英语语言学function of language课件

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英语语言学function of language知识分享

Referential: to convey message and information Poetic: to indulge in language for its own sake Emotive: to express attitudes, feelings and emotions Conative: to persuade and influence others through
Ideational metafunction
The ideational function is language concerned with building and maintaining a theory of experience. It includes the experiential function and the logical function.
Halliday’s view
Interpersonal metafunction
The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical s that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
元语言功能（弄清意图、词语和意义）。
Halliday’s view
From early on in his account of language, Halliday has argued that it is inherently functional. His early papers on the grammar of English make reference to the "functional components" of language, as "generalized uses of language, which, since they seem to determine the nature of the language system, require to be incorporated into our account of that system." Halliday argues that this functional organization of language "determines the form taken by grammatical structure".

英语语言学概论METAFUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE4

logical–semantic relationships between one clausal unit and another”. 指的是是语言对两个或两个以上的意义单位之间逻辑关系的表达。
Attitude
Evluation
Ideational ≈ Descriptive
Feelings
Emotions
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Logic function
Textual Halliday describes the logical function as those systems “which set up
“In terms of the functions that language evmolevteadfutnocsteiornve”
all langsuyasgteesmaicrefuconncstiidoenraeldlitnogbueissthiacpsed and
organised in relation to three functions, or metafunctions.
IndicSapteeaker’s role
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MainAtasinsessment
TextuaTlexts
Halliday argues that both experiential and interpersonal functions are intricately organized, but that between the two “there is comparatively very little constraint”. This means that “by and large, you can put any interactional ‘spin’ on any representational content”. What allows meanings from these two modes to freely combine is the intercession of a third, distinct mode of meaning that Halliday refers to as the textual function. The term encompasses all of the grammatical systems responsible for managing the flow of discourse.

Features-of-Language上课讲义

4.Displacement（移位性）
• Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined,past,present or future.
• For example ：honeybee（蜜蜂）
• No animal communication system possesses this feature.
• (1)The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
•.
• (2) In different languages, different
sounds are used to refer to the same
object.
• For example,房子：house(英语)
•
casa（西班牙语）
• Language is not entirely arbitrary; some words are motivated, i.e., there seems to be some logical association between sounds and meaning.
• For example, a person can be the speaker while the other person is the listener and as the turn moves on to the listener, he can be the speaker and the first speaker is to listen
• (1) onomatopoeic （拟声的）motivation

语言学 Functions of language

the ideational function
Language serves for the expression of ‘content’: that is, of the speaker’s experience of the real world, including the inner world of his own consciousness. We may call this the ideational function.
well. （表明说话人的社会地
位、态度、判断等）
Elizabeth, Lizzy, my dear, Mummy, your majesty…
---Your Majesty（女王陛下）, my party has won the election, and so I ask your permission to form a... (----No, Mr Blair. I ask the question. )
（只有20%语言用于描述事实或传递信息）
--- Eugene Nida
Interpersonal function （人际功能）
Language can be used to help people
interact with each other in a society, （与人交际）
to express the speaker’s status, social position, attitudes, and his judgment as
Informative function信息功能
Whenever we
ask people for information or tell others about our circumstances and things alike,

英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language课件

e.g We have different hobbies:I like traveling while you don’t like it.
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Ideational function（概念元功能）
• Ideational function comprises two components, the experiential function and the logical function.
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Thanks!
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
• Textual function is represented through two categories of resources, structural resources which consist of thematic structure and thematic progression, and nonstructural resources which comprise all kinds of cohesive device.
“the speaker’s emotions,judgment and attitudes”.
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Textual function (语篇元功能)
• The textual function is to organize written or spoken texts in such a manner to fit the particular situation in which they are used.

语言学课件：functions of language

metafunctions 元------ the larger, more general purposes underlying language use.
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7 specific functions:
1.emotive (expressive) function: releases feelings. Swear words, obscenities, exclamation , involuntary verbal reactions.
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Four phases of English 1 old English 2 Middle English 3 Early Modern English 4 Present-day English
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A historical study of language is a __ study of language.
ie, to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language and make
them the subjects of study of linguistics.
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Langue /parole
1 what is social from what is individual. 2 what is essential from what is
When we speak or write, we usually don’t confine ourselves to single phrases or sentences; we string them together to form a text. There are expressions that refer backwards and forwards, or substitute for others, or link phrases or sentences. They play the role of bringing units of language into unity.

英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language1

The ideational function is divided into experiential function and logical function. The experiential function refers to the grammatical choices that enable speakers to make convey meanings about the real or imaginary world. The logical function refers to those systems which set up logical semantic relationships between one clausal unit and another. When two clauses are combined, the speaker can give both clauses equal status, or make one dependent on the other.
一线工程师擅长放疗物理电子电气信息移动互联网等多方面领域
Metafunctions of Language
小组成员：徐艳红吴丽丹钱婷婷殷秋琼李文婷周兰花
Ideational function
The ideational function is to build and maintain a theory of experience. It includes the expression of the speaker’s attitude, evaluation, feelings and emotions, e.g. “I understand your concealed thought.”InBiblioteka erpersonal function

英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language3

• 语言对人们在现实世 • 语言对两个或两个以
界包括内心世界中的上的意义单位之间逻
各种经历的表达。
辑关系的表达。
Interpersonal function 人际功能
• The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical choices that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
• 用各种语言手段将语篇中的各个句子连接成一篇连贯的文章的功能
• 先有大脑的思考和思想
• 然后是把自己大脑中的思考和思想拿出来与人交流
• 并在与人交流的过程中还要把各种思想按照一定的事理逻辑组合成一个衔接和连贯的整体，以达到自己说话的目的
Thank you
Metafunctions of Language
Halliday's Model
12英语2班王晓珏仇丹妮潘冬菊袁承敏吴爱婷尹苗苗
Metafunction 纯理功能
Ideational function 概念功能
InterperBiblioteka onal function 人际功能
Textual function 语篇功能
Ideational function
概念功能
• The ideational function is language concerned with building and maintaining a theory of experience. It includes the experiential function （经验功能）and the logical function（逻辑功能）.

Lecture 4：Functionsof Language

2.5 Phatic Communion
It refers to the social interaction of language, e.g. Good morning! Nice day!
2.6 Recreational Function
The recreational function of a language is often overlooked because it seems restrictive in purpose and supposedly limited in usefulness. For example, poetry writing gives them the pleasure of using language for its sheer beauty.
We talk about our relations with others in terms of (1) familiarity, (2) emotional distance, and (3) formality and so on.
For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves such as “Dear Sir “ (or Madam), “Dear professor”, “Johnny”, “yours”, “your obedient servant” indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations. It is interactional and attitudinal.
2. Functions of language

英语语言学function of language课件

words and meanings. eg.We say make is a verb and he is a pronoun.
英语语言学function of language
Functions of language
Context referential
Addresser Emotive e.g. intonation showing anger
my group member's view
phatic function directive function informative function interrogative function expressive function evocative function performative function
英语语言学function of language
Ideational metafunction
The ideational function is language concerned with building and maintaining a theory of experience. It includes the experiential function and the logical function.
Six primary factors of any speech event: speaker, addressee, context, message, code, contact.
Jakobson’s well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication:

functions-of-language语言的功能PPT课件

functions of language
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1
Jakobson's model of the functions of language distinguishes six elements, or factors of communication, that are necessary for communication to occur: (1) context, (2) addresser (sender), (3) addressee (receiver), (4) contact, (5) common code and (6) message.
-
5
: These six functions can be described as follows: (1)the referential function is oriented toward
the context (the dominant function in a message like 'Water boils at 100 degrees'); (2)the emotive function is oriented toward the addresser (as in the interjections 'Bah!' and 'Oh!'); (3)the conative function is oriented toward the addressee (imperatives and apostrophes);
-
2
Each factor is the focal point of a relation, or function, that operates between the message and the factor.

英语语言学

5)Cultural transmission:Though endowed with the physiological basis for mastering a language, the human being is not inborn with the capability of language and has to be placed in a specific cultural environment so as to grasp a language.文化传递性，指语言是一种传递文化的方式
英语语言学
一、语言的特点和功能（Features and Functions of Language）
语言：Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication
1. Features of Language（言的特点）
2)Interpersonal: People establish and maintain their identity in the society by this function人际功能，指人们通过语言来建立、维持其社会地位。
3)Performative: This is a function where by the language influences directly on the reality, such as the sentence of imprisonment by the judge, the naming of a certain ship and the curses as believed by the ancient people.施为功能，指人们通过语来实现让他人完成某个人物的功能。此概念来自Austin和Searle，属于语用学（Pragmatics）的范畴。

英语语言学概论Metafunctions-of-Language2

• Textual function(语篇功能 )：refers to the fact that
language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.
• Halliday argues that these encounters. It expresses the speaker’s role in the speech situation, his personal commitment and assessment of the social relationship between the addressee and himself.
• based on the claim that a speaker not only talks about something, but is always talking to and with others. Language not only construes experience, but simultaneously acts out “the interpersonal encounters that are essential to our survival”.
Metafunctions 元功能
• Ideational function (概念功能)： aims to reveal that
language is a means of social interaction, based on the position that language system and the forms that make it up are inescapably determined by the uses or functions which they serve.

英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language课件

英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Thanks!
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Interpersonal function（人际元功能)
• The interpersonal function is to express the speaker’s role in the speech situation to indicate, establish, or maintain social relationships.
英语语言学概论metafunctionsoflanguagemetafunctionsoflanguagehallidaysmodel12英语2班丁王婷陈楠刘燕妹庞林艳高志鹏翟小波英语语言学概论metafunctionsoflanguagehallidaysthreemetafunctionsoflanguageideationalfunction概念元功能interpersonalfunction人际元功能textualfunction语篇元功能英语语言学概论metafunctionsoflanguageideationalfunction概念元功能?theideationalfunctionistoorganizepeoplesexperienceoftherealorimaginaryworldsuchasaperso
Interpersonal function （人际元功能)
Textual function (语篇元功能)
英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language
Ideational function（概念元功能）

语言学教程PPT文字版1

Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.-- Our textbook (widely-accepted definition) ( 2001)Key words:system; arbitrary; vocal;symbol; human communicationLanguage is a system: Elements of language are combined according to rules.Language is arbitrary: There is no close connection between a word and the object it refers to. Language is symbolic: Words are associated with objects, actions, ideas, concepts etc. by nothing but convention.Language is vocal: sound or speech is the primary medium for all human languages.Language is human: in the sense that language is human specific.1.2 Design Features of LanguageArbitrariness （任意性）Duality （二重性）Creativity （创造性）Displacement（移位性）Arbitrariness:The forms of language signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.(Saussure)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words:The dog barks wow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese."A rose by any other name wold smell as sweet."Duality:Language has 2 levels of structures: sounds & meanings.A small number of sounds can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning. The units of meanings can be grouped and regrouped into an infinite number of sentences.(Lyons)Creativity:We can understand and create sentences that we never heard before.It comes from 2 features: duality & recursiveness (递归性)e.g. He got the present from his teacher who taught him a lesson that…Displacement:Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present ( in time and space) at the moment of communication.1.4 Functions of LanguageInformative (ideational)（信息功能）Interpersonal function （人际功能）Performative （行事功能）Emotive function （情感功能）Phatic communion （寒暄交际）Recreational function（消遣功能）Metalingual function (元语言功能)Informative( descriptive) :To tell the fact and describe the material world. e.g :I have a book.Interpersonal function: To establish or maintain social status. e.g: Dear SirPerformative : To perform certain action by uttering certain words or sentences. e.g: the priest says:” I announce you husband and wife.”Emotive function( expressive): To express immediate feelings or the reaction to the immediate situation. e.g: “god!”Phatic communion: To create an atmosphere, or maintain social contact. e.g: greetings, comments and farewells.Recreational function: To recreate. e.g: poetry writing gives them the pleasure of using language for its sheer beauty.Metalingual function: To make the language infinitely self-reflexive.Phatic communion: To create an atmosphere, or maintain social contact. e.g: greetings, comments and farewells.Recreational function: To recreate. e.g: poetry writing gives them the pleasure of using language for its sheer beauty.Metalingual function: To make the language infinitely self-reflexive.1.5 What is linguistics?“Linguistics is the scientific study of language.”1.6 Main branches of linguisticsPhonetics (语音学)Phonology(音系学)Morphology (形态学)Syntax (句法学)Semantics (语义学)Pragmatics (语用学)Phonetics and Phonology (the sounds and the sound system or patterns)Morphology (the structure of words)Syntax (the structure of phrases and sentences and the constraints on well-formedness of sentences)Semantics (the meaning of words and sentences)Pragmatics (the way language is used to communicate)1.8 Important distinctions in linguisticsDescriptive vs. Prescriptive描写式VS 规定式Synchronic vs. Diachronic共时性VS历时性Langue vs. Parole语言VS 言语Competence vs. Performance语言能力VS语言运用Etic vs. Emic非位学（素学）VS 位学Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, not prescriptive. Why?--Objective description helps to see the nature of language.--Language changes through time: new words and structures arise to satisfy up-to-date communication.The nature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescriptionLangue: the linguistic competence of the speaker, it is usually abstract, stable, systematic.Parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics, it is usually specific and changeable.The Distinction between Langue and ParoleLangue: Parole:--potential --actual--social --individual--language in general --language behavior--a set of conventions --concrete use of the rules--abstract --specific--stable --situationalSaussure‟s purpose to distinguish …langue‟ and …parole‟: To discover the regularities governing the actual use of language and make them the subjects of the study of linguistics.。