英国权利法案(1689) - 360文档中心

人教版历史九上第11课《英国资产阶级革命》《权利法案》颁布的时间、目的、内容、和作用

考点：《权利法案》颁布的时间、目的、内容、和作用1.《权利法案》：时间：1689年目的：限制王权内容：规定不经议会的批准，国王不能征税（财政权），也不能在和平时期维持常备军（军权）；同时，还规定国王既不能随意废除法律，也不能停止法律的执行（立法权）。

《权利法案》的作用：（1）以法律形式对国王的权利进行了明确的制约，为限制王权提供了法律保障；（2）君主立宪制的资产阶级统治开始确立起来。

2.英国资产阶级革命前后国家权力中心的变化：（拓展点）英国资产阶级革命前夕英国处于封建专制统治之下，王权至高无上。

而1689年《权利法案》的通过后，国王虽然是国家元首，但权力受到议会和法律的制约，处于统而不治的地位，逐渐成为国家的象征。

《权利法案》限制了国王的权利，扩大了议会的权利，使英国权利中心由国王转向议会。

易错微析英国资产阶级统治确立的标志易错：英国资产阶级统治确立的标志是《权利法案》的颁布而不是宫廷政变。

1688年的光荣革命只是英国资产阶级革命胜利结束的标志，这是因为这个事件后资产阶级确立了统治的政权。

而1689年，英国议会通过《权利法案》，以法律条文的形式来明确资产阶级和新贵族统治的合法性，使法律具有至高无上的地位，从而最终确立了君主立宪制的资产阶级统治。

例题1英国君主立宪制的资产阶级统治确立的标志是（）A.查理一世被送上断头台B.英国宣布成立共和国C.克伦威尔担任“护国主”D.议会通过《权利法案》答案：D解析：1689年英国议会颁布《权利法案》，标志着君主立宪制的资产阶级统治开始确立起来，故选D。

例题2《权利法案》是英国历史上的重要文献，下列有关它的表述正确的是（）①是在克伦威尔主持下制定的一部具有宪法性质的文献②颁布于1689年，目的是限制国王的权利③以法律的形式对英国国王的权利进行了明显的制约④它的颁布，标志着君主立宪制的资产阶级统治在英国开始确立起来A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④答案：D解析：本题考查的是有关《权利法案》的史实。

君主立宪制的确立和责任内阁制

君主立宪制的确立和责任内阁制、政党制度(1)1689年颁布《权利法案》国王的权力受到议会的限制，英国建立了君主立宪制政体。

《权利法案》内容：未经议会同意，国王无权废除法律或停止法律的执行；未经议会同意，国王不能征税；未经议会同意，同王不能在和平时期招募或维持常备军；议会必须定期召开；议员的选举不受国王的干涉，议会议员拥有言论自由等。

“光荣革命”后，英国实行议会与国王共同统治，统治方式从人治转向法治。

英国社会从此进入了长期稳定发展的时期。

《权利法案》是用法律形式对议会主权至上原则的认定．英国从此确立了君主立宪制。

(2) 责任内阁制的形成“光荣革命”前。

英国国王挑选少数贵族充当顾问和助手，分管政府几个部门的工作，他们经常在一间小密室开会。

“内阁”和“内阁会议”由此得名，。

光荣革命”后，国王逐渐退出内阁．成为“统而不治”的国家元首。

内阁承担实际行政职责，其权力和重要性也随之加强。

18世纪以后．国王不再出席内阁会议。

l721年，担任财政大臣的罗伯特?沃波尔(又译沃尔波尔)经常主持内阁会议，协调各部门的工作。

英国的责任内阁制开始逐渐形成．沃波尔是英国历史上第一任内阁首相。

19世纪中叶，责任内阁制在英国确立下来。

责任内阁制简称内阁，内阁的首脑是首相，内阁成员是各部大臣。

内阁全体成员对政府事务集体负责，并与首相在政治上共进退如果议会通过了对政府的不信任案，内阁就要下台，或者宣布解散议会，重新进行进举。

（3）英国是世界上较早实行两党制的国家之一，英国最初的两个主要党派是自由党和保守党，又被叫做辉格党和托利党。

在英国工业革命之后主要的执政党是自由党。

进入20世纪以后，随着资本主义自由贸易政策不再受推崇，取代自由党的是工党，英国的两大党派随之变成了保守党和工党。

1689年权利法案

1689年权利法案1689年权利法案，也称为英国权利法案（Bill of Rights），是英国历史上一部具有重要影响力的法律文书。

这部法案是在1689年英国革命后制定的，目的是限制君主的权力，并确立了议会的主权和公民的基本权利。

下面是有关1689年权利法案的一些相关参考内容。

一、背景和起因权利法案的起因可以追溯到英国的历史事件。

在17世纪末期，英国国王詹姆斯二世（James II）试图恢复绝对君主制，违背了英国人民的意愿。

由于詹姆斯二世的专制行为引起了反对他的最大宗教教派和国会议员的不满，英国爆发了革命，詹姆斯二世最终被迫流亡。

二、法案内容1. 限制君主权力：权利法案明确规定，君主不得行使许多特权，如征兵、确定税收、通过法律和释放人犯等，除非得到议会的授权。

2. 确立议会主权：权利法案强调议会应当拥有决定英国的重大事务的权力，限制了君主的影响力。

3. 宣布议会自由：权利法案确保议会对自己的言论和辩论享有自由，不因发表意见而受到起诉或惩罚。

4. 保障合法诉权：权利法案规定，英国公民有权向法院寻求正当的司法救济，并不受君主干涉。

5. 基本权利的确立：权利法案确定了公民的基本权利，如言论自由、人身自由、不受酷刑待遇等，这些权利是不可剥夺的。

6. 选举自由：权利法案规定，议会选举应当是自由和公正的，不受君主的操控。

三、影响和意义1. 制衡君主权力：权利法案的确立有效地制衡了君主的权力，并为议会的主权奠定了基础。

从此，英国成为一个立宪君主制国家。

2. 奠定基本权利：权利法案确立了公民的基本权利，这对英国社会和后来的法制建设产生了深远的影响，同时也对其他国家的法律和制度产生了启发。

3. 启发其他国家：权利法案的成功经验对其他国家的法制发展起到了重要的启发作用。

特别是对美国宪法的起草有着积极的影响，权利法案为美国宪法中的权利法案提供了借鉴。

总结起来，1689年权利法案是英国历史上具有重要意义的法律文书。

它限制了君主的权力，确立了议会主权和公民的基本权利。

1689年《权利法案》

1689年《权利法案》
摘要：
1.1689 年《权利法案》的背景和意义
2.《权利法案》对国王权力的限制
3.《权利法案》对议会权力的增强
4.《权利法案》对英国政治体制的影响
5.《权利法案》对资本主义发展和君主立宪制的作用
正文：
1689 年《权利法案》是英国政治性法律中的一部重要法案，由威廉三世于1689 年签署。

它开创了限制政府权力，国家的立法、司法、行政三权力分立、互相制衡的先河，奠定了英国君主立宪政体的理论和法律基础，确立了议会高于王权的原则，为英国资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路。

《权利法案》对国王权力的限制主要体现在：国王不得干涉法律；和平时期未经议会同意国王不得维持常备军；没有议会同意，国王不得征税；人民有向国王请愿的权利；人民有配带武器以用以自卫的权利；人民有选举议会议员的权利；国王不得干涉议会的言论自由；人民有不遭受残酷与非常惩罚的自由；人民有在未审判的情况下不被课罚金的自由；国王必须定期召开议会。

《权利法案》对议会权力的增强表现在：议会所拥有的自由和权力被用法律的形式加以肯定。

这大大削弱了国王的权力，而使议会治理国家的权力增强，有利于英国走上资产阶级政治民主化的道路，有利于资本主义的发展。

《权利法案》对英国政治体制的影响深远。

它使英国的政治体制从君主专
制向君主立宪制转变，实现了国家权力的分立和制衡。

这种政治体制为英国的政治稳定和经济发展奠定了基础，成为了其他国家政治体制改革的榜样。

总的来说，《权利法案》对资本主义发展和君主立宪制的作用不可忽视。

它为英国资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路，为君主立宪制的确立提供了法律依据。

1689年英国颁布权利法案

近代西方资本主义政治制度的确立和发展
1689年英国颁布《权利法案》年英国颁布《权利法案》年英国颁布君主立宪制度 1787年美国制定宪法年美国制定宪法总统制民主共和制 1875年颁布法年颁布法 1871年年《共和国宪法制共和制国宪法》国宪法》君主立宪制度
德国德国——君主立宪制（二元制）德国君主立宪制二元制）确定：1871年德意志帝国宪法确定：1871年德意志帝国宪法
1、德意志是实行君主立宪制的联邦制国家。、德意志是实行君主立宪制的联邦制国家。君主立宪制国家 2、国家元首是“德意志皇帝”。、国家元首是“德意志皇帝” 3、首相主持帝国政府，只对皇帝负责而不对议主持帝国政府，皇帝负责而不对议、首相主持帝国政府只对皇帝会负责。会负责。 4、联邦议会和帝国国会是立法机构，行使立法是立法机构，、联邦议会和帝国国会是立法机构权。
对比德意志帝国君主立宪制与法国共和制的异同
政体差异：君主立宪制与共和制（政体差异：君主立宪制与共和制（君主立宪制有世袭君主；共和制的国家首脑由选举产生）世袭君主；共和制的国家首脑由选举产生）从行政和立法机构之间的关系上看：从行政和立法机构之间的关系上看：法国：议会拥有立法权；法国：议会拥有立法权；议会中拥有多数席位的政党（或政党联盟）组成内阁；位的政党（或政党联盟）组成内阁；总统由议会两院联席会议选出；总统又有行政大权。会两院联席会议选出；总统又有行政大权。德国：德国首脑（德意志帝国皇帝）德国：德国首脑（德意志帝国皇帝）拥有官吏任免权（帝国官吏及宰相）；）；德意志帝国皇吏任免权（帝国官吏及宰相）；德意志帝国皇帝拥有立法权；德国皇帝可以召集或延期或结帝拥有立法权；束两院——首脑拥有绝对的实权。首脑拥有绝对的实权。束两院首脑拥有绝对的实权

权利法案及注释

《权利法案》（十三条）……灵俗两界贵族与众议员等……宣告：1．凡未经国会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施①之僭越权力，为非法权力。

2．近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权力。

3．设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令，以及一切其他同类指令与法庭②，皆为非法而有害。

4．凡未经国会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出国会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法③。

5．向国王请愿，乃臣民之权利，一切对此项请愿之判罪或控告，皆为非法。

6．除经国会同意外，平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军，皆属违法④。

7．凡臣民系新教徒者，为防卫起见，得酌量情形，并在法律许可范围内，置备武器。

8．国会议员之选举应是自由的。

9．国会内之演说自由、辩论或议事之自由，不应在国会以外之任何法院或任何地方，受到弹劾或讯问。

10．不应要求过多之保释金，亦不应强课过分之罚款，更不应滥施残酷非常之刑罚。

11．陪审官应予正式记名列表并陈报之，凡审理叛国犯案件之陪审官应为自由世袭地领有人。

12．定罪前，特定人的一切让与及对罚金与没收财产所作的一切承诺，皆属非法而无效。

13．为伸雪一切诉冤，并为修正、加强与维护法律起见，国会应时常集会。

彼等【即灵俗两界贵族与众议员等】主张、要求与坚持上开各条为彼等无可置疑之权利与自由；凡上开各条中有损人民之任何宣告、判决、行为或诉讼程序，今后断不应据之以为结论或先例。

──蒋相泽主编《世界通史资料选辑》近代部分上册【解读】“光荣革命”发生的第二年即1689年，英国议会上、下两院依法在威斯敏斯特宫（西敏寺）集会，制定了《权利法案》，以确保人民所享有的权利与自由的传统。

该法案全称为《关于宣布国民权利与自由和王位继承法案》，共有13条款，分为两部分，一是宣布禁止国王的诸项“非法权力”，二是明确列举人民的各项自由与权利。

这条材料对于我们正确地理解英国君主立宪制的性质、特点等问题，具有极为重要的参考价值。

权利法案

1、凡未经议会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权利。（立法权） 3．设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令，以及一切其他同类指令与法庭，皆为非法而有害。（司法权） 4．凡未经国会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出国会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法。（征税权） 6．除经国会同意外，平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军，皆属违法。（军事权）
The bill of rights，在英国习惯称作《权利法案》(1791年)，而美国习惯称作《人权法案》(1689年)。
英国《权利法案》背景：光荣革命
1688年，英国资产阶级和新贵族发动的推翻詹姆斯二世的统治、防止天主教复辟的非暴力政变。英国决定以法律形式限制国王的权力，保证自己的权力，于是在议会上、下两院共同召开的全体会议上，向威廉和玛丽提出了一个“权利宣言”.1689年10月，议会通过了“权利宣言”并制订为法律，是为《权利法案》。这场革命未有流血，因此历史学家将其称之为“光荣革命”。奠定了英国君主立宪政体的理论和法律基础，确立了议会高于王权的原则，具有宪法的性质，标志着君主立宪制开始在英国建立，为英国资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路。
By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament, and quartering soldiers contrary to law; By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law;

微考点：比较资产阶级统治确立时期英、美、法三国颁布的法律文件

考点：比较资产阶级统治确立时期英、美、法三国颁布的法律文件比较资产阶级统治确立时期英、美、法三国颁布的法律文件：国家文献名称颁布时间核心内容意义相同点英国《权利法案》英国资产阶级革命胜利后（1689年）反对封建专制，限制王权标志着英国君主立宪制的确立都是资产阶级革命的产物，都维护了资产阶级的利益，都要求建立资本主义民主社会，都体现了资产阶级要求自由、民主、平等的思想，开启了现代法治社会的先河。

美国开《独立宣言》美国独立战争期间（1776年）反抗殖民统治，谋求独立宣告北美13个殖民地脱离英国而独立，标志美国诞生《1787年宪法》美国独立战争胜利后（1787年）确立了联邦制，实行三权分立使美国确立了比较民主的资产阶级政治体制法国《人权宣言》法国大革命期间（1789年）宣称人生来自由，权利平等，私有财产神圣不可侵犯体现了资产阶级反对封建君主专制和封建等级制度的思想，推动了法国大革命的发展《法典》1804年倡导平等、自由和天赋人权成为欧洲资产阶级立法的典范易错微析资产阶级的法律文献易错：《权利法案》——限制王权；《独立宣言》——反抗殖民统治，谋求独立。

《人权宣言》——反对封建专制和等级制，倡导自由、平等。

私有财产神圣不可侵犯；《法典》——确立了资产阶级的立法规范；《1787宪法》——确立了联邦制，开创了民主政治的先河。

例题1 英国《权利法案》、法国《人权宣言》、美国《独立宣言》和《1787年美国宪法》代表着人类民主文明历程的重要成果。

它们的内容各具特点，下面对四部文献特点的归纳，正确的是（）A.《权利法案》——是三权分立原则的充分体现B.《独立宣言》——以法律形式限制君主的权力C.《人权宣言》——强调私有财产神圣不可侵犯D.1787年美国宪法——宣告从英国殖民统治下独立答案：C解析：“三权分立原则的充分体现”的是美国1787年颁布的宪法，体现了分权与制衡的原则；“以法律形式限制君主的权力”的文件是1689年英国颁布的《权利法案》；“宣告从英国殖民统治下独立”的是1776年北美大陆会议颁布的《独立宣言》，故选C。

法律史十大经典案例(3篇)

第1篇一、秦始皇统一度量衡秦始皇统一度量衡是中国古代法律史上的一个重要事件。

公元前221年，秦始皇统一六国后，为了加强中央集权，实现国家统一，开始推行一系列改革措施，其中之一就是统一度量衡。

这一改革对后世的法律制度产生了深远的影响。

二、汉律九章汉律九章是汉代法律的总称，包括《九章律》、《汉律》、《汉律令》等。

汉律九章在法律史上具有重要地位，它奠定了中国古代法律的基本框架，对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响。

三、唐朝《唐律疏议》唐朝《唐律疏议》是中国古代法律史上的一个重要里程碑。

它是唐代法律的总称，包括《唐律》、《唐律疏议》等。

《唐律疏议》对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响，被誉为中国古代法律的典范。

四、明朝《大明律》明朝《大明律》是明朝法律的总称，包括《大明律》、《大明会典》等。

《大明律》对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响，它是中国古代法律史上的一部重要法典。

五、清朝《大清律例》清朝《大清律例》是清朝法律的总称，包括《大清律》、《大清会典》等。

《大清律例》对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响，它是中国古代法律史上的一部重要法典。

六、南京临时政府颁布的《中华民国临时约法》1912年，南京临时政府颁布了《中华民国临时约法》。

这是中国近代史上第一部具有资产阶级性质的宪法，它标志着中国封建君主专制的终结，开启了中国近代民主法治的新篇章。

七、新中国成立后的《中华人民共和国宪法》1954年，第一届全国人民代表大会通过了《中华人民共和国宪法》。

这是新中国成立后的第一部宪法，它奠定了新中国法律制度的基础，对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响。

八、改革开放后的《中华人民共和国刑法》1979年，第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过了《中华人民共和国刑法》。

这是改革开放后的第一部刑法，它对后世法律制度的发展产生了深远影响，标志着中国刑法制度的重大变革。

九、1997年香港回归后的《香港特别行政区基本法》1997年，香港回归祖国后，根据《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》，香港特别行政区实行“一国两制”政策。

英美概况---权利法案

英国《权利法案》，全称《国民权利与自由和王位继承宣言》（An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown），是英国宪法中重要的一部法律，由威廉三世于1689年签署，威廉三世被宣布为“光荣革命”之后英国国王的前提就是必须接受由议会所提出的这部《权利法案》。

《权利法案》的主要内容有：
1.英国人民拥有不可被剥夺的民事与政治权利，包括了
2.国王不得干涉法律；
3.没有议会同意，国王不得徵税；
4.人民有向国王请愿的权利；
5.人民有配带武器以用以自卫的权利；
6.人民有选举议会议员的权利；
7.国王不得干涉议会的言论自由；
8.人民有不遭受残酷与非常惩罚的自由；
9.人民有在未审判的情况下不被课罚金的自由
10.国王必须定期召开议会；
11.詹姆斯二世的一些行为已经违反上述约定，因此被认为是非法的；
12.因“光荣革命”而逃离英国的詹姆斯二世被宣布退位；
13.罗马天主教徒不得成为英国国王；
14.威廉与玛丽是詹姆斯二世的继承人。

美国《人权法案》的10条修正案包括：
第一条：言论、宗教、和平集会自由；
第二条：持有与佩戴武器的权利；
第三条：免于民房被军队征用；
第四条：免于不合理的搜查与扣押；
第五条：正当程序（Due Process）、一罪不能两判、禁止逼供、禁止剥夺私人财产；第六条：未经陪审团不可定罪以及被控告方的其他权利；
第七条：民事案件中要求陪审团的权利；第八条：禁止过度罚金与酷刑；
第九条：未被列入的其他权利同样可以受到
保护；
第十条：人民保留未经立法的权利；。

英美法历史上的三大法案(权利法案-独立宣言-人权宣言)

Parliament; By prosecutions in the Court of King's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament, and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses; And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials, and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders; And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects; And excessive fines have been imposed; And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted; And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied; All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm; And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers

1689年《权利法案》

1689年《权利法案》
1689年的《权利法案》（Bill of Rights）是英国历史上的一部重要法律文件，标志着英国君主立宪制的确立。

以下是对该法案的简要介绍：
背景：在英国历史上，长期存在君主专制统治的倾向，国王拥有较大的权力，在没有民众代表的情况下行使着极大的权威。

然而，在17世纪末，英国爆发了一系列政治冲突，包括光荣革命。

主要内容：1689年《权利法案》的主要目的是约束君主的权力，确立议会的主权，并为公民确立基本权利。

该法案有以下重要内容：
1.君主制约：该法案规定，君主不能单方面制定或废除法律、
征收税收或决定军事行动，只能在议会的允许下行使权力。

2.议会权力：该法案明确规定国会拥有立法权，对法律的制定
和修改具有最终决定权。

3.言论自由：该法案保障了议会成员的言论自由，允许议员自
由表达意见，以便能够以公正和有效的方式参与国家事务。

4.宗教自由：该法案废除了国王的宗教特权，保障了公民的信
仰自由，禁止迫害持不同宗教信仰的人。

5.武装权：该法案规定，英国公民有权持有武器，以保护个人
和家庭安全。

影响：《权利法案》的通过标志着英国从君主专制向君主
立宪制转变的重要里程碑。

它确保了议会的主权，限制了君主的权力，并为个人赋予了一系列基本权利，包括言论自由、宗教自由和个人自由。

这些原则深刻影响了近代民主国家的发展，成为后来英美法律制度和宪政思想的重要基石。

《权利法案》在当时主要适用于英格兰和苏格兰，而对爱尔兰的影响较小。

此外，该法案的内容也是历经时间演变和修订的，通过了一系列相关法律和法案来进一步完善和细化其中的内容。

权利法案(1689).

权利法案（1689）国会两院经依法集会于西敏寺宫，为确保英国人民传统之权利与自由而制定本法律。

1.凡未经国会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力。

2.近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权力。

3.设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令，以及一切其他同类指令与法庭，皆为非法而有害4.凡未经国会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出国会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法。

5.向国王请愿，乃臣民之权利，一切对此项请愿之判罪或控告，皆为非法。

6.除经国会同意外，平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军，皆属违法。

7.凡臣民系新教徒者，为防卫起见，得酌量情形，并在法律许可范围内，置备武器。

8.国会议员之选举应是自由的。

9.国会内之演说自由、辩论或议事之自由，不应在国会以外之任何法院或任何地方，受到弹劾或讯问。

10.不应要求过多的保释金，亦不应强课过分之罚款，更不应滥施残酷非常之刑罚。

11.陪审官应予正式记名列表并陈报之，凡审理叛国犯案件之陪审官应为自由世袭地领有人。

12.定罪前，特定人的一切让与及对罚金与没收财产所做的一切承诺，皆属非法而无效。

13.为申雪一切诉冤，并为修正、加强与维护法律起见，国会应时常集会。

彼等（即灵俗两界贵族与众议员等）并主张、要求与坚持上述各条为彼等无可置疑之权利与自由；凡上开各条中有损人民之任何宣告、判决、行为或诉讼程序，今后断不应据之以为结论或先例。

BILL OF RIGHTS1689An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the CrownWhereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster， lawfully， fully and freely representing all the estates of the people of this realm， did upon the thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-eight [old style date] present unto their Majesties， then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary， prince and princess of Orange， being present in their proper persons， acertain declaration in writing made by the said Lords and Commons in the words following， viz.：Whereas the late King James the Second， by the assistance of divers evil counsellors， judges and ministers employed by him， did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom；By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament；By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power；By issuing and causing to be executed a commission under the great seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes；By levying money for and to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parliament；By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament， and quartering soldiers contrary to law；By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law；By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament；By prosecutions in the Court of Kings Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament， and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses；And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials， and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders；And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects；And excessive fines have been imposed；And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted；And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied；All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm；And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant， his Highness the prince of Orange （whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power） did （by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons） cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants，and other letters to the several counties， cities， universities，boroughs and cinque ports， for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament， to meet and sit at Westminster upon the two and twentieth day of January in this year one thousand six hundred eighty and eight [old style date]， in order to such an establishment as that their religion，laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted，upon which letters elections having been accordingly made；And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons，pursuant to their respective letters and elections， being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation， taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid， do in the first place （as their ancestors in like case have usuallydone） for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare：That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal；That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority， as it hath been assumed and exercised of late， is illegal；That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes， and all other commissions and courts of like nature， are illegal and pernicious；That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative， without grant of Parliament， for longer time， or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted， is illegal；That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king， and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal；That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace， unless it be with consent of Parliament， is against law；That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law；That election of members of Parliament ought to be free；That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament；That excessive bail ought not to be required， nor excessivefines imposed， nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted；That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned， and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders；That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void；And that for redress of all grievances， and for the amending，strengthening and preserving of the laws， Parliaments ought to be held frequently.And they do claim， demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties， and that no declarations， judgments， doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example； to which demand of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the prince ofOrange as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein.Having therefore an entire confidence that his said Highness the prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so far advanced by him， and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights which they have here asserted， and from all other attempts upontheir religion， rights and liberties， the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster do resolve that William and Mary， prince and princess of Orange， be and be declared king and queen of England， France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging， to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them， the said prince and princess， during their lives and the life of the survivor to them， and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said prince of Orange in the names of the said prince and princess during their joint lives， and after their deceases the said crown and royal dignity of the same kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the said princess， and for default of such issue to the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her body， and for default of such issue to the heirs of the body of the said prince of Orange. And the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do pray the said prince and princess to accept the same accordingly.And that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths have allegiance and supremacy might be required by law， instead of them； and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated.I， A.B.， do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties King William and Queen Mary. So help me God.I， A.B.， do swear that I do from my heart abhor， detest and abjure as impious and heretical this damnable doctrine and position，that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the see of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare that no foreign prince，person， prelate， state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction， power， superiority， pre-eminence or authority，ecclesiastical or spiritual， within this realm. So help me God.Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of the kingdoms of England， France and Ireland。

大宪章权利法案的两个文献的史料价值

大宪章权利法案的两个文献的史料价值
摘要：
1.概述大宪章和权利法案的历史背景及其重要性
2.探讨大宪章和权利法案的史料价值
3.分析大宪章和权利法案对后世的影响
正文：
大宪章和权利法案是英国历史上两个重要的法律文献，它们不仅对英国历史产生了深远的影响，而且对全球范围内的法律制度和民主进程也产生了重要的推动作用。

在这篇文章中，我们将探讨这两个文献的史料价值，并分析它们对后世的影响。

首先，让我们简要了解一下大宪章和权利法案的历史背景。

大宪章于1215 年由英国国王约翰签署，被认为是世界上最早的限制王权、保护人民权益的宪法文件。

而权利法案则于1689 年通过，它是英国资产阶级革命的产物，标志着君主立宪制的确立。

大宪章和权利法案的史料价值主要体现在以下几个方面。

首先，它们为后世提供了英国封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的重要历史资料。

通过研究这两个文献，我们可以了解到这个过渡过程中，英国社会经历了怎样的政治、经济和文化变革。

其次，大宪章和权利法案是英国法律史上的重要里程碑，它们为后世留下了丰富的法律史料。

这些史料不仅有助于我们了解英国法律制度的演变，而且对研究世界法律史也具有重要的参考价值。

此外，大宪章和权利法案对后世的影响也是其史料价值的一部分。

这两个文献为世界范围内的民主制度提供了重要的理论基础和实践经验。

许多国家和地区在推进民主改革时，都受到了大宪章和权利法案的启示。

总之，大宪章和权利法案作为英国历史上两个重要的法律文献，其史料价值不言而喻。

它们不仅为研究英国历史提供了宝贵的资料，而且对全球范围内的法律制度和民主进程产生了深远的影响。

英国1689年权利法案

英国1689年权利法案《权利法案》：1689年10月，议会通过了“权利宣言”并制订为法律，是为《权利法案》。

内容：没有国会同意，国王无权停止法律或取消其中的条款；国王无权征税和征募军队；公民有请愿自由，国会议员有言论自由；国会必须每年召开，国王要遵守国会的法律，国内外一切大事都要经过国会同意。

限制了王权，保障了国会权益，表明资产阶级的君主立宪政体的英国最终确立。

考情分析：《权利法案》：识记《权利法案》等基本史实，理解君主立宪制的含义和英国资产阶级君主立宪制的特点及作用，提高阅读和通过多种途径获取历史信息的能力。

考试中更多考查的权利法案的背景及影响，权利法案只是一个切入点。

学者观点：张新宇：“光荣革命”后,英国议会于1689年通过《权利宣言》，作为新王威廉和玛丽继位的条件。

宣言经两人签署后生效，成为法律性文件，称《权利法案》。

文件大体分为三部分:首先列举詹姆士二世的种种恶行；其次宣布关于权利和自由的十三条款；最后确定王位继承顺序。

其中第二部分，即关于权利和自由的十三条款，虽然篇幅仅占整个文件的约六分之一，但却公认是《法案》的核心内容。

十三条款当中，通常认为又以第1、2、4、6、8、9和13条关于议会权利和自由的条款最为关键，议会因此取得了高于国王的权力和地位，从而在英国确立了君主立宪政体，并由此奠定《权利法案》在历史和法律上的地位。

《权利法案》的主要特点，并不在于提出了这一系列议会的权利与自由，而是在于改变了它们的存在形式，即由惯例变成了成文法。

罗纳德•德沃金：英国是否需要一部“权利法案”？这是缠绕英国法学界乃至整个杜会的一个大问题。

之所以如此，是因为我们知道英国一直没有一部成文宪法，但《权利法案》可能会从根本上改变这个事实。

尽管《权利法案》仍然是议会制定的一部“法”，但英国人知道它将不是一部普通的法。

在某种意义上，它是一部“基本法”，且正因为这部法是基本与重要的，它对于普通立法的意义具有某种控制作用。

1689年《权利法案》

1689年《权利法案》摘要：I.背景介绍- 英国政治历史- 君主专制与议会权力之争II.1689 年《权利法案》的颁布- 法案的起因- 法案的主要内容- 法案的意义III.《权利法案》对英国政治的影响- 君主权力受到限制- 议会权力增强- 英国政治体制的演变IV.总结- 《权利法案》的历史地位- 对现代民主政治的启示正文：I.背景介绍英国作为现代民主政治的发源地，其政治体制的演变经历了漫长的历史。

在君主专制时期，国王拥有绝对的权力，议会的作用仅限于为国王提供咨询和筹集资金。

然而，随着社会的进步和经济发展，议会逐渐希望限制国王的权力，并增加自己的权力。

这一争斗在17 世纪达到了高潮，最终导致了英国资产阶级革命的爆发。

II.1689 年《权利法案》的颁布1689 年，《权利法案》在英国议会通过，并由国王威廉三世签署。

这一法案的颁布标志着君主专制在英国的终结，为君主立宪制奠定了基础。

《权利法案》主要包括以下内容：- 国王不得干涉法律；- 和平时期未经议会同意国王不得维持常备军；- 没有议会同意，国王不得征税；- 人民有向国王请愿的权利；- 人民有配带武器以用以自卫的权利；- 人民有选举议会议员的权利；- 国王不得干涉议会的言论自由；- 人民有不遭受残酷与非常惩罚的自由；- 人民有在未审判的情况下不被课罚金的自由；- 国王必须定期召开议会。

III.《权利法案》对英国政治的影响《权利法案》的颁布对英国政治产生了深远的影响。

首先，它限制了国王的权力，使君主立宪制逐渐确立。

国王的权力被置于议会（或法制）之下，君主不再是绝对的统治者，而需遵循宪法和法律规定。

其次，议会权力增强，成为英国政治的核心机构。

议会的权威和地位得到巩固，为英国民主政治的发展奠定了基础。

随着君主立宪制的确立，英国政治体制也逐渐从君主专制向民主政治演变。

在随后的几个世纪里，英国通过不断的宪法改革和民主化进程，逐渐形成了现代民主政治体制。

IV.总结1689 年《权利法案》是英国政治历史上的一部重要法律，它对英国政治体制的发展产生了深远影响。

1689年英国权利法案的积极意义

1689年英国权利法案的积极意义
1689年英国权利法案对英国历史上积极意义重大，其给
了英国政府极大的稳定性和稳定发展的条件。

权利法案是英
国议会制宪制的基础，是英国的宪法的源头。

它的制定，确立了英国的议会制度，使英国成为世界上第一个受宪法制约的国家，也是世界上第一个实行立宪制的国家。

权利法案的立法，保证了英国的政治稳定，政府的合法性也得到了保护。

它确立了议会的权利，重申了国王或女王无权擅自发布法令，任何法令必须征得议会的同意，否则便不具有法律效力。

这在当时是一个重大突破，也为英国后来的政治稳定和发展奠定了基础。

此外，权利法案还保护了英国公民的基本权利，确立了宗教自由，禁止国王擅自拘禁公民，保证英国公民的自由，使他们享有更多的自由权利，如、出版自由等等。

1689年英国权利法案的积极意义不言而喻，它实现了英
国政治的稳定，确立了英国宪法的根基，保护了英国公民的基本权利，促进了英国政治和文化的发展。

权利法案的制定，也是英国历史上最重要的时刻，它也为英国民主的发展和进步奠定了基础。

1689年《权利法案》

1689年《权利法案》I.引言12n80c 是一种N 沟道增强型场效应管，广泛应用于各种电子设备中。

本篇文章将详细介绍12n80c 场效应管的参数及其应用。

II.12n80c 场效应管参数12n80c 场效应管的主要参数包括静态参数、动态参数和环境参数。

1.静态参数- 极性：12n80c 为N 沟道场效应管，即漏极带正电荷，源极带负电荷。

- 漏极电压：12n80c 的最大漏极电压为800V。

- 源极电压：12n80c 的最大源极电压为800V。

2.动态参数- 输入阻抗：12n80c 具有高输入阻抗，可降低驱动电路的设计难度。

- 输出阻抗：12n80c 的输出阻抗低，能够提供良好的输出驱动能力。

- 传输特性：12n80c 具有优秀的电流控制能力，传输特性曲线陡峭。

3.环境参数- 工作温度：12n80c 的工作温度范围为-55℃至+150℃。

- 存储温度：12n80c 的存储温度范围为-65℃至+200℃。

III.12n80c 场效应管应用12n80c 场效应管广泛应用于以下场景：- 电源管理：在电源系统中，12n80c 可以作为开关管，实现高效、可靠的电源转换和输出。

- 信号放大与处理：12n80c 的高输入阻抗和低输出阻抗使其成为理想的信号放大和处理元件。

- 电机驱动：12n80c 可作为电机驱动开关管，实现对电机的速度控制和保护。

IV.12n80c 与其他场效应管的比较12n80c 与其他常见场效应管（如2N3904、IRF540 等）相比，具有较高的漏极电压和传输特性。

这使得12n80c 在需要高电压处理能力的应用中具有优势。

V.结论12n80c 场效应管具有较高的参数性能，适用于电源管理、信号处理和电机驱动等场景。

权利法案全文（1689）

《权利法案》全文（1689）国会两院经依法集会于西敏寺宫，为确保英国人民传统之权利与自由而制定本法律。

1．凡未经国会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力。

2．近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权力。

3．设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令，以及一切其他同类指令与法庭，皆为非法而有害4．凡未经国会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出国会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法。

5．向国王请愿，乃臣民之权利，一切对此项请愿之判罪或控告，皆为非法。

6．除经国会同意外，平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军，皆属违法。

7．凡臣民系新教徒者，为防卫起见，得酌量情形，并在法律许可范围内，置备武器。

8．国会议员之选举应是自由的。

9．国会内之演说自由、辩论或议事之自由，不应在国会以外之任何法院或任何地方，受到弹劾或讯问。

10．不应要求过多的保释金，亦不应强课过分之罚款，更不应滥施残酷非常之刑罚。

11．陪审官应予正式记名列表并陈报之，凡审理叛国犯案件之陪审官应为自由世袭地领有人。

12．定罪前，特定人的一切让与及对罚金与没收财产所做的一切承诺，皆属非法而无效。

13．为申雪一切诉冤，并为修正、加强与维护法律起见，国会应时常集会。

彼等(即灵俗两界贵族与众议员等)并主张、要求与坚持上述各条为彼等无可置疑之权利与自由；凡上开各条中有损人民之任何宣告、判决、行为或诉讼程序，今后断不应据之以为结论或先例。

BILL OF RIGHTS1689An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the CrownWhereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster, lawfully, fully and freely representing all the estates of the people of this realm, did upon the thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-eight [old style date] present unto their Majesties, then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, being present in their proper persons, a certain declaration in writing made by the said Lords and Commons in the words following, viz.:Whereas the late King James the Second, by the assistance of divers evil counsellors, judges and ministers employed by him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion andthe laws and liberties of this kingdom;By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament;By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power;By issuing and causing to be executed a commission under the great seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes;By levying money for and to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parliament;By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament, and quartering soldiers contrary to law;By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law;By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament;By prosecutions in the Court of King's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament, and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses;And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials, and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders;And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects;And excessive fines have been imposed;And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted;And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied;All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm;And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons) cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants, and other letters to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs and cinque ports, for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament, to meet and sit at Westminster upon the two and twentieth day of January in this year one thousand six hundred eighty and eight [old style date], in order to such an establishment as that their religion, laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted, upon which letters elections having been accordingly made;And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons,pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usuallydone) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare:That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal;That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal;That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious;That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal;That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal;That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law;That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law;That election of members of Parliament ought to be free;That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament;That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders;That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void;And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending,strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.And they do claim, demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties, and that no declarations, judgments, doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example; to which demand of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the prince ofOrange as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein.Having therefore an entire confidence that his said Highness the prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so far advanced by him, and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights which they have here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights and liberties, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster do resolve that William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, be and be declared king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them, the said prince and princess, during their lives and the life of the survivor to them, and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said prince of Orange in the names of the said prince and princess during their joint lives, and after their deceases the said crown and royal dignity of thesame kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the said princess, and for default of such issue to the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her body, and for default of such issue to the heirs of the body of the said prince of Orange. And the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do pray the said prince and princess to accept the same accordingly.And that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths have allegiance and supremacy might be required by law, instead of them; and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated."I, A.B., do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties King William and Queen Mary. So help me God.""I, A.B., do swear that I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and heretical this damnable doctrine and position, that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the see of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction, power, superiority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm. So help me God."Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of the kingdoms of England, France and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the resolution and desire of the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration.And thereupon their Majesties were pleased that the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, being the two Houses of Parliament, should continue to sit, and with their Majesties' royal concurrence make effectual provision for the settlement of the religion, laws and liberties of this kingdom, so that the same for the future might not be in danger again of being subverted, to which the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons did agree, and proceed to act accordingly.Now in pursuance of the premises the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled, for the ratifying, confirming and establishing the said declaration and the articles, clauses, matters and things therein contained by the force of law made in due form by authority of Parliament, do pray that it may be declared and enacted that all and singular the rights and liberties asserted and claimed in the said declaration are the true, ancient and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom, and so shall be esteemed, allowed, adjudged, deemed and taken to be; and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be firmly and strictly holden and observed as they are expressed in the said declaration, and all officers and ministers whatsoever shall serve their Majesties and their successors according to the same in all time to come.And the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, seriously considering how it hath pleased Almighty God in his marvellous providence and merciful goodness to this nation to provide and preserve their said Majesties' royal persons most happily to reign over us upon the throne of their ancestors, for which they render unto him from the bottom of their hearts their humblest thanks and praises, do truly, firmly, assuredly and in the sincerity of their hearts think, and do hereby recognize, acknowledge and declare, that King James the Second having abdicated the government, and their Majesties having accepted the crown and royal dignity as aforesaid, their said Majesties did become, were, are and of right ought to be by the laws of this realm oursovereign liege lord and lady, king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, in and to whose princely persons the royal state, crown and dignity of the said realms with all honours, styles, titles, regalities, prerogatives, powers, jurisdictions and authorities to the same belonging and appertaining are most fully, rightfully and entirely invested and incorporated, united and annexed. And for preventing all questions and divisions in this realm by reason of any pretended titles to the crown, and for preserving a certainty in the succession thereof, in and upon which the unity, peace, tranquility and safety of this nation doth under God wholly consist and depend, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do beseech their Majesties that it may be enacted, established and declared, that the crown and regal government of the said kingdoms and dominions, with all and singular the premises thereunto belonging and appertaining, shall be and continue to their said Majesties and the survivor of them during their lives and the life of the survivor of them, and that the entire, perfect and full exercise of the regal power and government be only in and executed by his Majesty in the names of both their Majesties during their joint lives; and after their deceases the said crown and premises shall be and remain to the heirs of the body of her Majesty, and for default of such issue to her Royal Highness the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of the body of his said Majesty; and thereunto the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do in the name of all the people aforesaid most humbly and faithfully submit themselves, their heirs and posterities for ever, and do faithfully promise that they will stand to, maintain and defend their said Majesties, and also the limitation and succession of the crown herein specified and contained, to the utmost of their powers with their lives and estates against all persons whatsoever that shall attempt anything to the contrary.And whereas it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a popish prince, or by any king or queen marrying a papist, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do further pray that it may be enacted, that all and every person and persons that is, are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold communion with the see or Church of Rome, or shall profess the popish religion, or shall marry a papist, shall be excluded and be for ever incapable to inherit, possess or enjoy the crown and government of this realm and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging or any part of the same, or to have, use or exercise any regal power, authority or jurisdiction within the same; and in all and every such case or cases the people of these realms shall be and are hereby absolved of their allegiance; and the said crown and government shall from time to time descend to and be enjoyed by such person or persons being Protestants as should have inherited and enjoyed the same in case the said person or persons so reconciled, holding communion or professing or marrying as aforesaid were naturally dead; and that every king and queen of this realm who at any time hereafter shall come to and succeed in the imperial crown of this kingdom shall on the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament next after his or her coming to the crown, sitting in his or her throne in the House of Peers in the presence of the Lords and Commons therein assembled, or at his or her coronation before such person or persons who shall administer the coronation oath to him or her at the time of his or her taking the said oath (which shall first happen), make, subscribe and audibly repeat the declaration mentioned in the statute made in the thirtieth year of the reign of King Charles the Second entitled, _An Act for the more effectual preserving the king's person and government by disabling papists from sitting in either House of Parliament._ But if it shall happen that such king or queen upon his or her succession to the crown of this realm shall beunder the age of twelve years, then every such king or queen shall make, subscribe and audibly repeat the same declaration at his or her coronation or the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament as aforesaid which shall first happen after such king or queen shall have attained the said age of twelve years.All which their Majesties are contented and pleased shall be dec lared, enacted and established by authority of this present Parliament, and shall stand, remain and be the law of this realm for ever; and the same are by their said Majesties, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same, declared, enacted and established accordingly.II. And be it further declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after this present session of Parliament no dispensation by _non obstante_ of or to any statute or any part thereof shall be allowed, but that the same shall be held void and of no effect, except a dispensation be allowed of in such statute, and except in such cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more bill or bills to be passed during this present session of Parliament.III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act, but that the same shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made.。