关于权利法案第一条的认识

关于权利法案第一条的认识

权利法案是一部伟大的法律，它的影响范围绝对不仅仅是美利坚合众国，它对世界的民主进程的推动有着极大的借鉴意义。当今中国正走在探索民主的道路上，因此研究权利法案对于我们也有着很大的意义。我作为一个中国法律的初学者，怀着崇高的敬意对权利法案作一个个人的见解。如有不当之处请多多指正！

第一条：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

首先我们看第一段“不得确立国教或禁止信教的自由”。这就以法律的形式确立了宗教信仰自由的原则，但同时也说明宗教不得干预政治。信仰宗教在西方社会是一件很普遍的事，大约有97%的人口有宗教信仰。在他们看来宗教信仰是一种天赋的权利。宗教是多元的。有很多宗教以及教派，而且有影响范围大小、信教徒寡众之分，但是他们在法律地位上都是相同的，因此保护宗教自由同时也禁止宗教歧视。宗教不得干预政治，这是保障民主自由的一个很重要的措施。因为在历史上有先例可循，如中世纪的欧洲。宗教不得干预政治，反过来政治也不得干预宗教自由。宗教是人与神心灵之间的一种契约，因此任何人和政府都不得强制干预。但是宗教与宪法有矛盾时，既要尊重人们的信仰自由，又要求个人在行为上有所约束，即不得有与宪法规定相佐的行为。这也体现了宪法至上原则，也是社会契约的一种体现。

其次第二段“不得剥夺言论自由或者出版自由”。言论自由是自由里面最重要的一部分，可以说所有自由的根源都来源于言论自由，或者通过言论自由来体现出来。在言论自由的民主社会里公民可以对政府的任何行为进行讨论和批评而不必担心受到惩罚与报复，这也是区别于专制独裁政府的一个标志。没有政治言论自由就没有民主社会这是权利法案背后制定者的一个共识。这也是当今评价民主社会建设程度的一个标准。言论自由可以纠正政府的许多决策错误，这样的例子有很多很多。就像当今很流行的微博一样，大家可以第一时间畅所欲言，很多事实真相都是来源于那区区的140字。言论自由是民主政治的核心。一句名言结束这一段：我不赞成你所说的每一句话，但是我誓死捍卫你说话的权利！

最后第三段“不得剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利”。富兰克林罗斯福曾经说过游行示威是人类四项基本自由权利之一。集会示威也是表达意见的一种方式，是表达权的一部分。比如1997年北约联军轰炸了我国驻南联盟大使馆，全国各地组织了许多示威游行对于此事件表达抗议。当然这种集会应当是以和平的方式进行的。但是由于集会通常都无法从始至终处在可掌控的范围内，很多时候集会会引发暴力冲突。所以当今世界在许多国家这种集会的自由权利被越来越加以限制。请愿伸冤这是公民的权利受到侵害时向他所依赖的政府申请救济的一种方式。这通常也以集会的方式表现出来。我们可以说集会有对外和对内之分，对外即示威抗议，而对内则就是请愿伸冤。但是无论如何这是公民的最基本的权利，也是衡量一个国家民主进程的一个标准。

The Awareness OF The Bill OF Rights Article 1

The Bill of Rights is a great law ,which not only influence the United States of America , it's useful for conference about the process of the world democracy.

. Today’s China is exploring the main road, thus study the Bill OF Rights also has a great significance for us. As a Chinese legal for beginner, I have a great respect for the Bill OF Rights . If there is anything wrong please correct me !

Article I

Congress shall make no law about the follow things, such as establishing church of USA, or prohibiting the free of selecting religious faith; abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or depriving the people’s rights of peace rally, and the right on petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

First we look at the first paragraph " must n’t establish the church of USA, or prohibit the free of selecting religious faith."This in legal form establishes the principle of religious freedom , but it also shows that religion must not have interfere in politics. Religious beliefs in Western society is a very common thing, there’s about 97 % of the population of westerns have religious beliefs . In their view, religion is a natural right . Religion is diverse. There are many religions and religious sects, and they have difference in the ranges of influence and the amount of Christians, but they are equal under the low, thus protecting religious freedom also prohibiting religious discrimination . Religion must not interfere in politics , which is an important measure to protect democracy and freedom. Because it had precedents in history , such as the medieval Europe . Religion must not interfere in politics , in turn, politics can not interfere in the religion . Religion is a kind of contract in soul between man and God, so that any person or government shall not have compulsory intervention. However, sometimes there are conflicts between religion and the Constitution , we must respect people's freedom of belief , but also require individuals to behave somewhat constrained ,which means people’s activities shall not be at odds with the constitutional provisions . It reflects Constitution supremacy, at the same time, it’s a reflection of the social contract.

Second paragraph, “abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ." The free speech is the most important part of freedom, we can say that the freedom of speech is the origin of all kinds freedom, we also can say that it reflected by free speech . In the democratic society of free speech, citizens have the rights to discuss or criticize government’s any actions without fear of retribution or revenge ,

which is a sign know from the autocratic government. It’s a common view on The Bill OF Rights’constitutor that without free speech in policy, there will also without democratic society. It is also a standard to assess today’s building degree of democratic society. Freedom of expression can correct government’s many mistakes on decision-making, there are o lot of such examples . Just as the very popular micro -Bo , we can speak