初三英语定语从句用法详解

初三英语定语从句用法详解1、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

(尤其是限制性定语从句)（定语在汉语中常用……的表示。

它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。

单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。

）二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1、限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去2、非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法1、that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

M ary likes music that is quiet and gentle、玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

(that 作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue、我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)2、which用于指物 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket、位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful、我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

(作宾语)3、who, whom用于指人 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England、经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）Do you like the book whose color is yellow?Do you like the book the color ofwhich is yellow? I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in 、 I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in 、5、关系词的区别（1）关系词只能用that的情况: a、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 He was the first person that passed the exam、他是第一个通过考试的人。

b 、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some，the one等不定代词时， Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c、先行词被由the only ,the very, the same, thelast ,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each 等修饰时、 This is the same bike that I lost、这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d 、先行词里同时含有人或物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room、我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e 、以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f、主句是there be 结构 There is an old man who wants to see you 、There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom、桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（2）关系词不用that 的情况: a、先行词为that, those时What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b、关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which he lives、这是他居住的房间。

c 、引导非限制性定语从句 Tom came back, which made us happy、汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

（in/on/at/during +which） This was the time when he arrived、这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。

(in/at+which)This is place where he works、这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。

（for/which）Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school、没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

六、图形总结如下从句缺主语who,that 先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略关系代词从句缺定语whose 从句缺主语which，that先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略关系代词从句缺定语whose 指时间 when 指地点where 关系副词指原因why 练习一I、单项选择。

1、-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?--Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher、A、 heB、 thatC、 whomD、 which2、I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble、A、 whoB、 whichC、 theyD、 where3、 The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada、A、 whichB、 whenC、 whoD、 whom4、 George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing、B、 whomC、 heD、 which5、 This is the place _____I have ever visited、A、 thereB、 whenC、 whereD、 which6、 Nobody knows the rea son ______ she didn’t come to the meeting、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whyD、 when7、 The moon is a world ______ there is no life、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whereD、 why8、 He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived、A、 whenC、 thatD、 which9、 He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family、A、 whenB、 whereC、 thatD、 on which10、 Mr、 White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman、A、 whoB、 thatC、 whoseD、 which11、He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whenD、 where12、 This is the house _______ I want to buy、A、 in whichB、 thatC、 whoseD、 where13、 This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked、A、 whichB、 thatC、 whenD、 where14、He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whenD、 where15、 He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station、A、 thatB、 whichC、 where16、 I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance、A、 howB、 whichC、 whereD、 that17、 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _______, of course, made the others envy him、A、 whoB、 thatC、 whatD、 which18、 American women usually identify their bestfriend as someone ________ they can talk frequently、A、 whoB、 asC、 about whichD、 with whom19、 The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village、B、 thatC、 whenD、 where20、 The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in1930 he came to Shanghai、A、 whenB、 wheneverC、 whereD、 wherever21、A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever andqualified noblemen at court、A、 whenB、 whereC、 whatD、 that22、 The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in、A、 theyB、 itD、 which23、 Is this factory ______ you worked at?A、 the oneB、 whichC、 thatD、 where24、 Is this the factory _______ you worked?A、 whereB、 whichC、 thatD、 the one25、-Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?---Yes, he does、A、 whichB、 whoseC、 whereD、 who26、 The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important、A、 whoC、 whatD、 that27、-Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?---He has gone back to Qinghua University、A、 whomB、 whoC、 whoseD、 which28、 I hate people _______ talk much but do little、A、 whoseB、 whomC、 whichD、 who29、 Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?A、 whoB、 thatC、 whomD、 whose30、 Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A、 whichB、 whenC、 whoD、 where二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1、The boys________ are playing football are from Class One、2、 Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at7 tomorrow、3、 Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus、4、 The professor ________ you are waiting for has come、5、 Football is a game _______is liked by most boys、6、 He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers、7、 This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday、8、We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked、9、 Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?10、 The season_________ comes after spring is summer、11、I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country、12、 He has a friend ______ father is a doctor、13、 I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in、14、 I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school、15、 The time _______ we got together finally arrived、16、 Shanghai is the city ______ I was born、17、 The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down、18、 Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane、19、 The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us、20、 All the people ______are present burst into tears、21、There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are well educated、22、 He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy、23、 The school ______ he once studied is very famous、24、Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked、25、 This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday、练习四1、The house ____ we live is not big、A、 in thatB、 whichC、 in whichD、 that2、 He talked about the lectures and schools ____ he had visited、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whoD、 whom3、 The scientist the teacher is talking ____ is leaving for Beijing、A、 to himB、 whomC、 toD、 to that4、 I who ____ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you、A、 isB、 areC、 wereD、 am5、 ____ they could do was to work hard、A、 AllB、 All whatC、 All whichD、 That6、Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?A、 thatB、 whichC、 forD、 why7、 The room ____ windows face south is his、A、 thatB、 whichC、 whoseD、who’s8、 The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice、A、 whereB、 whichC、 thatD、 when9、 The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice、A、 whereB、 whichC、 thatD、 when10、 The first time ____ I saw her was in1989、A、 whenB、 whichC、 thatD、 as11、Pay attention to all ____ I do、A、 whichB、 in whichC、 whatD、 that12、I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me、A、 whichB、 themC、 whatD、 that13、 Is there anything ____ I can do for you?A、 whatB、 whichC、 thatD、 it14、The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor、A、 whoB、 herC、 whoseD、 /15、The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers、A、 which; itB、 that; itC、 it; /D、 /16、 I have the same trouble ____ you have、A、 thatB、 whichC、 asD、what17 It’s the very book ____ I want to find、A、 whichB、 thatC、 itD、 so18、 He is the only one of the boys who ____ English for four years、A、 has learnt。