被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解

一. 概念：句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者或者对象。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought. (正确)A new computer have been bought. (错误)

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.

注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

(1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：

build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made for me.

(2) The meat was cooked for us.

(3) Some country music was played for us.

3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

(1) We always keep the classroom clean.→The classroom is always kept clean.

(2) She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：

Who wrote the story? 误：Who was the story written?

正：By whom was the story written? 正: Who was the story written by?

6. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：

(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

对比：The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)

The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)

7. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

误：The sun had already been risen.

After the earthquake, few houses remained.

误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.

8. 在汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说…… It is said that …