托福听力十五篇
老托听力30篇
老托福Part C 听写30篇文稿________________________________________1. This morning I want to tell you about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relationship between plants and animals. This is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin a distance of six feet. You think it would be safe from all attacks by insects? But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is just one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a path all the way across the leaves to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied insect adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses, that is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. What's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant's resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats, and thus gives itself a safe meal. However, it can take a beetle an hour and a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.生词摘录：1. shrub: n. 灌木2. resin: n. 树脂3. beetle: n. 甲壳虫4. vein: n. 静脉5. neutralize: v. 中和6. alter: v. 改变________________________________________2. Human populations near the equator have evolved dark skin over many generations because of exposure to the fiercest rays of the sun. A similar phenomenon has also occurred in other parts of the animal kingdom. The African grass mouse is a good example. Most mice are nocturnal, but the African grass mouse is active during daylight hours. This means that it spends its days searching for food in the semi-dry bush in scrubby habitats of eastern and southern Africa. Its furry stripe's like a chipmunk's, which helps it blend in with its environment. Because it spends a lot of time in the intense tropical sun, the grass mouse has also evolved two separate safeguards against the sun's ultraviolet radiation. First, like the population of humans in this region of the world, the skin of the grass mouse contains lots of melanin, or dark pigment. Second and quite unusual, this mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skull and skin. This unique cap provides an extra measure of protection for the grass mouse and three other types of African mouse, like rodents that are active during the day. The only other species scientists has identified with the same sort of skull adaptation is the white tent-making bat of the Central American tropics. Although these bats sleep during the day, they do so curled up with their heads exposed to the sun.生词摘录：1.equator: n. 赤道2.nocturnal: adj. 夜行的3.scrubby: adj. 树丛繁盛的4.stripe: n. 条纹5.chipmunk: n. 花栗鼠6.ultraviolet: adj. 紫外线的7.melanin: n. 黑色素8.pigment: n. 色素9.rodent: n. 啮齿类动物10.skull: n. 头骨________________________________________3. We've been looking at fear from a biological perspective, and someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic. What some studies done with mice indicate that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study, for instance, a group of mice was placed in a brightly lit open box with no hiding places. Some of the mice wandered around the box and didn't appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn't move. They stayed up against one wall which indicated that they were afraid. Well, when fearful mice, or you might say anxious mice like the ones who stayed in one place, when mice like these were bred with one another repeatedly, after about twelve or so generations, then all of the offspring showed similar signs of fearfulness. And even when a new born mouse from this generation was raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, that mouse still tended to be fearful as an adult. Now why is this? Well it's thought that specific genes in an animal's body have an influence on anxious behavior. These are genes that are associated with particular nerve-cell receptors in the brain. And the degree of overall of fearfulness in the mammal seems to depend in large part on the presence or absence of these nerve-cell receptors. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way. But while a tendency towards anxiety and fear may well be an inherited trait, the specific form that the fear takes has more to do with the individual's environment. So a particular fear, like the fear of snakes or the fear of spider, say, is not genetic, but the overall tendency to have fearful responses, is. 生词摘录：1. genetic: adj. 遗传的2. offspring: n. 子孙，后代3. receptor: n. 接受器________________________________________4. Let's turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is. It's essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now there's an important precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that's a large supply of consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see in a place where the demand for a product is greater than the supply, there is no need to advertise. Now the earliest forms of advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign over shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you. Then with the advent of printing press, advertising increased substantially. Ads for products like coffee, tea and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other periodicals, as well as on the sides of building. In the American colonies, advertising and communications media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in marketing goods and services. By modern standards, these early advertisements were quite small and subdued, not as splashy, whole page spread of today. Still some of them appeared on the front pages of newspapers probably because the news often consisted of less refresh reports from distant Europe while the ads were current and local. Advertising really came and do it so and became an essential part of doing business during the industrial revolution. Suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising. People's attention had to be drawn to the new product. Let's take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.生词摘录：1. essentially: adv. 本质上，本来2. precondition: n. 先决条件3. bakery: n. 面包店4. butcher: n. 屠户5. periodical: n. 期刊6. pamphlet: n. 小册子7. subdued: adj. 被抑制的8. splashy: adj. 大而显眼的，引人注目的________________________________________5. Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time. But in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day as well as the policies of the government. Now in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of The Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review and magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week, it didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.生词摘录：1. periodical: n. 期刊2. The Review: 《评论》杂志3. Daniel Defoe: 丹尼尔·笛福(1660 -1731)，生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，1731年4月26日卒于莫尔福德。
【托福听力资料】托福tpo15听力文本-lecture3
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 3众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 15 Lecture 3 Art HistoryNarrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor:Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and theprinting press, all books, all manuscripts were hand-made. And the materialtypically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that’sstretched and dried under tension, so it become s really flat and can be writtenon . During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became thepredominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.Parchment is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reused which camein handy since it was a costly material and in short supply, so it wasn ’ tuncommon for the scribes or monks who produced the manuscripts .Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries . Well,the scribes often recycled the parchment that’d been used for earliermanuscripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote somethingnew in its place A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then usedagain is called a palimpsest.Palimpsests were created, well, we know about two methods that were used forremoving ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrapeaway the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped outany writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle Ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink.But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact , it might reappear to the extent that scholars could make out and even decipher the original text.Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes’ palimpsest.Archimedes lived in Greece around 200 BCE, and as you probably know, he’s considered one of the greatest Mathematicians who ever lived, even though many of his writings had been lost , including what many now think to be his most important work called The Method .But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was apalimpsest, and beneath the surface writing of the manuscript laid, guess what?Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes.Archimedes’ writings were originally done on papyrus scrolls. Then in the 10 th century, a scribe made a copy on parchment of some of his texts and diagrams including, as it turns out, The Method . This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. About 200 years later in the12 th century, this parchment manuscript became a palimpsest when a scribe usedthe parchment to make a prayer book. So the pages, the pieces of parchmentthemselves, had been preserved. But the Archimedes’ text was erased and written over, and no one knew it existed.It wasn’t until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and that the underlying layer of texts could only have come from Archimedes. That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time.Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manuscript, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in the techniques they used to see the original writing. They’ve used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you’re interested in that sort of thing, you can learn more about it in an art conservation class.But actually, it was a physicist who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. He realized that the iron in the ancient ink would display if exposed to a certain X-ray imaging method, and except for small portions of the text that couldn’t be deciphered, this technique’s been very helpful in seeing Archimedes’ texts and drawings through the medieval overwriting.。
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译大家备考托福听力一定需要许多训练材料，为了帮助大家，小编为大家整理出来了。
那么下面是托福小编带来的托福听力TPO15对话1原文及翻译。
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译对话-1原文：Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian employee.Student：Hi, I am looking for this book---the American judicial system. And I can’t seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my political science class.Librarian:Let me check in the computer. Um… doesn’t seem to be checked out and i t’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves I assume.Student：Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be.Librarian:Well, it’s still here in the library. So people must be using it. You know this seems to be a very popular book tonight. We show six copies. None are checked out. And, yet you didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?Student：Maybe about Seventy Five?Librarian:Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. Yo u know about the ‘Reserve system’, right?Student：I know that you have to read reserve books in the library and that you have time limits. But I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on the reserve. I mean I thought the professors make that kind of decisions at the beginning of the semester.Librarian:Oh… they can put books on reserve at any time during the semester.Student：You know reserving book seems a bit unfair. What if someone who is not in the class wants to use the book?Librarian:That’s why I said some copies.Student：Ah, well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what I am gonna do tonight?Librarian:I guess you could walk around the Poli-Sci section and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.Student：There are do seem to be more than normal.Librarian:We are a little short of staff right now. Someone quit recently, so things aren’t getting re-shelved as quickly as usual. I don’t think they’ve hired replacement yet, so, yeah, the un-shelved books can get a bit out of hand.Student：This may sound a bit weird. But I’ve been thinking about getting a job. Um… I’ve never worked at the library before, But…..Librarian:That’s not a requirement. The job might still be open. At the beginning of the semester we were swamped with applications, but I guess everyone who wants the job has one by now.Student：What can you tell me about the job?Librarian:Well, we work between six and ten hours a week, so it’s a reasonable amount. Usually we can pick the hours we want to work. But since you’d be starting so late in the semester, I’m not sure how that would work for you. And… Oh… we get paid the normal university rates for student employees.Student：So who do I talk to?Librarian:I guess you talk to Dr. Jenkins, the head librarian. She does the hiring.对话-1译文：旁白：听一个学生和一个图书馆员工之间的对话。
托福TPO15听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her biology professor. Professor: Hi, Samantha, how did your track meet go? Student: Great! I placed first in one race and third in another. Professor: Congratulations, you must practice a lot. Student: Three times a week pre-season, but now that we are competing every weekend. We practice six days a week from 3:30 to 5. Professor: Athletics places a heavy demand on your time, don’t they? Student: Yeah, but I really love competing, so… Professor: You know, I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn’t always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you having a similar? Student: No. I really do make time to study, and I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes. But I didn’t see the grade I expected on my mid-term exam which is why I came by. Professor: Well, you didn’t do badly on the exam but I agree it did not reflect your potential. I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary. I was so impressed with the way you handled the microscope and the samples of onion cells and, well, how careful you observed and diagramed and interpreted each stage of cell division, and I don’t think you could have done that if you hadn’t understood the chapter. I mean, it seemed you really had a good understanding of it. Student: I thought so, too. But I missed some questions about cell division on the exam. Professor: So, what happened? Student: I just sort of blanked out, I guess. I had a hard time remembering details. It was so frustrating. Professor: All right. Let’s back up. You say you studied. Where? At home? Student: At my kitchen table, actually. Professor: And that’s supposed to be a quiet environment? Student: Not exactly. My brother and parents try to keep it down when I’m studying but the phone pretty much rings off the hook, so. Professor: So you might try a place with fewer distractions, like, the library. Student: But the library closes at midnight and I like to study all night before a test. You know, so everything is fresh in my mind. I studied six straight hours the night before the mid-term exam. That’s why I expected to do so much better. Professor: Oh, OK. You know that studying six consecutive hours is not equivalent to studying one hour a day for six days. Student: It isn’t? Professor: No, there’s a research that shows that after an hour of intensive focus, your brain needs a break. It needs to, you know, shift gears a little. Your brain’s ability to absorb information starts to decline after about the first hour. So if you are dealing with a lot of new concepts and vocabulary, anyway, if you just review your notes even twenty minutes a day, it’d be much better than waiting until the night before the exam to try and absorb all those details. Student: Oh, I didn’t realize. Professor: Think of your brain as a muscle. If you didn’t practice regularly with your track team, and then try to squeeze in three weeks’ worth of running practice the day before a track meet, how well do you think you will perform in the races? 托福TPO15听力Conversation2题目 1.Why does the woman go to see her professor? A. To tell him about an athletic achievement. B. To find out the best approach to studying for a test. C. To ask a question about a laboratory project.。
托福听力资料托福tpo15听力文本 (2)
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 15 Lecture 4 BiologyNarrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:OK. We’ve been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biologicalcommunity – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know uh, food forthe organisms, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back intoinorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when greenplants or microbes convert sunlight into energy, and also requiresmicroorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle theorganic material to complete the cycle. So, now we are done with this chapter ofthe textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the nextchapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I ‘d like to talk about somediscoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about whatyou need in order to have a biological community.And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermalvents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we aretaiking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents onthe ocean floor, they release this incredibly hot water, 3 to 4 times the temperature that you boil water at, because this water has been heated deep within the Earth.Well about 30 years ago, researchers sent a deep-sea vessel to explore the ocean’s depth, about 3 kilometers down, way deep to the ocean floor, No one had ever explored that far down before. Nobody expected there to be any life down there because of the conditions.First of all, sunlight doesn’t reach that far down so it ’ s totally dark. There couldn’t be any plant or animal life since there’s no sunlight, no source of energy to make food. If there was any life at all, it’d just be some bacteria breaking down any dead materials that might have fallen to the bottom of the ocean . And?Student 1 ：And what about the water pressure? Didn ’ t we talk before about how the deeper down into the ocean you go, the greater the pressure? Professor ：Excellent point! And not only the extreme pressure, but also the extreme temperature of the water around these vents. If the lack of sunlight didn’t rule out the existence of a biological community down there then these factors certainly would, or so they thought.Student 2：So you are telling us they did find organisms that could live under those conditions?Professor: They did indeed, something like 300 different species.Student 1 ：But... but how could that be? I mean without sunlight, no energy,no no …Protessor:What they discovered was that microorganisms, bacteria, had taken over both functions of the biological community - the recycling of waste materials and the production of energy. They were the energy source. You see, it turns out that certain microorganisms are chemosynthetic - they don’t need sunlight because they take their energy from chemical reactions.So, as I said, unlike green plants which are photosynthetic and get their energy from sunlight, these bacteria that they found at the ocean floor, these are chemosynthetic, which means that they get their energy from chemical reactions. How does this work?As we said, these hydrothermal vents are releasing into the ocean depth this intensely hot water and here is the thing, this hot water contains a chemical called hydrogen sulfide, and also a gas , carbon dioxide. Now these bacteria actually combine the hydrogen sulfide with the carbon dioxide and this chemical reaction is what produces organic material which is the food for larger organisms. The researchers had never seen anything like it before.Student 2 : Wow! So just add a chemical to a gas, and bingo, you ’ ve got a food supply?ProfessorNot just that! W hat was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called thetube worm. Here, let me show you a picture . The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to one and a half meters long , and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh?And another thing, the tube worm has no mouth or digestive organs. So you are asking how does it eat? Well, they have these special organs that collect the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and then transfer it to another organ, where billions of bacteria live. These bacteria that live inside the tube worms, the tube worms provide them with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. And the bacteria, well the bacteria kind of feed the tube worms through chemosynthesis, remember, that chemical reaction I described earlier.。
U15听力原文与答案
U15听力原文与答案UNIT 15Section 1 Tactics for Listening Part 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms , link-ups and contractions.Susan: Oh, no! That was the last bus home! And we've missed it! Michael: Well, let’s walk… It's a nice, warm evening. Susan: lt's four miles! It's too far for me to walk. Call a taxi!Michael: A taxi! My name isn't Rockefeller! We aren't rich enough totravel everywhere by taxi.Susan: Michael! You've forgotten something! Michael: What?Susan: We've got three suitcases. Do you really want to walk? Michael: OK…OK…Taxi!Part 2 Listening and Note- TakingOn Mondays we have English, Religion, Art and Music. On Tuesdays we have English, Maths,and double Geography. On Wednesday we have Maths, Art, Religion and Sport. On Thursdays we have History, Maths, Geography, and Sport. On Fridays we have English, Maths, Music and History.Exercise A: Listen to the passage and take notes. Exercise B: Complete the following chart.Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday EnglishEnglish Maths History EnglishArt Maths MathsReligion MathsArt Geography Religion Geography Music Music Geography Sport Sport HistorySection 2 Listening Comprehension Part 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Looking for a HousePaul Mack is at work. He is talking to a colleague who also lives on the Linden estate.Brian: what are you going to do, Paul ?Paul: I'm not true. Susan likes it here and doesn't want to moves, but I think we'll have to. What about you?Brain: Oh yes, we're leaving. We're putting the house up for sale tomorrow.Paul: But will anyone want to buy it now?Brain: I don't know, but I'm going to ask for a reasonable price. I'd rather lose a little now than a fortune later.Paul: I think you're right. I'm going to have another chat with Susan Areyou and Viv doing anything this evening?Brian: We're looking at a house in Aston Road at half past six. Paul: What about later?Brian: I don't think we're doing anything. why?Paul: Why don't you come round for supper and we can all talk about it? It might make Susan change her mind.Brian: Thanks very much. I'll do my best. What time shall we come? Paul:Is eight o'clock right? Brian: Fine.Paul: I won't be long. I'm just going to phone Susan to let her know. Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. Both of them want to leave the Linden estate.T 2. Brian is going to see his house. (Brian: we re putting the house up for sale tomorrow.)F 3. If nobody offers a reasonable price now, Brian would rather wait till a later time. (Brian still w ould rather sell it now. Brian: …I'm going to ask for a reasonable price. I'd rather lose a little now than a fortune later.) T 4. Brian has already found a house that they would like to have a look at it. (Brian: we're looking at a house in Aston Road at half past six.)T 5. Paul is determined to leave. (Paul: Why don't you come round for supper and we can all talk about it ? It might make Susan change her mind.)T 6. There are some attractions living there. (Paul: Susan likes it here and doesn't want to move...)Dialogue 2 The GhostHeather: Oh, I do feel tired. Let's just sit down for a few minutes before we go on.Jenny: No, come on. Let's go home. I get the creeps* in this place at night, and anything can happen here. You hear so many creepy* stories－what was that noise?Heather: I don't know. Probably an old torn cat on the prowl*.Jenny: I'm not so sure. I thought I saw a big shadow moving over there. Heather: Then I expect it was either a very big pussycat* or a tiny white tiger.Jenny: Look! Over there…by the tree…a white shape!Heather: Oh, come on－you'll be telling me that it's a ghost next! You must be seeing the moon-light reflected through the tree branches. Jenny: What about Victoria and Tom Howard? They both saw the ghost of a Roman soldier in a cellar in York last year.Heather: Yes－through the bottom of a bottle! ...er...wait a minute! Whatwas that noise?Jenny: Over there! Look…it's an old woman gathering sticks. Heather: Yes…but we can see right through her…let's get out of here . Jenny: Heather, wait for me!Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. Jenny didn't want to stop because she was scared. (Jenny: Let's go home. I get the creeps in this place at night, and anything can happen here.)T 2. Heather believed probably there was a cat nearby. (Heather: Probably an old torn cat on the prowl…Then I expect it was either a very big pussycat or a tiny white tiger.)T 3. The surroundings reminded Jenny of those frightening stories. (Jenny: Let's go home…You hear so many creepy stories…)F 4. Jenny got to know the ghost story of a Roman soldier from a book. (Jenny got to know the ghost story of a Roman soldier probably from her friends. Jenny: What about Victoria and Tom Howard? They both saw the ghost of a Rome soldier in a cellar in York last year.)F 5. Heather thought the ghost of a Roman soldier might be true. (When Jenny told him the ghost story of a Roman soldier, what he said sounds感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and the faculty adviser of the campus newspaper. Man: Hi, I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago. Anna, I think it was? Woman: I am Anna, the faculty adviser. Man: Oh, great! I’m Peter Murphy. You probably don’t remember me, but … Woman: No, no, I remember you. You were interested in working for the paper. Man: Yeah, as a reporter. Woman: That’s right. Uh, you’re taking a journalism class and you’ve done some reporting before in high school, right? Man: Wow, you have a good memory. Woman: Well, we haven’t had many students applying lately. So, anyway, you still want to do some reporting for us? Man: Yeah, if you have room for me on the staff. Woman: Well, we always need more reporters, but you know we don’t pay anything, right? Man: Yeah, I know. But I, uh, I’d like the experience. It will look good on my resume. Woman: Absolutely! Let’s see. I think I told you that we ask prospective reporters to turn in some outlines for possible articles? Ma: Yeah, I sent them in about a week ago. But I haven’t heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I’d stop by and see, but I guess you haven’t looked at them yet. Woman: Oh, Max, the news editor, he looks at all the submissions. Man: Oh, so he hasn’t made any decision about me yet? Woman: Well, I just got here a few minutes ago, haven’t been in for a couple of days. Uh, just give me a second to check my email. Uh, here’s a message from Max. Let’ see. Well, it seems you’ve really impressed him. He says it’d be wonderful if you could join our staff. Man: Oh, great! When can I start? Woman: Well, you turned in an outline on something to do with the Physics Department? Man: Yeah. They’re trying to come up with ways to get more students to take their introductory courses. Woman: Right. Well, apparently nobody else is covering that story so he wants you to follow up on it. Man: OK. Uh, what about the other outline I sent in? About the proposed increase in tuition fee? Woman: Oh, it looks like we’ve got that covered. Man: So, I’m starting with an article about the Physics Department. I guess I’d better get to work. Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story? Woman: Well, Max wanted to talk to you, but, I’m sure he’ll tell you to find out things like why the Physics Department worried about enrollment. Has the number of students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans they’re considering to address this problem? Man: Right. Some of those issues are already in what I proposed. Woman: And you want to do some interviews: you know, what the professors think of the plans, what the students think. You get the idea, but… Man: But wait till I talk to Max before proceeding? Woman: Right, he’ll cover everything you need to know to be a reporter for us. Can you come back this afternoon? He’ll be here until five o’clock. 托福TPO15听力Conversation1题目 1.Why does the student go to the campus newspaper office?。
托福口语听力文本
托福口语听力文本1、W:I'm not swimming in the lake unless it warms up outside today.M:Me neither.Unfortunately I think it's supposed to stay as cold all day.Q:What can be inferred about the speakers?2、M:that sweater is so unusual,and yet it looks familiar.Did I just see you wearing it yesterday?W:Well,not me.but see,it belongs to my roommate Jill,and she is in your chemistry class.Q:What does the woman imply?3、W:This toothache is killing me!i was hoping it would just go away but it's getting worse by the minute.what did you say the name of your dentin was?M:I told you last week to make that appointment.Q:what does the man imply?4、M:you wanna go to a lecture tonight over int he science auditorium?it's some guy who spent a year living in antarctic.W:no kidding!I'm doing a report on Antarctica for my geography class.maybe i can get some good information to add to it.Q:what does the woman mean?5、W:I'd really like to learn how to play chess,but it looks so complicated.it seems like it will take a really long time to learn.M:well,it takes a long time to get good at it.but we can go over the basics the afternoon if you want.Q:what does the man imply?6、M:Do you think u can lend me that novel when you are finished with it?I've been looking all over for a copy,but apparently it sold out at all the bookstores.W:oh,it's not mine.it belongs to Alive.but i'll see what she says.Q:what will the woman probably do?7、W:Hmm are you going to try some of this chocolate pudding?it's incredible.M:well,to be honest with you,I've never been a big fan of chocolate.Q:what does the man imply?8、W:why don't we go catch the new Italian film at the Pin Street cinema?M:that's a little out of the way,don't u think?it's playing just up the street of the Grow of Two,you know.Q:what does the man suggest they do?。
老托福听力精选93篇-听力原文
老托Part C 精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at ourhelps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n. ［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n. ［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be? 【生词摘录】1.insurance: n. ［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n. 船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n. ［C］a formal written agreement between two or more people,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n. ［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc （银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n. ［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n. ［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea 海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks 小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj. 危险的10.s alient: adj. formal the salient points or features of something are the mostimportant or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11.p aramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n. AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres 【美】加仑（等于3.785升）2.vat: n. ［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky or dye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n. ［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n. ［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading on stepsfixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的n.［U］the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n. ［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars 火星的9.stride: n. ［C］a long step 大步，阔步10.e lbow: n. ［C］the joint where your arms bends 肘Dava NewmanProfessor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Director of Technology and Policy ProgramMac Vicar Faculty FellowWelcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park: 大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass: 克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n. ［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres 英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used to testhypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj. approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds 外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n. ［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth that liesin the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n. ［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built next tothe sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n. ［C］a wide open area of land in North America which is coveredin grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n. ［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which youmove along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口> 成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n. ［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of people andanimals 蚊子12.r epellent: n. ［C,U］a substance that keeps insects away 驱虫剂Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape 把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n. ［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially onefrom which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n. ［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj. AmE informal warm and comfortable 【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n. ［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n. ［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n. ［C］a photograph that has been printed again in a largersize 放大的照片8.life-size: 又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n. ［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth, andcan be used more than once （可以多次使用的）航天飞机，太空穿梭机10.m ission: n. ［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce, armyetc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n. ［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs （头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.d urable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot 耐用的13.i nsulation: n. ［U］material used to insulate something, especially a building（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n. ［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that it seemsvery unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n. ［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n. technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bag andcontains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj. formal furthest inside 【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n. ［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room, buildingetc 使通风）20.h elmet: n. ［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers, motorcycleriders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.d emonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly 证明，论证，证实；toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support. 【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n. ［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing and musictell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n. ［U］the process of making animated films 动物片的制作4.wheel: n. ［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc that turnwhen it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n. ［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n. ［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plastic atthe end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n. ［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n. ［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especiallyabout something such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic: 又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm 有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj. 又作adventuresome, AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的11.c horeography: n. ［U］the art of arranging how dancers should move duringa performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n. ［U］the use of symbols to represent something 象征主义（手法）7In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n. plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as a possibleway of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected 历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello: 蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n. ［C］someone who is very interested in a particular activityor subject 热衷于…的人4.estate: n. ［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n. ［singular］a height above the level of the sea 海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting 壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something （能观察某物的）有利位置Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n. ［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set （尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n. ［C］a member of a group that controls the money of a company,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员: v. especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profit aftertax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc 使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n. ［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold 苗圃（garden center, BrE）Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n. ［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n. ［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animalsin 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something suchas great heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell: spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n. ［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building houses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n. ［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood that formthe structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n. ［C］the most important parts of something, to which moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n. ［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places 芦苇9.straw: n. ［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used foranimals to sleep on, and for making things such as baskets, mats etc 秸秆（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n. ［C］someone who settles in a new colony 开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n. ［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.s late: n. ［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces 板岩，板石13.c lay: n. ［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n. ［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n. ［U］formal long life 【正式】长寿；technical the length of aperson or animal’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality 高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts areindistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n. ［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine and whoenjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n. ［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n. ［C］a very tall modern city building 摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same 完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feeling usingwords or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks ormaking other small changes描绘，润色（图画、照片）。
托福听力TPO15真题原文附带音频
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力TPO15真题原文附带音频摘要：备考托福听力所使用的材料尤为重要，而TPO都是ETS之前考过的真题，对于考生模拟考试和复习具有很大的价值。
小编在这里为大家分享托福听力TPO15真题原文附带音频，这是TPO听力中的一部分，在接下来的时间里小编还将与大家分享更多。
托福听力的备考首选的资料那就要数TPO了，这是份非常值得大家备考和练习的资料，今天小编仅仅为大家带来部分内容托福听力 TPO15真题原文附带音频，我们一起来看看吧。
TPO 15 Lecture 4 BiologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:OK. We've been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know ah, food for the organism , and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and abo ut how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or r ecycle the organic material to complete the cycle So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fas t. First, I ‘d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community....考生们无论备考托福的哪一部分，TPO都是非常适合的材料，我们为大家提供的托福听力TPO15真题原文附带音频都是经过精编处理过的内容，考生们可以直接下载使用，同时我们也为大家提供了在线下载和移动下载两种方式，方便大家随时随地的备考。
新托福考试初级听力材料
范蠡的经商之道作者：来源：《商业文化》2014年第10期范蠡是春秋战国之际著名的人物，他协助勾践彻底击败吴王夫差而雪耻复国，继而助勾践北向称霸中原。
功成名就之后，激流勇退，务农经商，创造了人生的辉煌，为历史发展做出了杰出的贡献。
一、把握行情，“人取我予”。
范蠡商业经营的最主要目标是“人取我予”，即满足人们生活与生产的需求，这种需求不仅是多方面、多层次的，而且与时令、季节的关系也很密切。
他能把握时机，能提供市场最需要的东西，当然就会立于不败之地。
二、让货等人，“待乏贸易”。
范蠡运用农业丰歉循环论，调节物资，进行“待乏贸易”，具体说，就是“夏则资皮，冬则资緆（细麻布），旱则资舟，水则资车，以待乏也。
”所谓待乏原则就是让货等人，不要让人等货。
要准备别人所没有的或想不到的，这样才能在市场上占据制高点，占据优势。
三、诚信经商，“不求暴利”。
范蠡经商，不仅善于抓住时机，并且不追求暴利。
《史记》记载，范蠡“侯时转物，逐十一之利。
”这是非常人性化的主张，符合中国传统思想中经商求“诚信”、求“义”的原则。
而且薄利多销，不求暴利，细水长流，日积月累，必成大富。
这是范蠡成功的秘诀之一。
四、因地制宜，多种经营。
范蠡搞经济不是盲目出击，而是精心选择地点，充分发挥自然环境的优势，以求最好的经济效益。
他离开越国后，来到齐，具有良好的从事生产的条件，为范蠡致富奠定了基础。
在齐地，他从事农业和海上经营，到陶后，除了经营农产品还倡导多种经营。
他曾向鲁国穷士猗顿传授致富经验：子欲速富，应当饲养五种牲畜。
他还提倡养鱼，《齐民要术》记载的《养鱼经》传说就是范蠡所作。
五、注重质量，不图侥幸。
范蠡和计然提出一套“积著之理”，就是贮存货物的原则。
他说：“积著之理，务完物，无息币，以物相贸易，腐败而食之货勿留，无敢居贵。
”重视货物质量，资金要流通，不图侥幸获利。
六、埋头苦干，劳动致富。
范蠡充分利用齐地的资源和环境，带领全家人艰苦奋斗。
他从越国的上将军一变而为普通的劳动者，在官为本的时代，多少人仰慕高官厚禄，而范蠡坦然改变身份，埋头苦干，劳动致富，对传统观念做出了大胆的挑战，仅此一点对后人的启迪是极其深刻的。
老托福分类场景听力文本(精编版)
老托听力文本目录校园类17+4=21 (2)第一篇宿舍噪音 (2)第一篇（打工场景） (10)生物类15+13=28 (12)第一篇reptile (13)第一篇（实验介绍） (20)天文类3+3=6 (26)第一篇Jupiter (27)第一篇（登陆月球和火星） (28)地球科学类5+12=17 (30)第一篇恐龙消失 (30)第一篇（地球interior） (32)人类学类5+3=8 (38)第一篇The origin of farming of prehistoric times (38)第一篇 (41)历史类16+31=47 (42)第一篇建筑 (42)第一篇（舞蹈） (50)人体生理心理学类2+7=9 (66)66第一篇（Baby hypothesis） (67)Business类4 (71)语言学类3 (73)校园类17+4=21第一篇宿舍噪音W: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren‟t much different than the old dorms, ju st some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street‟s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot o f noise that the single pane wouldn‟t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor‟s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I‟m better off than the people who‟ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven‟t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wa ll you‟ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn‟t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That‟s right.M: Well, I‟m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn‟t help. You should hang somet hing up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I‟d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.第二篇W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa‟s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It‟s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can‟t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I‟m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I‟ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it‟s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don‟t you follow me? It‟s easier just to show you.第三篇选课M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I‟ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that‟s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let‟s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That‟ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus isreally tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That‟s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn‟t affect my grade point average!第四篇学生抗议食堂W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that‟s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I‟ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What‟s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it‟s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert‟s okay?M: Yeah, that‟s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it‟s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.第五篇学习问题★W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim‟s Brief History of Time. And I don‟t know where to look for it?M: D id you check the status on the library‟s computer?W: I tried but I couldn‟t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim‟s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That‟s a really help!**********************************************************★M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it‟s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I‟m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn‟t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor‟s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I‟ll be able to find them.**********************************************************★M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I‟ll try to catch her then.第六篇打工场景M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I‟m excited about it. I‟m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I‟ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students‟ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That‟s what I wrote about --people‟s reaction to it. It‟s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they‟re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You‟re kidding! May be I‟ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I‟ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I‟ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I‟ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.第七篇学习问题W: Hey, Kevin, I haven‟t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going?M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It‟s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses ar e interesting enough, but… W: What‟s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it‟s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know y ou mean. I‟ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It‟s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It‟s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It‟s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn‟t it take up a lot of studying ti me？W: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that‟s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn‟t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don‟t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean‟s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.第八篇注册学校W: Here we are at registration again; I can‟t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It‟s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can‟t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It‟s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That‟s why the college doesn‟t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What‟s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.第九篇学习问题W: What‟s the matter? I‟ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That‟s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that‟s not the problem…it‟s just the…well, it‟s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don‟t car e for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, whichisn‟t my best subject. I really don‟t see why we even have to t ake science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that‟s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don‟t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don‟t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!十篇W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I‟ve got a big problem with the poetry course that‟s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I‟ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college?They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.第十一篇学习问题M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we‟re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room?W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.第十二篇买书M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality, but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who‟s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.第十三篇停车★M: I‟ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.第十四篇打工场景★Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W: Oh!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I‟m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact,some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!第十五篇打工场景M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let‟s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I‟ll see you then.第十六篇暑假出行M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I‟ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.第十七篇学习问题★Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains‟ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how thebrain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.第一篇（打工场景）It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year ofMedical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or traffic jams, for instance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!第二篇（选课场景）In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.第三篇（打工场景）Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program --- and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom workin such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!第四篇（Housing场景）I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students who have been here longest. Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get the second block, and second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on.You can use either your won or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.生物类15+13=28。
托福听力TPO15原文Conversation2
托福听力TPO15原文Conversation2托福听力TPO15原文Conversation2下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO15原文中Conversation2的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO15Conversation2Professor：Hi Samantha,how did your track meet go?Samantha：Great!I placed first in one race and third in another.Professor：Congratulations!You must practice a lot.Samantha：Three times a week pre-season,but now that we’re competing every weekend,we practic e6days a week from3:30till5:00.Professor：Athletics place a heavy demand on your time,don’t they?Samantha：Yeah,but I really love competing,so…Professor：You know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge,and I didn’t always succeed,was getting m y studying in during soccer season.Are you having a similar…Samantha：No,I…I really do make time to study.A nd I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes.B ut I didn’t see the grade I expected on my mid-term exam,which is why I came by.Professor：Well,you"didn't do badly on the exam,but I agree it did not reflect your potential.I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary.I was so impressed with the way you handle the microscope and the samples of onion cells,and with how carefully you observed and diagramed and interpretedeach stage of cell division.And I don't think you could have done that if you hadn't read and understood the chapter.I mean it seemed like you really had a good understanding of it.Samantha：I thought so too,but I missed some questions about cell division on the examProfessor：So what happened?Samantha：I just sort of blanked out,I guess.I had a hard time remembering details.It was so frustrating.Professor：Alright,let's back up.You say you studied,where,at home?Samantha：At my kitchen table actually.Professor：And that's supposed to be a quiet environment?Samantha：Not exactly.My brother and parents try to keep it down when I am studying, but the phone pretty much rings off the hook,so…Professor：So you might try a place with fewer distractions,like the library…Samantha：But the library closes at mid-night,and I like to study all night before a test, you know,so everything is fresh in my mind.I studied six straight hours the night before the mid-term exam.T hat’s why I expected to do so much better.Professor：Oh ok.You know that studying six consecutive hours is not equivalent to studying one hour a day for six days.Samantha：It isn’t?Professor：No.There is research that shows that after about an hour of intense focus, your brain needs a break.It needs to,you know,shift gears a little.Your brain's ability to absorb information starts to decline after about the first hour.So if you are dealing with a lot of new concepts and vocabulary,anyway,if you just reviewed your notes,even20 minutes a day,it'd be much betterthan waiting until the night before an exam to try and absorb all those details.Samantha：Oh,I didn't realize.Professor：Think of your brain as:a muscle.If you didn't practice regularly with your track team,and then tried to squeeze in three weeks worth of running practice just the day before a track meet,how well do you think you'd perform in your races?《对话》教授：嗨，萨曼莎，田径运动会怎么样?萨曼莎：好极了。
TPO 15 听力文本_Megan
TPO 15听力文本TPO 15 ScriptSection 1Conversation1Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a Student and the faculty Advisor of the campus newspaper.StudentHi! I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago, Anna, I think it was? AdvisorI'm Anna, the faculty advisor.StudentOh, great! I'm Peter Murphy. You probably don't r e member me, but …AdvisorNo! No! I remember you. You're interested in working for the paper.StudentYeah, as a reporter.AdvisorThat's right. You're taking a journ alism class and you’ve done some reporting before in high school, right?StudentWow, you have a good memory.AdvisorWell we haven’t had many s tudents applying lately so … so anyway, you still want to do some reporting for us?StudentYeah, if you have room for me on the staff.AdvisorWell we always need more reporters, but you know, we don't pay anything, right? StudentYeah, I know, but I huh.. . I'd like the experience. It would look good on my resume .AdvisorAbsolutely! Let's see. I think I told you that we ask prospective reporters to turn in some outlines for possible articles.StudentYeah, I sent them in about a week ago, but I haven't heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I'd stop by and see, but I guess you haven't looked at them yet.AdvisorOh, Max, the news editor. He looks a t all the submissions.StudentOh, so he hasn't made any decision about me yet?AdvisorWell I just got here a few minutes ago... haven't been in for a couple of days. Just give me a second to check my e-ma il. Uh … here is a message from Max. Let’s see. Well it seems you’ve really impressed him. He says it would be wonderful if you could join our staff. StudentOh, great! When can I start?AdvisorWell, you turned in an outline on something to do with the physics department? StudentYeah, they're trying to come up with ways to get more Students to take their introductory courses.AdvisorRight, well, apparently, nobody else is covering that story, so he wants you to follow up on it.StudentOK. Uh … wha t the other outline I sent in, about the proposed increase in tuition fees? AdvisorOh, it looks like we've got that coveredStudentSo I am starting with an article about the physics department. I guess I'd better get to work. Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story?AdvisorWell, Max will want to talk to you but I am sure he will tell you to find out things like why the physics department's worried about enrollment. Has the number of Students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans are they considering to address this problem?StudentRight, some of those issues are already in what I proposed.AdvisorAnd you'll want to do some interviews, you know, what do the Professors think of the plans, what do the Stu dents think you get the idea but …StudentBut wait till I talk to Max before proceeding.AdvisorRight, he'll cover everything you need to know to be a reporter for us. Can you come back this afternoon? He will be here until 5 o'clock.Lecture 1Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.ProfessorFor decades, psychologists have been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on, how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditions for good concentration are. As long ago as 1982, researchers came up with something called the CFQ - the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. This questionnaire asks people to rate themselves according to how often they get distracted in different situations, like hum … .. forgetti ng to save a computer file because they had something else on their mind or missing a speed limit sign on the road. John?JohnI've lost my share of computer files, but not because I’ m easily distracted. I just forget to save them.ProfessorAnd tha t's part of the problem with the CFQ. It doesn’t take other factors into account enough, like forgetfulness. Plus you really can’t say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves. So it’s no surprise that someone attempted to design an objectiv e way to measure distraction. It’s a simple computer game designed by a psychologist named, Nilli Lavie. In Lavie’s game, people watch as the letters N and X appear and disappear in a certain area on the computer screen. Every time they see an N, they press one key, and every time they seean X they press another, except other letters also start appearing in the surrounding area of the screen with increasing frequency which creates a distraction and makes the task more diffic ult. Lav ie observed that people’s reaction time slowed as these distractions increased.StudentWell t hat’s not too surprising, isn’t it?ProfessorNo, it's not. It's the next part of the experiment that was surprising. When the difficulty really increased, when the screen filled up with letters, people got better at spotting the Xs and Ns. What (why) do you think that happened?JohnWell, maybe when we are really concentrating, we just don't perceive irrelevant information. Maybe we just don't take it in, you know?ProfessorYes, and that's one of the hypotheses that was proposed, that the brain simply doesn't admit the unimportant information. The second hypothesis is that, yes, we do perceive everything, but the brain categorizes the information, and whatever is not relevant to what we are concentrating on gets treated as low priority. So Lavie did another experiment, designed to look at the ability to concentrate better in the face of increased difficulty. This time she used brain scanning equipment to monitor activ ity in a certain part of the brain, the area called V5, which is part of the visual cortex, the part of our brains that processes visual stimuli.V5 is the area of the v isual cortex that's responsible for the sensation of movement. Once again, Lav ie gave people a computer-based task to do. They have to distinguish between words in upper and lower-case letters or even harder, they had to count the number of syllables in different words. This time the distraction was a moving star field in the background, you know, where H looks like you are moving through space, passing stars. Normally area of V5 would be stimulated as those moving stars are perceived and sure enough, Lavie found that during the task area of V5 was active, so people were aware of the moving star field. That means people were not blocking out the distraction. StudentSo doesn't that mean that the first hypothesis you mentioned was wrong, the one that says we don't even perceive irrelevant information when we are concentrating?ProfessorYes that's right, up to a point, bu t that’s not all. Lav ie also discovered that as she made the task more difficult, V5 became less active, so that means that now people wer en’t really noticing the star field at all. That was quite a surprise and it approved that the second hypothesis – that we do perceive everything all the time but the brain categorizesdistractions differently, well, that wasn't true either. Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brain’s ability to accept or ignore visual information. She th inks its capacity is limited. It’s like a highway. When there are too many cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived. Now that may be the correct conclusion for v isual distractions, but more research is needed to tell us how the brain deals with, say, the distractions of solv ing a math problem when we are hungry or when someone is singing in the next room.Lecture 2Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.ProfessorAs geologists, we examine layers of sediment on the Earth's surface to approximate the dates of past geologic time periods. Ah sediment as you know is material like sand , gravel, fossil fragments that is transported by natural processes like wind , water flow or the movement of glaciers . So sediment is transported and then deposited and it forms layers on the Earth’s surface over time. We examine these layers to learn about different geologic time periods including when they began and ended. For example, from about 1.8 million years ago to around 11 thousand years ago was the Pleistocene epic. The Pleistocene epic was an ice age. During this epic, sediment was made by the kind of erosion and weathering that happens when the climate is colder, and part of those sediments are fossils of plants and animals that lived at that time. The Holocene epic followed the Pleistoce ne epic when the Earth’s climate warmed up around 11 thousand years ago. The Holocene epic is characterized by different sediments, ones that form when the climate is warmer. Because the climate changed, the types of plants and animals changed also. Holocene sediments contain remnants of more recent plants and animals, so it's pretty easy to differentiate geologically between these two epics. Now there is growing evidence that the presence of humans has altered the earth so much that a new epic of geologic history has began(begun) – the Anthropocene epic, a new human-influenced epic. This idea that we’ve entered a new Anthro-pocene epic was first proposed in 2002. The idea is that around the year 1800 CE the human population became large enough, around a billion people, that its activities started altering the environment. This was also the time of the industrial revolution, which brought a tremendous increase in the use of fossil fuels such coal. The exploitation of fossil fuels has brought planet wide developments: industrialization, construction, uh, mass transport. And these developments have caused major changes like additional erosion of the Ear th’s surface and deforestation. Also, things like the damming of rivers, has caused increased sediment production, not to mention the addition of more carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Naturally all these changes show up in recent sediments. And these sediments are quite different from pre year 1800 sediment layers. Interestingly there's some speculation that humans started having a major impact on Earth much earlier, about 8000 years ago. That's when agriculture was becoming widespread. Early farmers started clearing forests and livestock produced a lot of extra methane. But I want to stress this is just a hypothesis. The ideathat early humans could have had such a major effect, well I'm just not sure we can compare it with the industrial age. Geologists in the far future will be able to examine the sediment being laid down today, whereas right now we can say that yes, human impact on the Earth is clear: It'll be future researchers who hav e a better perspective and will be able to really draw a line between the Holocene and the Anthropocene epics.Section 2Conversation2NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a Student and her biology.ProfessorHi Samantha, how did your track meet go?SamanthaGreat! I placed first in one race and third in another.ProfessorCongratulations! You must practice a lot.SamanthaThree times a week pre-season, but now that we’re competing every weekend, we practice 6 days a week from 3:30 till 5:00.ProfessorAthletics place a heavy demand on your time, don’t they?SamanthaYeah, but I really love competing, so …ProfessorYou know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn’t always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you having a similar …SamanthaNo, I … I really do make time to study. And I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes. But I didn’t see the grade I expected on my mid-term exam, which is why I came by.ProfessorWell, you "didn't do badly on the exam, but I agree it did not reflect your potential. I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary. I was so impressed with the way you handle the microscope and the samples of onion cells, and with how carefully you observed and diagramed and interpreted each stage of cell division. And I don't think youcould have done that if you hadn't read and understood the chapter. I mean it seemed like you really had a good understanding of it.SamanthaI thought so too, but I missed some questions about cell division on the exam. ProfessorSo what happened?SamanthaI just sort of blanked out, I guess. I had a hard time remembering details. It was so frustrating.ProfessorAlright, let's back up. You say you studied, where, at home?SamanthaAt my kitchen table actually.ProfessorAnd that's supposed to be a quiet environment?SamanthaNot exactly. My brother and parents try to keep it down when I am studying, but the phone pretty much rings off the ho ok, so …ProfessorSo you might try a place with fewer distractions, like the library …SamanthaBut the library closes at mid-night, and I like to study all night before a test, you know, so everything is fresh in my mind. I studied six straight hours the night before the mid-term exam. That’s why I expected to do so much better.ProfessorOh ok. You know that studying six consecutive hours is not equivalent to studying one hour a day for six days.SamanthaIt isn’t?ProfessorNo. There is research that shows that after about an hour of intense focus, your brain needs a break. It needs to, you know, shift gears a little. Your brain's ability to absorb information starts to decline after about the first hour. So if you are dealing with a lot ofnew concepts and vocabulary, anyway, if you just reviewed your notes, even 20 minutes a day, it'd be much better than waiting until the night before an exam to try and absorb all those details .SamanthaOh, I didn't realize.ProfessorThink of your brain as: a muscle. If you didn't practice regularly with your track team, and then tried to squeeze in three weeks worth of running practice just the day before a track meet, how well do you think you'd perform in your races?Lecture 3Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor:Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manual scripts were hand-made. And the material typically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that stretched and dried under tension, so it becomes really fat(flat) and can be written on . During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment. Parchment is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reused which came in handy since it was a costly material and in short supply. So it wasn’t uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manual scripts. Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries. Well, the scribes often recycled the parchment that’d been used for earlier manual scripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote something new in its place A manual script page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Palimpsests were created, well, we know about two methods that were used for removing ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped out any writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink. But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact, it might reappear to the extent that scholars could make out an even decipher, the original text. Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes' palimpsest. Archimedes lived in Greece around 200 BCE, and as you probably know, he's considered one of the greatest Mathematicians who ever lived, even though, many of his writings had been lost , including what many now think to be his most important work called The Method . But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing on the manual script laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes Archimedes' writings were originally done on papyrus scrolls. Then in the 10thcentury, a scribe made a copy on parchment of some of his texts and diagrams including, as it turns out, The Method. This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. About 200 years later in the 12th century, this parchment manual script became a palimpsest when a scribe used the parchment to make a prayer book. So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved. But the Archimedes' text was erased and written over, and no one knew it existed. It wasn't until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and that the underlying layer of texts could only have come from Archimedes. That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time. Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manual script, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in their techniques they used to see the original writing. They've used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you're interested in that sort of thing, you can learn more about it in an art conservation class. But actually, it was a physicist who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. He realized that the iron in the ancient ink would display if exposed to a certain X-ray imaging method, and except for small portions of the text that couldn't be deciphered, this technique's been very helpful in seeing Archimedes' texts and drawings through the medieval over writing.Lecture 4Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:OK. We've been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know ah, food for the organism, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle the organic material to complete the cycle So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I’d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community. And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977 with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we are talking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents on the ocean floor, they release this incredibly hot water, 3-4 times the temperature that you boil water at because this water has been heated deep within the Earth. Well about 30 years ago, researchers sent a deep-sea vessel to explore the ocean ’ s depth, about 3 kilometers down, way deep to ocean floor, No one had ever explored that far down before. Nobody expected there to be any life down there because of the conditions. First of all, sunlight doesn't reach that far down so it’s totallydark. There couldn’t be any plant or animal life since there's no sunlight, no source of energy to make food. If there was any life at all, it’d just be some bacter ia breaking down any dead materials that might have fallen to the bottom of the ocean. And?StudentAnd what about the water pressure? Didn’t we talk before about how the deeper down into the ocean you go, the greater the pressure?ProfessorExcellent point! And not only the extreme pressure, but also the extreme temperature of the water around these vents. If the lack of sunlight didn't rule out the existence of a biological community down there then these factors certainly would, or so they thought. StudentSo you are telling us they did find organisms that could live under those conditions? Professor:They did indeed, something like 300 different speciesStudentBut... but how could that be? I mean without sunlight, no energy, no no …Professor:What they discovered was that microorganisms, bacteria, had taken over both functions of the biological community - the recycling of waste materials and the production of energy. They were the energy source. You see, it turns out that certain microorganisms are chemosynthetic - they don't need sunlight because they take their energy from chemical Reactions. So, as I said, unlike green plants which are photosynthetic and their energy from sunlight, these bacteria that they found at the ocean floor, these are chemosynthetic, which means that they get their energy from chemical reactions. How does this work? As we said, these hydrothermal vents are releasing into the ocean depth this intensely hot water and here is the thing, this hot water contains a chemical called hydrogen sulfide, and also a gas, carbon dioxide. Now these bacteria actually combine the hydrogen sulfide with the carbon dioxide and this chemical reaction is what produces organic material which is the food for larger organisms. The researchers had never seen anything like it before. StudentWow! So just add a chem ical to a gas, and bingo, you’ve got a food supply?ProfessorNot just that! What was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called the tube worm. Here, let me show you a picture. The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to oneand half meters long, and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh? And another thing, the tube worm has no mouth, or digestive organs. So you are asking how does it eat? Well, they have these special organs that collect the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and then transfer it to another organ, where billions of bacteria live. These bacteria that live inside the tube worms, the tube worms provide them with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. And the bacteria, well the bacteria kind of feed the tube worms through chemosynthesis, remember, that chemical reaction I described earlier.。
托福听力必背短文十篇
托福听力必背短文十篇1.文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we’re discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, “The Lion King “especially, since it’s based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music performed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another’s cultures. And this production’s director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show “The Lion King“ as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we’ve been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we’ll get back to the African influence later. First let’s turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in “The Lion King“, musicbased on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region2. 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth’s shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a perfect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that’s the plural of the world stadium. Today, it’s not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let’s say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek’s estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope wasinvented.3.文科段子：文学名著Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let’s take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, it’s far from Stowe’s best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe’s best writing is about village life in the New England’s states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children’s books, as well as novels for adults.4.生活段子：噪音影响I’m glad to see so many of you here. We’ve become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren’t harmful. That’s noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that’s like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing’s at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let’s try to generate a list of damaging noises5.文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts.Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You’ll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o’clock in Jennings Auditorium. That’s our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we’ll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we’ll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra’s Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper’s Doctor’s Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you’ll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We’ll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester6.文科段子：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noblecrusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn’t last long and the slave owners would be put down forever, but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.7.文科段子：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers, let’s now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrotethe first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn’t take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.8.理科段子：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line.Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it’s new this semester. It’s only open to psychology majors. But I bet it’ll catch on else where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is itIt’s an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don’t you ever have to meet with professor?Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we’ll meet oncampus three times for reviews and exams.It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That’s why they came up with the program.Look, I’ll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.The only thing is: doesn’t it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that’s why phone contact’s important. Any way, it’s an experiment.Maybe I’ll end up hating it.Maybe. But I’ll be curious to see how it works up.9.生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade’s National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that’s the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it’s home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You’ll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don’t worry. There’s a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at theanimals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we’ll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who’d like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don’t do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so bothersome, but you’ll soon want to use an insect repellent.10.理科段子：地理冒险Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th’ 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary’s claim was surrounded by controversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, butcritics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary’s polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.。
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A Parking Sticker1 What is the student’s situation?A. She wants to buy another parking stickerB. She needs to pay a parking ticketC. She is trying to get her first parking stickerD. She would like to get a credit card2 How is the student going to pay?A With cashB With a checkC With a credit cardD With a debit card3 What does the student NOT need to do?A Complete a formB Show identificationC Pay a feeD Bring her car4 Where does the sticker go? (2 answers)A On the front windowB On the back windowC On the right sideD On the left side5 What is stated about parking on campus?A Students may not park in colored areas.B Campus parking areas are distinguished by colorC Areas marked with colors are not for parkingD Parking stickers are marked with different colors6 Who parks in which areas? (2 answers)A Students use blue parking areasB Faculty and staff use blue parking areasC Students use yellow parking areasD Faculty and staff use yellow parking areasiron pyrite18 In what ways is iron pyrite similar to gold ?A In colorB In shapeC In compositionD In reaction to heat19 Why is iron pyrite called fool’s gold?A Some foolish people wasted time looking for it.B Some foolish people thought that it was gold.C Some foolish people preferred it to gold.D Some foolish people gave it away.20 What is iron pyrite composed of ? 2 answers.A GoldB SulfurC SparksD iron21 How does iron pyrite react to heat? 2 answersA It creates smokeB It emits a bad smellC It becomes golden.D It develops a shine.22 Where did the word pyrite come from?A From a Latin word meaning “gold”.B From a Latin word meaning “fire”.C From a Greek word meaning “iron”D From a Greek word meaning “fire”.23 How did some ancient cultures use iron pyrite?A To create goldB To heat goldC To start firesD To reduce odors.A Drama Class7 When is the students’ performance?A In three daysB In ten daysC In a few weeksD In three months8 Which of these is NOT a character in the scene?A EmilyB GeorgeC Thornton WilderD The Stage Manager9 How familiar are the students with their lines?A They have not even looked at their linesB They have read over their linesC They have each memorized their own linesD They have each memorized everyone’s lines10 What is stated about the scene? 2 answersA It takes place before a weddingB It takes place during a weddingC George and Emily are getting marriedD George and Emily are wedding guests11 What are the students going to discuss next?A Other playsB CostumesC CharactersD PropsEarly teachers12 Who is listening to the lecture?A Experienced teachers.B Students of American history.C School administrationsD Future teachers.13 The rules discussed in the lecture relate to what period of time ?A Late in the eighteenth century.B Early in the nineteenth century.C Early in the twentieth century.D Late in the twentieth century.14 What is stated in the lecture about the rules for teachers? 2 answersA They were quite strict.B They were established by the teachers themselves.C They were not just about behavior at schoolD They were considered quite humorous by the teachers.15 What rules about clothing are discussed in the lecture? 2 answersA The style of trousersB The color of clothC The length of the skirtsD The type of material16 What were teachers required to do in the evening?A Be in schoolB Stay homeC Attend meetingsD Leave town17 Where were teachers forbidden to go? 2 answersA To storesB To barsC To friends’ housesD To ice cream shops .Anthropology paper1 why does the student go to see the professor?A To take a test he has missedB To get permission to write about a particular topicC To ask a question about material from the course textD To ask why certain material has been assigned2 What is the topic of the paper he wants to write?A. The use of stars in navigationB. Various positions in the Roman militaryC. The importance of astronomy in ancient RomeD. A method of determining the roles for certain soldiers3 Why were Roman soldiers asked to count the stars in the Big Dipper?A. To determine if they could use the stars to navigateB. To determine if they were knowledgeable about constellationsC To determine if they could see well at long distances D. To determine if they could count4 Which of the following is NOT true?A. The Big Dipper is part of a binary starB. Mizar is part of the Big DipperC. Alcor is part of a binary starD. The Big Dipper contains a number of stars5 What two statements describe the possible outcomes from the Roman eyesight test?A. A soldier would fight as an archerB. A soldier would fight on horsebackC. A soldier would become an officerD. A soldier would fight on the front lines6 How does the term “survival of the fittest” relate to the test that the student describe?A the soldiers in the best physical shape tended to survive in battles.B the soldiers with better eyesight would fight from less dangerous positionC the fittest Romans were not in the military and therefore tended to survive.D those who could not see Alcor did not survive the Roman military tests.7 What does the professor finally decide? 2 answersA that the topic is not related to anthropologyB that the student should not use the topic for his paperC that the student should concentrate on t concept of survival of the fittestD that it is possible to use this topic for the paper.Science Lab1 Why does the student go to see the lab assistant?A To discuss two issues related to the science labB To discuss why he did not do a good job on his first lab assignmentC To find out what he must do to complete his lab reportD To talk about the members of his science lab group2 Listen again to part of the passage. Then answer the question.Why does the lab assistant answer the student’s question with this question:A She has not understood what the student has asked.B She is not sure who is in the student’s group.C She would like to know if the student has really done any work with his group.D She has made an assumption about the group from the student’s questions.3 What does the lab assistant suggest that the group should try?A Completing the lab session without talkingB Spending more time talking during the lab sessionC Meeting before the lab session to have a discussionD Working individually in the science lab4 Listen again to part of the passage. Then answer the question.How does the student seem to feel about his group?A He thinks his group does work quite deliberately.B He feels that the group is not able to get things done effectively.C He is not sure when or where the group is meeting.D He is afraid that his group does not have enough time to do a good job.5 What does the lab assistant say about the lab report?A It must be completed by the group.B Each member may decide how to prepare the report.C Each individual must write a part of the report.D The report must be prepared in a very specific way.American Literature---The Little House Books6 Listen again to part of the passage. Then answer the question.Why does the professor begin the lecture in this way?A To show how the coming lecture is related to a previous lectureB To outline the various topics that will be covered in the courseC To indicate that the topic w川be covered in a future lectureD To impress the students with the importance of the coming topic7 How is the information in the lecture presented?A Two different genres are contrasted.B Examples of a certain genre are described,C Various characteristics of a genre are classified.D Events in the life of a person are outlined chronologically.8 How is the Little House series classified?A As historical factB As autobiographyC As historical fictionD As biography9 What three statements are true about Laura Wilder’s Little House series? 3 answersA Laura made up many of the events.B Laura wrote the books during her childhood.C Every event in the books happened.D Not every event in Laura’s life was recorded.E Names of some negative people were changed.10. What event did Laura omit from her books?A A move to the Indian TerritoryB A problem she had with Nellie OlsenC Her father’s storytelling sessionsD The birth and death of her brother11 Can these conclusion be drawn from the lecture?Yes No Historical fiction is not always accurate.Historical fiction is always autobiographical.Wilder’s fiction was a little more pleasant than her actual lifeWilder’s life did not actually have any unpleasantness in it.Confused Assignment1 What is the student confused about? Click on 2. answers.A Which professor gave the assignmentB When the assignment was givenC What she is supposed to readD When the assignment is due2. Listen again to part of the passage.How does the professor seem to feel?A FrustratedB EnthusiasticC BoredD Calm3. Which of these are part of the assignment?A Looking at various reportsB Reading journal articles from the libraryC Determining the main ideas of articlesD Writing a journal articleE Writing a report on the articles4. Listen again to the end of the conversation.Why does the professor end the conversation this way?A To show that he enjoys going over information with studentsB To indicate that he believes the student finally understands the assignmentC To show that he thinks the student may still be confusedD To indicate that he wants to end the conversation5 What conclusion can be drawn about the student?A She had not really needed to see the professor.B She did not really need to write the report．C She had already begun part of the assignment.D She had understood almost nothing about the assignment.Cross-Dating6. What is the main topic of this discussion?A A way of comparing two different archeological sitesB A method of determining the age of an ancient civilizationC Counting tree rings to date culturesD The dates of various cultures in Arizona7. How is the information in the discussion presented?A Various cultures are contrasted.B A series of cultures are presented in chronological order.C The reasons why a certain technique works are listed.D A concept is explained through an extended example.8 What do archeologists compare when using cross-dating?A Two cultures, each with unknown datesB Two methods of dating culturesC One culture with known and one culture with unknown datesD The known dates of two cultures9 What is NOT true about tree-ring dating, according to the discussion?A It is a scientific method of dating.B it can be used to date all types of areas.C It was used effectively to date the northern culture.D It was not used to date the southern culture.10. Is each of these true about the areas discussed in the lecture?Yes No The dates of the northern culture were determined from tree-ring dating.Pieces of southern pottery were found in I the northern area.The dates of the southern culture were determined from cross-dating.Pieces of northern pottery were found in the southern area.11. How does the student seem to feel about the material?A Quite confident throughout the discussionB Quite confident at first but confused laterC Quite confused throughout the discussionD Quite confused at first but more confident laterBiology Class1 What problem does the student have?A Deciding whether or not to study biologyB D Deciding between two seemingly similar coursesC Deciding whether to take a 100- or 200- level courseD Deciding whether or not to take an introductory-level course2 What differentiates Biology 101 from the other course?A Biology 101 has more lectures.B Biology 101 is a more general course.C Biol09Y 101 has a laboratory component.D Biology 101 has fewer units.3 Listen again to part of the passage. What does the advisor mean when she says this:A You really should have said it differently.”B “It’s not how I would say it, but it’s close n meaning.”C “You have your opinion, and I have mine.”D “it would have been better to have said something else.”4 What decision does the advisor seem to think that the student should make fairly soon?A Whether his major will be within the sciences or notB How he should fulfill the general education requirementsC Whether or not to study biologyD Exactly what his major is5. What can be concluded from the conversation?A That the student has made a decision on a majorB That the student really does not like scienceC That the student has completed his general education requirementsD That the student has decided which course to takeGem Cuts6, How does the professor present the different styles of gems?(9 From the least common to the most common⑧From the simplest to the most complex④From the oldest to the most recently developed⑨From the least expensive to the most expensive7. Drag the appropriate description of each type of cut to the box beiow the name of the cut. CabochonTable cutBrilliant cutA Is unfacetedB Is faceted only on the topC Is faceted on the top and the bottom8 What does the professor say about faceting? 2 answers.A It was not done earlier than the fifteenth century．B It may have been done earlier than the fifteenth century.C it was done in the fifteenth century.D it was not done until after the fifteenth century.9 Which style of gem is no longer used much because it does not reflect light well?A The rose cutB The cabochonC The table cutD The brilliant cut10 What overall conclusion can be drawn from the lecture?A That the cutting of gemstones developed earlier than the polishing of gemstonesB That the cutting of gemstones developed at the same time as the polishing of gemstonesC That the polishing of gemstones developed earlier than the cutting of gemstonesD That the polishing of gemstones developed as a result of the cutting of gemstones11 In the talk, the professor explain the order that each of these styles of gems appeared in history. Summarize the process by putting the steps in the correct historical order, from the first to the last.rosetablebrilliantcabochon1 _________-2 ___________3 __________4 __________Cumulative Exam1 Why does the student go to see the professor?A To retake an exam she failedB To explain to the professor why the grade was so lowC To make up an exam that she missedD To look for a solution to the problem of a bad grade2 Listen again to part of the passage. Why does the professor say this：A To revert to an earlier topicB To reinforce what he just saidC To clarify what the student’s question wasD To ask the student a question3 What are the professor’s grades based on? Click on 2 answers.A A unit examB Unit examsC A cumulative examD Several cumulative exams4 What is a cumulative exam?A An exam on the final unit in the courseB An exam that covers all the units in the courseC The first exam given in the courseD The exam with the highest grade5 What solution does the professor offer to the student?A To accept a bad grade in the courseB To retake the examC To submit extra credit assignmentsD To prepare well for future examsGeography---Mountains6 What is the topic of this lecture?A Examples of ways that volcanic mountains developB The history of mountains in the last 100 million yearsC Examples of stages in the evolution of mountain-buildingD Methods of proving which mountains are really the oldest7 Is each of these statements true about the ages of various mountain ranges?Yes No the Appalachians are older than the Rockies.The Cascades are younger than the Rockies.The Himalayas are younger than the Andes.The Alps are younger than the Cascades.8 Which statements are true about how these mountain ranges were formed?Click on 3 answers.A The Alps were created when tectonic plates crashed together.B The Andes were created when tectonic plates crashed together.C The Appalachians were created by volcanic action.D The Cascades were created by volcanic action.E The Himalayas were created when tectonic plates crashed together.9 What is true about the length of the mountain ranges?A The Rockies are longer than the Andes.B The Himalayas are 7,000 miles long.C The Andes are more than 4,000 miles long.D The Alps are 7,000 miles long.10 Which mountain ranges are part of the Ring of Fire? Click on 2 answers.A The CascadesB The AppalachiansC The RockiesD The Andes11. Why does the professor discuss the Appalachians and Cascades?A They are examples of the world’s tallest mountains.B They are among the world’s oldest and youngest mountains.C They are the world’s oldest mountains.D They were formed in different ways from other mountains.Scholarship1 Why does the student go to see this office worker?④To ask for a letter of reference⑧To turn in an application for a scholarship⑥To ask for an application for university admission⑨To find out how to apply for a particular program2 Does the office worker emphasize each of these?Yes No The date the completed application is dueThe need to answer all questionsThe length of the essaysThe information to be included in the reference letters3 Why does the student ask about the question on high school ranking?A it is an example of a question he finds difficult to answer.B It seems like a question that would take too much time to answer.C He thinks that his high school ranking might be too low.D He thinks the question should be answered by someone else.4. What does the advisor say about the essays?A The student needs to answer the two essay questions on page four.B The student needs to answer two of the four essay questions on page seven.C The student needs to answer all four essay questions on page seven.D The student needs to answer the four essay questions on page two.5. What does the advisor say about the letters of reference? Click on 2 answers.A The student needs two of them.B The student needs three of them.C Two must be written by professors.D Only one can be written by a professor.Oceanography ---Atolls6. What is this discussion mainly about?A How oceanic volcanoes occurB The formation of certain coralline structuresC Where atolls most likely occurD The formation of lagoons7. What is an atoll made of?A A combination of coral and algaeB A combination of algae and volcanic ashC Only of algaeD Only of coral8 Where do atolls tend to grow? Click on 2 answers.A In tropical areasB In arctic areasC In warm waterD In cool water9 Listen again to part of the discussion. Why does the instructor say this:A The student’s response was incorrect.B She would like a more thorough response from the student.C The diagram they are looking at is not clear enough.D She does not understand the student’s response,10 In the talk, the professor describes the process of the formation of atolls. Summarize the process by putting the steps in the correct order.Coral begins to grow.A volcanic island forms.The volcano disappears under water.The volcano erodes.1 ________2 __________3 _________4 ________11 What is true about a lagoon? Click on 2 answers.A it is a body of water.B It encircles an atoll.C It is made of coral.D it is surrounded by an atoll.听力答案Parking stickerCBD A/D B B/Ciron pyriteAB B/D A/B DCA Drama ClassCCB A/C B/DEarly teachersDC A/C B/C B B/D Anthropology paper1-5 BDCA AD B C/DScience LabADCBDThe Little House BooksABC 9 CDE 10 D 11 YNYN Confused Assignment1B/C A B/C/E CDCross-Dating6 ADCB 10 YNYY 11 DBiology ClassGem CutsCumulative ExamGeography---MountainsScholarshipOceanography ---Atolls这几篇的答案假期发，我暂时没有做出来。