高考英语全国卷I阅读“七选五”题型分析、解题思路及真题例析

第四章语篇填句
语句、衔接、同复现
第一节题型说明与思维图表
一、题型说明
全国卷I样题说明没给相关题型命名，叫第一节，第二节。

行内通称阅读第二节叫“七选五”，我们把它定位为“语篇填句”，因为虽然它答题形式上是填涂一个字母，实质上要考虑很多语句、衔接和词汇同复现相关的问题。

所以我们编印的“语篇填句”题要把填空位置拉得很长，便于做题时写入一些关键词以结合上下文有具体的思考依据。

二、真题举例：2016语篇填句(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

1.Secret codes(密码)keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.
2.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.【36D.to break them(并列)
never lags(落后)far behind code making】.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
(解释)For example,
“Meet me.”】
For example,
a number for
the message of a real
code,you must【39F.With a code book(递进)For example,“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me.”The message“bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”40A.without the code book(总结)】
6.However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.
A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet
三、思维图表：
文体、大意：事理说明文，密码保护信息安全
说一件事：1.很多公共机构用密码保护信息安全
举几个例：2.创设密码和解读密码的科学叫cryp`tography（密码术）。

3.cryptography有三种类型。

一是字母。

4.二是用符号代替特殊字母。

5.三是使用密码本。

明一个理：6.密码必须频繁更改。

语句结构逻辑关系同复现词语
36开头句并列关系 D.tried to break them. 2.2code breaking never legs 37开头句解释关系 E.by having the first letters 3.2the first letters of
38段首句列举关系G.Another way,specific letters 4.1represent each letter
39开头句递进关系 5.2have a code book F.With a code book,you might 40结尾句总结关系 5.2have a code book A.hard…without the code
book
第二节解题思路
一、分析层次结构分析层次结构有助于理解上下文的衔接关系。

1.(2015全国卷I)
that we gain from past experiences.(并列)36.B.It is putting confidence in someone.】【That is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake】.
2.(2016全国卷I)
(解释)For example,
“Meet me.”】
For example,
a number for
message of a real
code,you must【39F.With a code book…(递进)For example,“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me.”The message“bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”40A.without the code book…(总结)】
3.(2013全国卷I)
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and
primarily by the management in authority.(解释)75.A.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years.【36D.to break them(并列)
never lags(落后)far behind code making】.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.(同词复现)
2.(2015全国卷I)
that we gain from past experiences.(并列)36.B.It is putting…】【That is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake】.(代词指代)
三、排除多余选项
1.排除多余选项旨在减少出错几率。

如：2014全国卷I语篇填句
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.【36By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds】.
1.Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious.【37Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out】. Ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?
2.Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new.【38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.】Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3.Personal skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.【39“Why do you think she’s crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?”】
4.Self Expression
【40There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music,acting, drawing，building,photography.】You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A.Encourage kids to cook with you.
B.And we can’t forget science education.
C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
分析层次结构后根据语句衔接逻辑，可以确定B....science education和E.Gardening...两项内容与篇章主旨无关，是多余的，剩下五对五匹配的准确率就比七对五高多了。

2.A、G不是多余项。

统计三年六套全国卷真题，A、G都不是多余项，原因自己考证。

语篇选项语篇选项
2014全国卷I D A CF G2015全国卷II CE A D G
2014全国卷II AG CAF2016全国卷I DE G F A
2015全国卷I B GA CE2016全国卷II F A EC G
四、高考真题例析：
1.2016全国卷II
第二节语篇填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?
36._____________.But it doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●37._____________
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).38._____________.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad,but that’s not what’s important.39._____________―how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d
like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40._____________.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
A.Know why you garden
B.Find a good place for your own garden
C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too
G.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have
三、语篇填句“语句、衔接、同复现”
文体大意：事理说明文，怎样拥有心仪的小花园。

说一件事:第1段，看到超值的花园你也想拥有？听听自己的内心，看你怎样敬畏自然和你的园艺水平怎样。

举几个例:第2段，不同的人有不同的目的，你种园子的目的是什么。

第3段，奶奶、爸爸怎样种园子不重要，关键是你的感受。

记下你记忆中的重点，逐步实施。

明一个理：说清楚了一件事说明白了一个理。

语句结构逻辑关系同复现词语
36起：层次主题转折对照 F.You can…your own,too 1.3But it doesn’t by accident 37起：段落主题例证解释 A.Know why you garden 2.1Some2.2Others
38并/转：支持句并列递进 2.1Some2.2Others E.Still others may enjoy
39并/转：支持句转折对照 3.2that’s not…important C.It is experience that matters 40起：层次主题并列递进G.write down the memory 3.5then work out a plan 2.2015全国卷II
第二节语篇填句（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.36._____________,buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.37._____________.As always,you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day.38._____________,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.39._____________.After two weeks,start timing yourself.40._____________.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
三、语篇填句“语句、衔接、同复现”
文体大意：事理说明文，马拉松训练要好好准备，逐渐增加训练里程。

说一件事:第1段，准备舒适的运动鞋，以防脚部损伤。

举几个例:第2段，开始不要计时，逐渐增加训练里程。

明一个理：说清楚了一件事说明白了一个理。

语句结构逻辑关系同复现词语
36起：层次主题例证解释 C.Before you begin 1.2but the…shoes
37合：层次结束条件结果 1.6double-check the fit E.If the shoes feel good
38起：层次主题并列递进 A.After six days 2.1During the first week
39并/转：支持句转折对照 2.1not think about distance D.increase the distance
40合：层次结束并列递进 2.3set out a goal G.figure out a goal
3.2014全国卷II
第二节语篇填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience,there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability,money and time.16._____________Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat.So think about of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials ready?17._____________
2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?18._____________It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3.19._____________This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start.20._____________and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A.Try new things.
B.Ability is easily improved.
C.Make three or four instead.
D.Understand your food better.
E.Cooking is a burden for many people.
F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
三、语篇填句“语句、衔接、同复现”
文体大意：事理说明文，怎样抽时间做饭的小技巧。

说一件事:第1段，人们很少做饭主要是因为能力、没钱和没时间，本文讲时间。

举几个例:第2段，提前计划好时间、准备食材。

第3段，充分利用时间。

第4段，尝试新的食谱。

明一个理：第5段，希望能给你有所帮助。

语句结构逻辑关系同复现词语
36起：层次主题例证解释 B.Ability 1.2ability,money,time
37合：段落结束归纳总结 2.1Think ahead G.planning ahead
38并/转：支持句并列递进 3.2one loaf of bread? C.Make three or four instead 39起：段落主题引出话题 A.Try new things 4.2experimentation
40起：层次主题并列递进 F.be a joy rather than 5.1and don’t let discourage。