高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!
高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分,也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志!概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类:①限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.②非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
高中英语 重点语法:定语从句的全面剖析
高中英语重点语法:定语从句的全面剖析定语从句是高中英语第一大语法内容,必须清晰掌握。
只要用心看,希望能帮你透彻掌握定语从句!01定语从句基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as等。
关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
例如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
例如:The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
04关系代词的用法1. thatthat既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2. whichwhich 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
定语从句英语总结
1.高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结(详细一点)2.定语从句谁能总结一下知识点定语从句:人物1.主语 who/that which/that2.宾语 who/whom/that/省略which/that/省略3.定语 whose the n.of which/whose4.表语 that that5.状语不能用which只能用that:1.先行词本身是不定代词all/everything/anything/nothing/much/few/little/none/the one2.先行词被一些词修饰(序数词,最高级)only/few/any/little/no/all/every/very3.先行词中既有物又有人4.who/which/that开头只能用which不能用that1.在非限定从句,先行词是物2.先行词本身是that3.当关系词前面有介词只能用who不能用that1.先行词是one/ones/anyone/those/I/you/he/they2.先行词是人,后面有较长的修饰词3.there be开头4.在非限定从句,先行词是人5.在介词前置时只能用whomone of n.(复数)+定语从句定语从句中谓语用复数the only one of n.(复数)+定语从句定语从句中谓语用第三人称单数区分定语从句和强调句:把it is…that去掉,若句子完整是强调句eg:it is the Suez Canal that separates Asia from Africa.It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分若先行词是situation之类的抽象名词,用inwhich/where先行词是the way 做方式状语,用 in which/that/省略the same …as 表示同一类事物the same …that 表示同一件物品eg:this is the same bike as I lost.This is the same bike that I lost,so I take it home.He has four daughters,none of whom is a pianist as he is.He has four daughters.None of them is a pianist as he is.Hehas four daughters,and none of them is a pianist as he is.。
高考语法大全
高中英语语法归纳总结大全专题一:定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as表示同一类,不同一个the same…that表示同一个(2)as 与which 的区别a、位置不同as 可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which 只能放在主句后。
b、as 起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which 相当于并列句,可以用and this 来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as 常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see,as has beensaid before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which 既可作系动词be 的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as 只可作系动词be 的主语。
二、只用that 不用which 的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing ,something ,anything, nothing,none, the one 等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right 等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高中英语语法定语从句总结
定语从句总结先行词为人时:关系代词从句中缺主语时,who;that;不能省略从句缺宾语,who; that ;whom,可省略;(介词后只能跟whom)从句缺定语指代’s ,whose先行词为物时:关系代词从句缺主语时,which;that;不能省略从句缺宾语时,which;that;可省略;(介词后只能跟which)从句缺定语指代’s,whose先行词为时间:从句缺时间状语时,关系副词when(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为地点:从句缺地点状语时,关系副词where(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为reason:从句缺缘由状语时,why / for which从句缺主语宾语时,which;that非限制性定语从句(带,的定语从句)1.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.2.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.(which 指代前面这个事)3. He keeps a diary, which everybody knows.(which 指代know的宾语)(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,which不行。
(2)as常带有“正如”的意思As we know , smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know n, smoking is harmful to one's health. It is known that smoking is harmful. (主语从句) (3)the same… as;such…as 中的as 是固定结构,I have got into the same trouble as he (has).特殊说明:1常考名词的定语从句:case,point,stage,situation;定语从句中主语宾语齐全用where;定语从句中缺主语宾语用which或that2 way做先行词,定语从句中的关系词用that; in which;不填3 用逗号隔开,起补充说明作用的非限制限制性定语从句,无论先行词是什么,都不用that4 众所周知:As is known(to all),…It is known (to all)that5 正如As was reported, (It was reported that)As was announced,As was expected,As we planned,As can be seen,只能用that, 不能用which引导定语从句的状况a)不定代词,如:anything,nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时Finally, the thief handed everythingthat he had stolen to the police.b) the only, the very, the just修饰先行词时He is the very man that helped thegirl out of the water.c)先行词为序数词(the first, the last)数词、形容词最高级时The first English book that heHad read was "Gone with the wind"d)先行词既有人,又有物时He talked about the teachers andschools that he visited.e)关系代词在从句中做表语He is not the man that he used to be.。
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。
本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。
定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。
它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。
二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。
其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。
四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。
例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。
例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。
高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解
定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。
who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2。
whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys。
足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
高中英语语法专题:定语从句
高中英语语法专题:定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
干货高中英语语法归纳总结大全,高考必备
干货高中英语语法归纳总结大全,高考必备1.定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose 在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。
如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why 来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。
如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语)注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。
①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.②That is the reason (why) I did it.③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。
高中英语定语从句总结
高中英语定语从句总结高中英语定语从句总结定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对被修饰词进行进一步的说明或限定。
在高中英语中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点,掌握定语从句的使用方法对于正确理解和使用英语具有重要的作用。
下面是关于高中英语定语从句的总结。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词和关系副词引导。
常用的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;常用的关系副词有:when, where, why。
1. 关系代词:(a) that 用来修饰人或物,常可省略;用来引导非限制性定语从句时,前面要加逗号。
(b) which 用来修饰物,常可省略;用来引导非限制性定语从句时,前面要加逗号。
(c) who 用来修饰人,不可省略;用来引导非限制性定语从句时,前面要加逗号。
(d) whom 用来修饰人,作宾语时不可省略;用来引导非限制性定语从句时,前面要加逗号。
(e) whose 用来修饰人或物,不可省略;用来引导非限制性定语从句时,前面要加逗号。
(f) as 用来修饰人或物,引导非限制性定语从句时使用,相当于which。
2. 关系副词:(a) when 引导时间定语从句,相当于“at/in/on which”。
(b) where 引导地点定语从句,相当于“in/at/to which”。
(c) why 引导原因定语从句,相当于“for which”。
二、定语从句的种类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句是对被修饰词起限定作用的从句,如果去掉定语从句,主句的意思会不完整或不明确。
限制性定语从句使用关系代词that, which, who等引导。
关系代词在定语从句中可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语。
例句:This is the book that I bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的书。
2. 非限制性定语从句则是对被修饰词进行进一步补充说明,如果去掉定语从句,主句的意思仍然是完整的。
高中英语的定语从句归纳和总结
定语从句概念:定语从句,一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
结构:先行词+关系词+从句关系词:关系词的类型:关系代词:who,whom,which,that,在从句中可作主语或宾语,whose,在从句中作定语关系副词:why,where,when,其中why=for which,where=in/at/on which,when=during/on/in which,在从句中做状语关系词的作用:1.连接作用,连接主句和定语从句2.指代前面的先行词3.在定语从句中担任成分关系词的选择:1.看先行词(被定语从句修饰的词)先行词是“物”可能用which,that,whose,where,when,why等,先行词是“人”可能用who,whom,that,whose等2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分①先行词是人且关系词在从句中作主语,用who/that②先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语,用whom/that③先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语,用that,which.④先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语,用that,which,也可以省略记住:关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的,作主语是不能省略的,因为主语后直接是动词,省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。
举例:Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。
而He is theheadmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省略。
⑤先行词是“人”或“物”,关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系,用whose引导定语从句.注意:表示所属关系不仅仅是人,这个就叫做所属关系,因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个,对人是of whom,对物是of which. ⑥先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,则用关系副词引导定语从句。
高中英语语法定语从句小结
定语从句1.限制性定语从句①关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that,as)A.从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致one of +动词复数-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghaithe only one +动词单数-------He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai*not only one of=one ofB.who/whom介词放在句尾,二者都可用------This is the girl (who/whom) we have been looking for.C.whose=of whichThe classroom whose windows are broken is unoccupied.The classroom of which the windows are broken is unoccupied.D.介词+关系代词⑴v.+prep. He found a job for which he had been preparing⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house in which they’ve been living for 15 years⑶adj.+prep.The woker with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiencyE.只用that⑴.先行词是最高级、序数词⑵.先行词是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行词⑶.先行词既有人又有物⑷.who/which…….that…..?⑸…… which…….that……②关系副词(when,where,why)A.when=on which先行词:occasionB.where=in which先行词:case,point,situation,condition,stageC.why=for which先行词:reason2.非限制性定语从句A.when=and then where=and thereB.a s/which(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后(2)非限制性定语从句放在主句之后,用as定语从句是否定句或表示否定时,用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected (3)As anybody can seeAs we had expectedAs often happensAs has been said beforeAs is mentioned aboveAs I understandAs appears(4)As+被动语态------Which+主动语态。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
xx定语从句详解Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、where(地点状语)可以修饰人的关系代词:that, who, whom, whose可以修饰事的关系代词:that, which, as, whose,The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window faces the sea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.(= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。
高中英语定语从句讲解与归纳
高中英语定语从句讲解与归纳高一英语定语从句讲解一、定语从句1.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。
2.定语从句在选择关联词that 与which时,常常容易出错,所以应记住什么时候只能用that,什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4种:即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。
请看下列四组例句,注意其先行词:①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况:一是非限制性定语从句,关联词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。
请看下列两组例句:I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中,which 和as 是容易混淆的。
在很多情况下两者兼可互换,但在下列情况中不可互换:1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首,而which,只能在逗号之后,as 本身含有“正如”,as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词,指前句整个的意思,如:She has married again, which surprises us .四、在定语从句中,许多人往往分不清all that 和what, what 实际上只引导名词性从句,它相当于all that两个字,例如:All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.= what I know is that ……定语从句知识要点:一、限定性定语从句:种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句(人)在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语whowhichThis is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
高中英语语法从句归纳总结
高中英语语法从句归纳总结英语语法从句是指在一个句子中,一个从句作为另一个句子的一部分来完成某些语法功能。
在高中英语学习中,语法从句是一个非常重要的知识点。
掌握好语法从句的用法可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思,提高英语写作和口语表达的水平。
本文将对高中英语语法从句进行归纳总结。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中担任名词的作用,常出现在主语、宾语、表语和同位语等位置。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.1 主语从句主语从句可以作为句子的主语,常使用的连接词有“that”和“whether/if”。
例如:- That he has passed the test is good news.(他通过考试是个好消息。
)- Whether he will come to the party is still unknown.(他是否会来参加派对仍未知。
)1.2 宾语从句宾语从句用来充当主句的宾语,常使用的连接词有“that”和“whether/if”。
例如:- I know that she is a doctor.(我知道她是一名医生。
)- He asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.(他问我是否已经完成了作业。
)1.3 表语从句表语从句用来简述主语的特征、性质或状态,常使用的连接词有“that”和“whether/if”。
例如:- The truth is that he is a liar.(事实是,他是个说谎者。
)- The question is whether/if we can solve the problem.(问题是我们是否能解决这个问题。
)1.4 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释或说明名词的具体内容,常使用的连接词有“that”和“whether/if”。
例如:- The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.(她通过了考试这个事实使每个人都惊讶。
高中英语:定语从句语法总结
高中英语:定语从句语法总结定语从句必备知识1.定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)2.先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词,作先行词的可以是:(1)一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题,是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为,语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上,我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院,这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
高中英语语法:定语从句考点总结
高中英语语法:定语从句考点总结定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one 等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
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高中英语定语从句详解
Ⅰ. 概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词()后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词: 、、、、,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): (时间状语)、(原因状语)、(地点状语)
可以修饰人的关系代词:, , ,
可以修饰事的关系代词:, , , ,
.
I .
() .
I'd a .
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:
●: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于或;指物时,相当于)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
1. A . (主语)
2. ?
3. ( ) . (宾语)
4. () ?
5. ( ) .
6. 's ( ) .(表语)
7. () .
(= .
= 。
= .)
●: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。
如:
1. .(主语)
2. () I .(宾语)
●, , :
: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人
: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。
译为:某人的,某物的
+ 名词 + n. + (某物的)
+ n. + (某人的)
I . (主语)
( / ) .
I a .
( = )
A .(指人)
( = )
I'd a . (指物)
( )
关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用;表物用 ) 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词和用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.)
( / / ) .
= .
.
() .
I ?
= () I ?
.
I .
● 的用法:( 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的,多用于… ; (与……相同);… …(如此,这样); (和……一样多);…(与……一样)等结构中。
如:
※I (). 我有一本和你的一样的书。
. (关系代词和指示代词连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是.) 't ?
I a .
.
't .
.
比较:I .
I'm .
比较: a . (定语从句)
a .(结果状语从句)
②如为非限制性的,还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从
句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。
(动词常为, , , , .)
, 's . ( 作宾语)
, 's . (作主语)
众所周知: ,
’s ( ) …
's 's .
's , .(作宾语)
, , ' .
a , I . (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)
Ⅲ. 关系副词(, , )引导的定语从句,它们后面的句子完整,只缺状语,它们都可以等于介词+ , 其中只等于 .
● 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
其先行词是表时间的名词(如:, , , , , .)
I .
, .
注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用引导定语从句,在定语从句中作状语;还可以用或引导,或在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
I .(作状语)
I . (作谓语的宾语)
' Harbin, .(宾语)
I Ⅴ .
.
● 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:, , , , .
I .
I .
注意:先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用引导,还可用或引导,在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较: ※ . (作状语)
. (作宾语)
·指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
先行词为时,可用指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用或引导。
如:
+ 定语从句 + 表语从句(……的原因是……)
/ / () 't .
I 't () . (作宾语)
. (作主语)
's .
(’s + 原因) 那是因为……
. 's .(表语从句)
(’s + 结果)那是……的原因
( ) . (定语从句)
当先行词为时,定语从句常用, ,或省略引导词
后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。
但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用或引导。
如:
() /()I .
比较: ()I .
Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
1. 形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用.
3. 语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
I . 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
, ( 's 800 ,) . 北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
(见上句翻译)
比较: a , a .
a a .
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用, , , 指物时用 , ; 关系副词,, , .
1. , .(代替整个前面整个主句)
2. 's , , a .
3. a , .
4. , .
Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
● & :
在定语从句中,和在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用, 而不宜用的情况.
只能用的情况:
①先行词为, , , , , (), (), (), 等不定代词或受其修饰时;
1 .
2's .
3 ?
②先行词被 , 修饰时;
1 .
2's .
比较 * .
* .
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时,包括 , ;
1 Wuxi, Tai Lake.
2 .
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时;
1 .
2 .
⑤先行词既有人又有物, 只用. 如:
1 .
2 .
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1 I a .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用 ,另一个关系代词宜用,以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison a .
⑧主句是以或开头的疑问句时,关系代词宜用,以避免重复。
1. ?
2. ?
⑨主句是结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用作关系代词. 如:
1. a .
⑩先行词在从句中做表语时
1. 30 .
2. ( ) .
定语从句中宜用而不宜用的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1 a .
2 . ?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1's , , .
2 , . (指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了, 另一个宜用 .
1. , I .
2. I I I .
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. 's , I , .
⑤先行词本身是, 宜用 .
's ?
⑥先行词是复数名词.
A a .
● & :
& 引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
①位置的不同:
(放句中)引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;位置较灵活,也就是说可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1. , .
2. , , . 或 , .
或 , .
②先行词的不同:
引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;
引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。
, . (先行词是一个词)
, .
, I .(先行词是一个句子)
, .
a , I .
③一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"
; ; ; ; ; ; .
·…与…的区别
高中英语语法定语从句总结全…指的是同一类事物, 例如
I .
…指的是同一个事物,例如
I .
11 / 11。