不定式的句法功能归纳
2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析
2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析1.不定式做主语(1)不定式的逻辑主语由引导词来引导,这类引导词最常见的是for 和of。
这一类相应的搭配有以下:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。
如:Doctors say that walking is one of the best methods for human beings to keep fit。
医生说,走路几乎是保持健康最好的方法。
It’s so considerate of to arrange the accommodation for us。
都帮我们安排了食宿,您真是考虑的太周到了。
.(2)不定式做主语补足语:掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。
注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应形式。
如:be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.例如:You were warned not to read in the strong light,cause it will hurt your eyesight。
不要在强光下看书,会伤害你的眼睛。
2.不定式做宾语掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve,request, swear, tend, venture。
不定式知识点归纳总结
不定式知识点归纳总结一、不定式的构成不定式是动词的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to be, to do, to go等。
二、不定式的用法1. 作主语例句:To study hard is important for students.翻译:努力学习对学生来说是很重要的。
2. 作宾语例句:I want to learn English.翻译:我想学英语。
3. 作宾语补足语例句:She asked me to help her.翻译:她要求我帮助她。
4. 作表语例句:Her dream is to become a doctor.翻译:她的梦想是成为一名医生。
5. 作定语例句:There is a lot of work to do.翻译:有很多工作要做。
6. 作状语例句:He came here to see you.翻译:他来这里是为了见你。
7. 用在and, but, or连接两个不定式例句:I want to learn English and to improve my speaking skills.翻译:我想学英语,还想提高口语能力。
8. 与形容词和副词连用例句:I'm happy to meet you.翻译:见到你我很高兴。
9. 用在名词前表示目的,结果等例句:He gave us some advice to help us study better. 翻译:他给了我们一些建议,帮助我们更好地学习。
三、不定式的特殊用法1. with + 宾语 + 不定式例句:He left me with nothing to say.翻译:他让我无话可说。
2. for + 宾语 + to 不定式例句:We have a lot of work for you to do.翻译:我们有很多工作需要你做。
3. 不定式的被动形式例句:The book is difficult to finish.翻译:这本书难以完成。
不定式的句法功能 1
不定式的句法功能不定式虽然不能做谓语,但保留着动词的特征,可带有自己的宾语和状语,从而形成不定式短语。
不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。
不定式一般式的用法表示将来:即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如:We decided to leave early. 我们决定早点动身。
不定式完成式的用法(1)表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作:I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。
(2)表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作:I hope to have finished the work by now.(3)表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望:I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。
不定式被动式的用法不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式,往往取决于句子的意思,即意思上为主动就用主动形式,意思上为被动就用被动形式:Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗?不定式完成被动式的用法不定式的完成被动式表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作:I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity.不定式的语法作用一、用作主语To talk with him is a great pleasure.【注】为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it:It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
二、用作表语Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。
三、用作宾语Remember to post the letter. 记住把信寄了。
【注】(1)不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, exc ept)的宾语,当but, except前面如果有实意动词do时,不定式的to 须省略。
不定式用法归纳总结
不定式是一个动词的非限定形式,通常以"to" 开头(在英语中)。
在语法上,不定式可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词,因此具有多种用法。
以下是一些不定式的主要用法:1. **作为名词:**-作为主语:```To learn a new language requires dedication.学一门新语言需要投入。
```-作为宾语:```She wants to travel the world.她想要环游世界。
```2. **作为形容词:**-用于描述名词:```This is the best book to read.这是最好的一本书,值得阅读。
```-用于描述人:```She is the person to ask for help.她是求助的人。
```3. **作为副词:**-用于描述动词:```He works hard to succeed.他努力工作以取得成功。
```-用于描述目的或原因:```I went to the store to buy some groceries.我去商店买些食品杂货。
```4. **与情态动词一起使用:**-与情态动词如"can," "will," "should" 等一起构成复合不定式,表示可能性、意愿等:```She can study to improve her skills.她可以学习以提高她的技能。
```5. **作为动词的宾语:**-作为某些动词的宾语,如"plan," "decide," "agree," "hope," "promise" 等:```She promised to help me with my homework.她答应帮我做作业。
```6. **不带"to" 的不定式:**-在一些特定的情况下,不定式可以省略"to",例如在情态动词"let" 后或在一些感官动词后:```Let me go.让我去。
英语动词不定式的结构及用法有哪些
英语动词不定式的结构及用法有哪些不定式的语法功能:除不能作谓语,其他句子成分都可。
常见考法有:1.不定式作状语;2.it作形式主语代替后面的不定式;3.不定式的否定形式4.被动语态中的不定式;5.不定式省to情况;6.不定式作定语的情况。
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1不定式做句法成分不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成。
1.不定式作主语To see is to believe.常用it作形式主语It's for sb/It's of sb1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:It's very hard for him to study two languages.2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, cruel, right。
It's very nice of you to help meTo serve the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我的最大幸福。
不定式用法小结
一、语法功能
(一)、作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.
浅谈动词不定式的句法功能与用法
浅谈动词不定式的句法功能与用法我们知道,英语中非谓语动词指的是动词不定式,动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed 形式。
动词不定式(the infinitive)一般由"to+动词原形"构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。
动词不定式在句中通常可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和补助语,有时还可有自己的逻辑主语,即for sb. to do.1. 动词不定式作主语。
不定式短语可以直接在句首作主语,表示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来;谓语动词用单数。
如:Not to smoke will do you a lot of good. 不吸烟对你有很大好处。
有时为保持句子平衡,常用it 作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语放在后面,注意:若有不定式作表语,作主语的不定式不能用it作形式主语, 如:To see is to believe。
眼见为实。
另外,为强调不定式所表示动作的执行者,可以在不定式的前面加for sb.构成不定式的复合结构;在表示人物性格,特性等的形容词后面用介词of.如:It is difficult for Marty Fielding to know what the future holds.对马蒂.菲尔丁来说很难知道未来是什么样的。
To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time. 正确地照看我的宠物花费许多时间。
( 选修7 Unit 1).2. 动词不定式作表语。
(1).放在be 动词后起解释说明的作用。
如例句:Now his ambition is to become an actor. 现在他的雄心是当一名演员。
(选修7 Unit 1). Its purpose is to involve in physical exercise and athletic competition.其(运动主题公园的)目的是让游客参与身体锻炼和体育比赛。
语法精讲不定式,语法功能全解析!
语法精讲不定式,语法功能全解析!动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to。
动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
下面,小编带大家一起学习不定式的语法功能,即在句中做什么成分。
一. 用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语—动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
1. It is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.尽最大努力处理这些问题是我们的责任。
2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.校长说,和他妈妈谈一谈很有必要。
3. How to learn English well is important.如何学好英语很重要。
4. To see is to believe.眼见为实;百闻不如一见。
二. 用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如:1. The best way is to join an English club.最好的办法是加入一个英语俱乐部。
2. The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.首先是要认真听老师讲课。
三. 用作宾语1. 可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree);期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn);宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know);希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
英语语法:不定式的句法功能
英语语法:不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主语。
To smoke so mush is not very good foryou.你抽那么多烟不好。
To stay up late is bad for your health.熬夜对你的健康不好。
注:当代英语常用it作为语法上的主语,即形式主语,将真实主语不定式放在谓语之后。
如上两句可改为:It is not good for you to smoke so mush.It is bad for your health to stay uplate.2、不定式作宾语①有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语这些动词有want想要,wish希望,like喜欢,decide决定,help帮助,pledge保证,begin开始,forget忘记,learn学习,ask要求等等。
动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语。
He wants to be an English teacher.他想做个英语教师。
I decided to learn Japanese next month.②动词不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。
这些形容词通常有eager急于,anxious急于,ready准备好/愿意,此外,也可以包括sure一定,glad高兴,pleased高兴,sorry难过,afraid怕,free随意,determined决心,able能够,willing愿意等。
These little children are eager to learnhow to play the piano.这些小孩子们渴望学会弹钢琴。
I am sure to succeed.我肯定会成功的。
③动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。
I have no choice but to stay here.除了待在这儿我别无选择。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair hisbike.上周六他除了修理自行车什么也没有干。
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式(the infinitive)的基本用法动词不定式1.基本构成:to+动词原形,其否定形式是“not/never to do/not do”.2.基本用法:不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化。
一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置,往往放v.和adj.之后。
e.g. To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easyto learn English well.★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成,即:It’s+ adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.跟踪操演1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers.2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream.3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换)________ ________ English well ______ very important.4.It’s important _______ Chinese well.A. to learnB. learnC. learningD. learns2.作表语eg:The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.表语是用来透露表现主语的身份、状况和特性等,可与系动词组成系表布局。
eg:Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.My job is to clean the streets.跟踪操演1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day.2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor.3.作宾语eg:The driver offered to help the patient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语,表示命令、打算或希望等。
不定式的句法功能归纳
不定式的句法功能归纳不定式虽然不能做谓语,但保留着动词的特征,可带有自己的宾语和状语,从而形成不定式短语。
不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。
一、不定式做主语(1)英语中,不定式短语可放在句首充当句子的主语。
如:To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。
(2)但为了使句子平衡,常用it做形式主语放在句首,而将真正的主语——不定式放到句末,特别是在疑问句及感叹句中必须采用这种方式。
如:It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
Is it necessary to bring an umbrella today? 今天带雨伞有必要吗?(3)不定式做主语时,不能有单独的名词或代词做逻辑主语,而应用for sb. /of sb. 做它的逻辑主语,当不定式表示对逻辑主语的利害关系时,用for sb;当不定式用来对逻辑主语表示赞美或责备时,用of sb。
如:It is not good for your eye to read in the sun. 在阳光下看对你的眼睛不好。
It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们,真是太好了。
二、不定式做宾语(1)在英语中,不定式可用来做宾语。
如:He agrees to go with us. 他同意跟我们一起去。
I want to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 我想买一本汉英词典。
(2)不定式做宾语时须注意:A.不定式并不是可做任何及物动词的宾语。
能接不定式做宾语的动词有:afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, desire, demand, determine, elect, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, know, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend, prefer, refuse, requir e, start, try, wait, want, wish, wonder. 如:I can’t afford to buy such an expensive computer. 我买不起这么昂贵的电脑。
英语语法:不定式的句法的功能
英语语法:不定式的句法的功能不定式的句法功能一、不定式用作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
To remember this is very important. 记住这个点很重要。
【注】为了避免头重脚轻,在很多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it:It’s very important to remember this. 记住这个点很重要。
It’s a pity to leave so early. 这么早走太遗憾。
二、不定式用作表语He seems to be ill. 他似乎有病。
Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。
You are not to smoke in this room. 你不应在这个房间里吸烟。
【注】不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to be),二是像My job is to sweep the floor(我的工作就是擦地板)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形,三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,再如:We are to meet at the station at three. 我们约定3点钟在车站见面。
(表约定)How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能说服他呢? (表可能性)You are to come when I call. 叫你来的时候,你必须来。
(表命令)三、不定式用作宾语I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。
Remember to post the letter. 记住把信寄了。
I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。
动词不定式
用来修饰序数词或最高级或其修饰的中心词 He was the best man to do the job. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat. 用来修饰的词是抽象名词。如ability, chance, idea, promise, answer, attempt, belief, way 等 Do you have the ability to read the and write in English? I have no chance to go abroad.
动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach , advise, discuss 等词的宾语 时,前面常带疑问词。 即“疑问词+to do”. We don’t know whether to accept the invitation. He showed us how to do the work . find /feel/ think + it+ adj./n.+to do sth.句型中, it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定 式 The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.
We can not but obey the rule of school.
You had better say sorry to your teacher.
, remember, stop, go on等词后接动名词和 不定式意义差别巨大。 stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember to do sth 记住去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 regret to do 很遗憾地去做某事 regret doing 后悔作了某事
不定式在句子中的用法
不定式在句子中的用法一、不定式的概念和构成不定式,作为英语语法中的一种非谓语动词形式,用于表示动作或状态。
不定式由动词原形加不定式符号to构成,具有动词的特征,同时又没有时态、语态和人称的变化。
二、不定式的句法功能1.作主语:To learn a foreign language is challenging. (学习一门外语是具有挑战性的。
)2.作宾语:She prefers to study at home rather than go to the library. (她更喜欢在家学习而不是去图书馆。
)3.作表语:The real reason for his absence was to take care of his sick mother. (他缺席的真正原因是照顾生病的母亲。
)4.作定语:I have a lot of homework to do. (我有很多家庭作业要做。
)5.作状语:To be honest, I don't like the idea. (说实话,我不喜欢这个主意。
)三、不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加上not或never。
例如:I decided not to go to the party. (我决定不去参加派对。
)四、不定式的时态和语态1.一般式:I am glad to see you. (很高兴见到你。
)2.进行式:He pretended not to be listening to our conversation. (他假装没有在听我们说话。
)3.完成式:I regret not having taken your advice. (我很遗憾没有听从你的建议。
)4.被动式:The book is not likely to be published. (这本书不太可能出版。
)五、不定式的逻辑主语表示法当不定式的动作或状态与句子主语不一致时,需要使用逻辑主语来表示这个动作或状态是谁执行的。
不定式的用法总结
不禁考虑会想你
8
can’t help consider feel like
9
思考: 巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别? 记住要努力,(remember want try ) 需要别忘记; (need forget ) 后悔没尽力, ( regret try ) 意思要停止。 ( mean require stop )
1) 不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。
你记得哪一条路到那儿吗?
Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。
Do you remember which way to get theow to operate the machine.
目的状语: 常用的结构—to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc.
I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。
He studied hard only to fail the exam.
04
begin\start doing sth
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点击规律:
后面只接动名词做宾的动词
1
实践完成听建议
2
practice finish suggest
3
习惯继续别放弃
4
be used to keep on give up
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喜欢思念忙介意
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enjoy miss be busy mind
4
3.作宾语补足语:
常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:
动词不定式
动词不定式一、不定式的三种形式:to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done二、不定式的句法功能(1)宾语but/except + do / to doe.g. We have no choice but to wait.We can do nothing but wait.(2) 定语●不定式作后置定语时,不能遗漏所需的介词。
e.g. I want a bookcase to put my books in.Della had only ten dollars to buy a present with.Please find me a knife to cut this loaf of bread with.He is a nice person to work with.这种形式可转化为:介词+which/whom+不定式I want a bookcase in which to put my books.Della had only ten dollars with which to buy a present.He is a nice person with whom to work with.●To do / to be done 作定语时往往具有将来意义。
e.g. The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important.c.f. The question being discussed now is very important.The question discussed yesterday is very important.(3) 状语目的状语:to do sth., in order to do sth. 位于句首做目的状语so as to do sth.不可位于句首没有for doing sth.作目的状语的形式结果状语only to do sth. 强调出乎意料的结果往往是令人失望的结果。
不定式的用法教师版
不定式的用法教师版一、不定式的时态和语态很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很高兴和你一起共事。
I am very glad to be working with you.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。
I think it's an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.二、不定式的句法功能1.不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语可以用于句首像那样做是愚蠢的。
To act like that is foolish.(2) 不定式作主语也可以用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式短语置于句末。
并常用于以下句式中:①It+be+名词+to do照顾老人是我们的职责。
It's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to do你花了多久完成这个工作?How long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do你抽这么多烟对身体很不好。
It is not good for you to smoke so much.注:在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do把老师说的一切都记下来是不明智的。
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.注:在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless , brave, considerate, selfish等表示赞扬或批评的词。
不定式用法大全
不定式不定式在句中起着名词、形容词或副词的作用,无人称和数的变化;不能充当句子的谓语。
但它具有动词的某些特征,如可以带有自己的宾语、状语等。
1.不定式的形式及其意义。
(1). 不定式一般式表示动作即将发生或发生时间不明确。
I have a lot of things to do.I’m pleased to see you here.I like to swim in that river.She asks to be treated equally.(2). 不定式完成式表示动作先于谓语动作表示的动作之前发生完成。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The telephone is considered to have been invented by Bell.(3) 不定式的进行式表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
Mary seems to be thinking deeply.The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.2.不定式的句法功能不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语及补语等。
(1)作主语To see is to believe.To live in China is Mr. Smith’s dream. (=It is Mr. Smith dream to live in China.)It is important for you to tell the truth.(2)宾语不定式常接在一些动词如“want, expect, hope, wish, decide, promise, agree, pretend, demand, desire”等后作宾语。
She promised to come at nine o’clock.I wish to have another day off.“疑问词+不定式”结构即可充当动词的宾语,也可充当介词的宾语。
不定式的句法功能
不定式的句法功能不定式句法功能一、作主语不定式在句中作主语,相当于名词或代词所起的作用。
不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替,然后将不定期式置于句尾。
1、To learn an art is very hard.It is very hard to to learn an art.学习一门艺术很难。
2、To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work.掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆。
特别提示:it 作形式主语常用的句式It+be+形容词+不定式---It’s hard to say which lifestyle is better.很难说哪一种生活方式更好些。
It’s mot necessary to get up so early.没有必要起那么早。
It +be +名词+不定式---It was great fun to have a picnic there .在那里野餐很有趣。
It is a great pleasure to work with you .和你一起工作非常愉快。
It +动词+名词/副词+不定式---It took me 2 hours to finish my homework.做完作业花了我两个小时的时间。
二、作表语不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责、或性质”等。
Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.我们的职责就是帮助孩子们更好成长。
He seemed to know everything about this matter.对这件事情他似乎什么都知道。
三、作宾语1、不定式可以作某些动词的宾语I really like to watch football matches.我非常喜欢看足球赛。
How I wish to see my ole friends again.我是多么想再见到我的老朋友啊。
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不定式的句法功能归纳非谓语动词之不定式非谓语动词及可以做的句法成分一览表:动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题不定式虽然不能做谓语,但保留着动词的特征,可带有自己的宾语和状语,从而形成不定式短语。
不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。
一、做主语(1)英语中,不定式短语可放在句首充当句子的主语。
如:To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。
(2)但为了使句子平衡,常用it做形式主语放在句首,而将真正的主语——不定式放到句末,特别是在疑问句及感叹句中必须采用这种方式。
如:It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
Is it necessary to bring an umbrella today? 今天带雨伞有必要吗?(3)不定式做主语时,不能有单独的名词或代词做逻辑主语,而应用for sb. /of sb. 做它的逻辑主语,当不定式表示对逻辑主语的利害关系时,用for sb;当不定式用来对逻辑主语表示赞美或责备时,用of sb。
如:It is not good for your eye to read in the sun. 在阳光下看对你的眼睛不好。
It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们,真是太好了。
二、做宾语(1)在英语中,不定式可用来做宾语。
如:He agrees to go with us. 他同意跟我们一起去。
I want to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 我想买一本汉英词典。
(2)不定式做宾语时须注意:A.不定式并不是可做任何及物动词的宾语。
能接不定式做宾语的动词有:afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, desire, demand, determine, elect, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, know, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend, prefer, refuse, require, start, try, wait, want, wish, wonder. 如:I can’t afford to buy such an expensive compu ter. 我买不起这么昂贵的电脑。
He decided to work in that factory. 他决定去那家工厂工作。
B. 做宾语的不定式如果带有自己的补足语,则须用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于补足语之后。
如:Do you think it necessary to master a foreign language? 你认为掌握一门外语有必要吗?I find it interesting to stay with you. 我发觉与你呆在一起很有趣。
C. 不定式一般不做介词的宾语,但可做介词but, except的宾语,并且,当but, except 前面如果有动词do时,不定式的to须省略。
如:He said nothing except to go away. 他一话没说就走了。
Now we can’t do anything but wait for him. 现在我们只能等待他。
三、做宾语的补足语不定式做宾语的补足语须从三个方面来掌握。
(1)动词接动词不定式做宾语的补足语时,不定式的to不能省略。
这样的动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, order, permit, persuade, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, call on, wait for, long for。
如:The teacher advised us to learn through experiment. 老师劝我们通过实验来学习。
They didn’t allow us to enter the hall. 他们不允许我们进入大厅。
(2)动词接动词不定式做宾语的补足语时,不定式的to须省略。
这样的动词有:have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe ,但它们变为被动语态时,不定式的to不能省略。
如The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. — The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss. 过去老板使工人们每天工作十多个小时。
I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. —Li Lei was seen to fall down from his bike. 我看见李蕾从单车上摔了下来。
四、做表语(1)不定式短语可用来做系动词的表语。
如:My hope is to become a scientist like Einstein. 我的希望就是做一个像爱因斯坦那样的科学家。
My job is to teach English. 我的工作就是教英语。
(2)不定式做表语时须注意两点:A.一般说来,不定式前面的to不能省略,但当主语部分含有动词do时,to须省略。
如:What I want is to visit the History Museum now. 我所想的就是现在去参观历史博物馆。
What he wants to do is go swimming in that river. 他想做的事就是去河里游泳。
B. 不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,表示主语的责任、义务或将来的行为;当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,不定式是表语,表示主语的内容或性质。
如:We are to keep the order in the street. 我们将去街上维持秩序。
(将来时)Our job is to keep the order in the street. 我们的工作是维持街上的秩序。
(系表结构)五、做定语(1)不定式做定语时,一般放在所修饰的名词、代词之后,表示即将发生的动作。
如:We have much work to do. 我们有很多事情要做。
I have a letter to answer. 我有一封信要回复。
(2)不定式做定语时,中心词与不定式的关系:A.主谓关系,即:中心词是不定式的逻辑主语。
如:Li Lei was the first student to come into the classroom this morning. 今天早晨李蕾是第一个进教室的学生。
Liu Ying was the very girl to meet you. 刘英正是来接你的那个女孩子。
B. 动宾关系,即:中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
如:Do you have anything to do now? 你现在有事情要做吗?I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗。
当不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系时,不定式中的动词须为及物动词,若是不及物动词,不定式后须加上适当的介词。
如:Go ahead, please. I have a friend to wait for here. 请先走吧,我还有个朋友要在这儿等。
C. 说明关系,即:不定式是中心词的内容。
如:I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 我做了一个像鸟儿在天上飞的梦I have a wish to go to college. 我有一个上大学的愿望。
六、做状语不定式做状语,可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。
A.表目的表目的时,不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。
但在句子前面时,不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。
如:To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 为了按时到达那儿,我们早晨五点就出发了。
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。
比较:to do, in order to do, so as to do都可表示目的,但to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首,又可在句末;而so as to do只能在句末(from )。
In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. —He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. / He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house. 为了建房,昨天他买来了木料和钢材。
B. 表结果不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果,不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。
(1)表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式,常表示出乎意料的结果,并且,不定式前常有never, only等副词修饰。
如:I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时,发现火车已经开走了。
I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室,结果发现教室是空的。
(2)在“so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。
如:The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美,每年都要吸引很多人来这里。