technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watching said they felt the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for communicating their ideas.