仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson 9

A
C
are approaching from.
In a Standard Pattern
arriving from sector:
A - use Parallel entry
B
C
B - use Teardrop entry
C - use Direct entry
Holds Method # 2
Use the visualization aid and place it onto the heading indicator to determine which sector the inbound leg falls into.
Holding (cont.)
Holding Pattern Descriptive Terms
Holds (cont.)
Hold Entries:
1. Direct 2. Teardrop 3. Parallel
*Designed to contain aircraft within “protected airspace” throughout entry.
Holds (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Hold entries (cont.)
Hold entries (cont.)
Hold entries (cont.)
Hold entries (cont.)
Holds (cont.)
Examples of published holds on L-charts & Arrival charts
Note that these holds allow a Direct entry
Holds Method # 1
The AIM’s recommendation for proper pattern entry
holding course (if not published) 4. Length of outbound leg if DME hold 5. Direction of turns if left (nonstandard) 6. EFC (expect further clearance time)
Eg. “Hold southwest on the 210 radial”, aircraft heading is 270. The 210 radial falls in the parallel entry sector.
•For left hand patterns the left side of the pencil is raised.
At or below 14,000’ MSL – 1 minute Above 14,000’ MSL – 1 ½ minutes
*Adjust outbound time to achieve inbound time.
Holding (cont.)
Max Holding Speeds:
6,000’ or less 200 KIAS 6,001’ – 14,000’ 230 KIAS 14,001’ and up 265 KIAS
A
C
B
C
B
C
Standard Hold
A
CБайду номын сангаас
Non-standard Hold
Holds Method # 1 (cont.)
Use a visualization aid
C
and place it onto the
holding fix. Then visualize which side you
Sierra Academy of Aeronautics IR Ground
Lesson 9 Holds
Holding
A place to “pull over” in the air for spacing or altitude adjustments.
Standard (Right) vs. Nonstandard (Left) Timing (Inbound Leg):
Holds (cont.)
DME Holds: Inbound leg away from NAVAID
Holds (cont.)
DME Holds: Inbound leg toward NAVAID
Holds (cont.)
Wind Correction in Holds
– Remain on the holding side (protected airspace). – Note the wind correction angle required to maintain
*Sometimes published as 210 KIAS or 175 KIAS *Must slow down within 3 minutes of arriving at
fix.
Holds (cont.)
Holding Instructions:
1. Direction of hold from fix (i.e.. N,SE…) 2. Name of holding fix 3. Radial, bearing, or airway to use for
Right Turns (standard) Left Turns (non-standard)
Holds (cont.)
An easy way to remember: Imagine a pencil held horizontally across the DG. For a right hand pattern raise the right side of the pencil 20 deg. Label the top sectors Parallel and Teardrop, the bottom one Direct. Whatever sector the assigned radial falls in determines the correct entry.