2021考研英语讲义题源报刊原文+练习·Lesson3

合集下载

2021高三统考外研英语一轮复习讲义：Book3Module4SandstormsinAsia(含解

Book 3 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia[«起第背诵经典的]1 . Sandstorms have become so widespread that they have severely affected people's daily life and held back econo mic growth.沙尘暴变得如此广泛，已经严重影响到人们的日常生活以及经济发展。

2. Some proper measureappear_to一.have__been__adopted to deal with the serious problem.人们似乎已经采取了一些适当的措施来处理这个严重的问题。

3. There is no denying the fact that sandstorms have become a seriousproblem with which we are confronted.无可否认的事实是沙尘暴已经成了我们面临的一个严重问题。

4. To_have_been _caught in a san dstorm was so frighte ning that no one wan ted to experie nee it.遭遇沙尘暴是如此可怕，没人愿意经历。

自主排查夯基固本◎重点单词I 核心单词(l) frightening (adj.)吓人的；可怕的—frighten (v.)使惊吓；惊恐—frightened (adj.)害怕的；受惊吓的—fright (n.)惊吓(2) process nJ进程；过程(vt.)处理；加工⑶forecast (vt.)预报；预告(n.)预测；预报；预示⑷Strength (n.)力量；力气—strengthen Vt.)加强strong (adj.)坚强的；强壮的—strongly (adv.)坚强地(5) cycle(vi.)骑自行车—bicycle (n.)自行车—cyclist (n.)骑自行车(脚踏车)的人(6) chemical (n.)化学药品—chemistry (n.)化学—chemist (n.)化学家；药剂师(7) environment (n.)环境—environmental (adj.)环境的(8) pollution (n.)污染—pollute (vt.)污染(9) recycle (v.)重新利用；再循环(10) concerned (adj.)关心的；担心的—concern (n.& v .)关心；担心—concerning (prep.)关于(11) evidence (n.)根据；证明—evident (adj.)明显的；显然的(12) major (adj.)主要的；多数的(vi.)主修—majority (n.)大多数(13) urgent (adj.)紧急的—urge (vt.)催促；极力主张(14) complain (vi.)抱怨；发牢骚—complaint (n.)抱怨(15) protection (n.)保护—protect (vt.)保护n 阅读单词(1)sa ndstorm n.)沙尘暴⑵inland (adj.)内地的；内陆的(3) mass (adj.)大量的；大规模的(4) campaig n (n.)战役；活动(5) d une (n.)沙丘(6) desertification (n.) (土地的)沙漠化—desert n.)沙漠(7) citize n (n.) 公民；市民(8) dust (n.)沙尘；灰尘—dusty (adj.)布满灰尘的(9) mask (n.)面罩(10) atmosphere n.)大气；大气层(11) melt (vi.)融化(12) coastal (adj.)沿海的—coast (n.)海岸(13 )nu tshell (n.) 坚果壳；简单的一句话(14) scary (adj.)恐怖的；吓人的(15) absolutely (adv.)绝对地；完全地—absolute (adj.)绝对的；完全的语境活用［单句语法填空］1. Going into hospital can be very _______ (frighten) for a child.答案：frightening2. ______________________________________________________ On the whole, these people are peacteving, law-obeying ____________________ (citizen).答案：citizens3. _______ (cycle) is good exercise. It strengthens all the muscles of the body.答案：Cycling4. ______________________________________ I am willi ng to devote myself to the _________________________________________ (en vir onment) protect ion, and ready to make my own con tributi on.答案：environmental5. The problem of ________ (pollute) arises along with the rapid development of in dustry.答案：pollution6. __________________________________________________ A lot of the plastics that carmakers are using cannot _______________________ (recycle).答案：be recycled7. Everybody is ________ (concern) about the future of his country.答案：concerned8. ____________________________ The American couple (complain) about the high cost of visitingEurope.答案：complained9. ________________________________________________________ The new system is very complicated, but I will try to explain it ____________________ a nu tshell.答案：in10. He replied that this was ________ （absolute） impossible.答案：absolutely1. -tion结尾的名词集锦①desertificatio n （土地的）沙漠化②pollution污染③protecti on 保护④application 申请⑤competiti on 竞争⑥descripti on 描述2. fore-作前缀的词汇集锦①forecast vt.预报；预告②forearm n.前臂③forehead n.前额④forek no wledge n.预知⑤forema n n. 领班，工头⑥foresight n.先见之明，预见，深谋远虑⑦foretaste n.预先的体验；预示⑧foretell v.预言，预知3. “着急”家族①urge ntadj.紧急的②impatie nt adj.着急的，没耐心的③an xious adj.焦急的O重点短语1. cut_down 砍倒；削减2. be_caught_in 突然遭遇（风暴等）3. wake_up_to 醒来面对；意识到4. one after another 一个接一个地5. ................................................... have_a_bad_effect_on 对有坏影响6. take in 吸收；收养；收留7. give out 放出；发出；用完；耗尽8. can't help but 不得不9. in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲10. look through 浏览语境活用［选词填空］cut dow n, take in, wake up to, give out, be caught in, in a nu tshell1. ____________________ Brett's always homeless animals.答案：taking in2. _____________________________________ The police are doing all they can to _________________________________________ the accidents.答案：cut down3. My money was beg inning to _______ and there were no jobs to be found.答案：give out4. I _________ the rain and my suit has been ruined.答案：was caught in5. ____________________ He has n't yet the serious ness of the situati on.答案：woken up to6. To put it _______ , we're bankrupt 破产的）.答案：in a nutshell联患枳累1. effect的短语搭配①have an effect on/upon … 对 . 有（坏）影响②come/go i nto effect开始生效；开始实施③bring/put/carry ... into effect 实行；使生效④in effect有效；在实施中；实际上⑤take effect生效，起作用2. give的短语搭配①give out放出；发出；用完，耗尽②give in屈服，让步③give off发出④give away捐赠；泄露；分送；送掉⑤give up放弃3. “ be +过去分词+ in ”结构小结①be caught in突然遭遇（风暴等）②be absorbed in专注于某事③be dressed in 穿着④be en gaged in忙于某事⑤be lost in陷入 ..❸常用句式答案：l.have never read a more moving one 2.lf not直击重点突破考点L ---------------------- 单词点津------------ 」1.strength n.力量；力气；长处；优势；强度；坚强(P32)先练(1) 单句语法填空①He has n't got eno ugh stre ngth ______ (remove) that stone.②He hoped ________ (strength) the position of the sciences in the leadinguni versities.答案：① to remove ② to strengthen(2) 单句改错Before going into the Asian market, they thought carefully of their strength and weak nesses.答案：strength^strengths(3) 单句写作①He pushed agai nst the rock ____________________ .他用全力推那块石头。

2021年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解-TEXT3_3

2021年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解:TEXT32000 Passage 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitatethem; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59. This passage is mainly________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61. Futurists claim that we must________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature难句解析：①When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.▲该句是一个因果关系的并列句，表示结果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable tofind out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

专业型硕士研究生英语课文讲义unit-3

2021/8/6
7
Paragraph 2
• As for the landscape, it is enormously varied and spectacular. In the west there are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, with their snow-capped peaks, and in the east the wild, forestcovered Appalachians, whose highest summit is nearly 7000 feet. There is an abundance of waterfall, gentle rivers, lakes that are small and intimate or vast like the Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the20l2a1/r8/g6 est freshwater lake in the world16
2021/8/6
28
Paragraph 5
• Many Americans, young and old, prefer camping in vehicles, called campers. There are many different kinds, from the extremely luxurious to the convertible pick-up truck. There are monster campers with every imaginable luxury, from deep freezes and microwave ovens, to plush carpets and color television sets. They can accommodate four people comfortably, and they do not necessarily belong to rich people.

2021届高考英语总复习真题研练3牛津译林版

2021届高考英语总复习真题研练3牛津译林版Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2020·陕西，C)The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in h ow coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威逼) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.【语篇解读】咖啡豆从遮荫种植变成全日照种植，威逼到一些动物的存在，破坏了全世界的生态平稳。

2021年考研《英语》模考试题及答案(卷三)

2021年考研《英语》模考试题及答案（卷三）Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.The situation is the same or worse in most other parts of the world.It is estimated that about 20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species are in danger.Most of these plants are in the tropical rainforests that are being cut down，and many have not even been identified yet.Why is extinction threatening so many U.S.species? The main reason is the destruction of habitats.This destruction is caused，especially in the Eastern United States，by land development，such as the construction of shopping centers and housing tracts.In the Western states，the poor management of public lands has been a critical factor.There，many habitats have been destroyed by the spread of exotic plant species.1)For example，June grass，which was introduced from Europe in the late 1800s，has invaded hundreds of square kilometers of Western lands，pushing out some native species of grass that are less able to compete for the usually scarce moisture.Public indifference has also contributed to the problem.2) Americans have rallied to the cause of endangered animals such aswhooping cranes and African elephants，but they seem unconcerned about endangered plants.Perhaps they consider wild animals to be public property，but plants are the property of the owner of the land on which they grow.The consequences of habitat destruction are often most serious in the tropics and subtropics.Those regions have a much greater number of plant species than are found in cooler climates.And many species grow in only a small area，increasing the probability of their being wiped out.It is not surprising，therefore，that nearly 75 percent of the 680 species on the most-endangered list are located in just three states and Puerto Rico.Hawaii has 21 percent;Texas，12.2 percent;Florida，10.6 percent;and Puerto Rico，10.1 percent.But nearly all of the 50 states have at least a few native plants that are among those facing extinction.Saving endangered plants is important for several reasons.Among those plants，there may be some that produce substances that could be of value in making medicines.Others might possess genetic traits that could be used to improve crop plants.We might also find that some plants are worth growing for their own sake—as food or perhaps for the oil in their seeds.But beyond such practical applications，there is a sense of loss when any species—a plant as much as an animal—disappears from the face of the Earth forever.1. In another decade，it is estimated that____.[A]more than 10 percent of the native plants in the United States may die out[B]approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States will be extinct[C]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species will be extinct[D]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species may become extinct2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of plant species extinction?[A]Careless introduction of foreign plant species.[B]Over-development of 1and for commercial use.[C]Public ignorance of the present situation.[D]Inappropriate governmental land protection policies.3. In what way are the public indifferent to the present situation?[A]They are still unaware of the cause of land destruction.[B]They pay too much attention to endangered animals.[C]They do not give due attention to saving endangered plants.[D]They are selfish enough to protect only their own properties.4. Plant species in the tropics and subtropics are most vulnerable in that____.[A]a greater number of plant species are found there than in coolerregions[B]many plant species grow in only a small area in these regions[C]these regions frequently become the first targets of deforestation[D]countries within these regions have a worse sense of environmental protection5. All of the following are practical considerations for protecting plant species EXCEPT____.[A]medicinal use of plant species[B]utilizing their genetic traits to develop better plant species[C]a sense of loss that some species disappear even before they are identified[D]production of food and oil for the dinner table out of them1. [A] 参阅第一段，这句话的意思是：在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们预计，在不久的将来，3 000种植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%以上——将可能灭绝。

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷十三)

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷十三）The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were —reptiles or birds —are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents asavings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.1. It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agreethat the[A] enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.[B] structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.[C] fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.[D] pterosaurs were reptiles.2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as[A] revolutionary.[B] unlikely.[C] unassailable.[D] probable.3. According to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the[A] size of its wingspan.[B] presence of hollow spaces in its bones.[C] anatomic origin of its wing strut.[D] presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.4. The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?[A] An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.[B] An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.[C] Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.[D] The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?[A] New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.[B] Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of specific information.[C] Three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.[D] Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题型。

考研英语阅读长难句lesson3

微博/公众号：章晋林老师
阅读语法长难句Lesson3
冒号和破折号的出现，意味着同位语的出现 It usually leads to no good——drinking, drugs and casual sex.
微博/公众号：章晋林老师
阅读语法长难句Lesson3
冒号和破折号的出现，意味着同位语的出现 It usually leads to no good——drinking, drugs and casual sex(同位语). 同位语取其一，在情感色彩明确的情况下，抽象化理解即可。
需要利用冒号之后内容): instead of thinking of it as something that can
be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Q：Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring____ [A] temporary delight [B] enjoyment in progress [C] happiness in retrospect [D] lasting reward
核心：PDA法案判定如果因为员工怀孕而开除她是非法的
微博/公众号：章晋林老师
阅读语法长难句Lesson3
A，B，C A+C完整，B无视 Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. On the other hand不影响A+C的语法完整性

2021年考研英语(一)真题第3篇

2021年考研英语(一)真题第3篇 Alternatives toConventional Paid MediaThe rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.过去，市场营销的成功诀窍简而言之就是一分钱一分货。

No longer. While traditional "paid" media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.然而时过境迁。

虽然传统的"付费"媒介，比如电视和广播广告、平面广告和路边广告牌等，仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。

Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.痴迷于某种产品的消费者，可能会乐意将之推荐给朋友，从而为企业创造因产品的优良品质带来的"无偿"媒介。

企业还可以利用"自有"媒介，通过邮件向其网站的注册用户发送产品和销售提示。

The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.事实上，如今消费者作出购买决定的方式，意味着市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介之外的广泛因素。

2021考研英语阅读题源分析及参考答案()

2021考研英语阅读题源分析及参考答案()真题：2021年1月考研英语试题(海文版)答案：[海文版海天版启航版] [在线估分]下载：2021年1月9日考研英语真题及答案解析：郭崇兴解析2021年考研英语视频徐绽解析2021年考研英语视频2021考研阅读text2-text3题源分析及参考答案北京新东方学校周雷Text 2A Pending Threat to Patentsby Michael OreyBusiness Week February 21, 2021Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. (AMZN) received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch (MER) got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box。

Now the nation's top patent court appears poised to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago (第二十六题 D答案对 the controversy over authorization). In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on Feb. 15 said it would use a case pending before it to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says Dennis D. Crouch, a patent professor at the University of Missouri School of Law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents. (第二十七题 D答案对 it may change the legal practice in US)"Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face (第二十八题 C答案对，change of the attitude，因为后面说联邦巡回法庭以前是很支持商业模式上的专利的，但是现在可能完全不支持了)， because it was the Federal Circuit itself that ushered in such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank (STT) case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by nascent Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their portfolios, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2021, IBM (IBM) noted in a courtfiling that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷三)

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷三）Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .The ridge 6 on a person’finger doesn’t change 7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases.A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.1. A. uselessnessB. quantityC. magnitudeD. uniqueness2. A. naturally B. exactlyC. especiallyD. particularly3. A. passed onB. passed awayC. passed outD. passed off4. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as5. A. reasonB. causeC. groundD. case6. A. constructionB. structureC. locationD. position7. A. withB. because ofC. untilD. under8. A. graveB. severeC. substantialD. superficial9. A. outsideB. outwardC. innerD. outer10. A. in timeB. on timeC. at timesD. behind time11. A. originalB. differentC. definiteD. customary12. A. restoredB. hurtC. destroyedD. restricted13. A. diminishB. disposeC. undermineD. remove14. A. andB. butC. whenD. if15. A. makeB. takeC. doD. adapt16. A. realizationB. detectionC. identificationD. investigation17. A. In spite ofB. Irrespective ofC. Because ofD. In case of18. A. suspectedB. doubtedC. distrustedD. doubtful19. A. out of caseB. in vainC. at randomD. in question20. A. lookB. expressionC. appearanceD. sight参考答案及解析：1. 【答案】D. uniqueness【解析】本题测试词义搭配。

2021考研英语真题阅读理解Text 3的题源

2021考研英语真题阅读理解Text 3的题源Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the proverbial playing field. But all too often such policies are a disingenuous form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. Haddad claims legislators have a “strong obligation” to rectify the situation. Lewis describes the issue as “critically important.”In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, the duo have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022. (The bill defines “woman” as any individual “whoself-identifies her gender as a woman, without regard to the individual’s designated sex at birth.”)Not content to impose Soviet-style quotas on state-appointed boards, Lewis also wants to subject the private sector to social engineering. His second bill would require publicly held corporations headquartered in Massachusetts to have at least one female director by 2022. By 2024, private companies with six or more directors would be required to have a minimum of three women on the board. Failure to comply could result in fines of up to $100,000.The proposal is similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest (such as privacy or safety). Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection.”But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government meddling. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2021 and 2021 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent. And their numbers are still growing.To be sure, women in 2021 still held only 15 percent of seats on global corporate boards, but the free market is clearly pushing companies in the right direction.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less qualified private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. According to a 2021 paper by USC professor Kenneth R. Ahern and University of Michigan professor Amy K. Dittmar, Norway’s gender quota “led to younger and less experienced boards . . . and deterioration in operating performance, consistent with less capable boards.”Advocates of state-mandated quotas may believe that less-experienced boards are a necessary price to pay to changecorporate culture and increase leadership opportunities for women. But gender quotas do nothing of the sort.Norway is once again instructive, since that country’s gender quotas have not had significant effect on corporate culture or led to the promotion of more women throughout the ranks. In fact, the only thing Norway’s gender quotas have done is benefit the individual women actually selected to serve on the corporate boards.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies (even if constitutional) are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.Jennifer C. Braceras is director of the Center for Law & Liberty at Independent Women’s Forum.。

2021考研英语讲义题源报刊泛读原文+练习·Lesson6

2021考研英语讲义题源报刊泛读原文+练习·Lesson621考研题源报刊泛读精读课Lesson6·The Problem With Self-RegulationJust the barest facts are unsettling. A federal regulator in the U.S. routinely permits a major American manufacturer to certify that its products are safe. Then, in recent months, 346 people perish. The company, of course, is Boeing Co.; the regulator is the Federal Aviation Administration. And while both say they did nothing wrong, the finer points of how the agency relied on the jetmaker’s assurances about the safety of flight-control software suspected in the crashes of two of its 737 Max jetliners are now the subject of federal investigations.The self-regulatory freedom enjoyed by Boeing is common in the U.S. And it raises questions about the efficacy of the nation’s consumer-protection system, long the envy of the world and part of the reason American products are trusted more than those of many other countries.Virginia Haufler, an associate professor of government and politics at University of Maryland and author of A Public Role for the Private Sector: Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy, attributes the spread of self-regulation to a broader global embrace of deregulation. Also, she says,“there has been a rise of very complicated technologies and industries, and in many cases government regulators or policymakers say, ‘You guys know what you’re talking about, so you come up with the details, and you handle it.’ ”Sam Berger, a former Obama White House adviser, says self-regulation is also the result of private-sector efforts, helped by parsimonious Congress members, to cripple federal agencies.“A lot of what we’re seeing is a realization by big business that if they couldn’t kill a regulation, they would work with allies in Congress to starve agencies of funding,” says Berger, now vice president for Democracy and Government Reform at the Center for American Progress.After the second crash of a Boeing 737 Max in March, former FAA employees told reporters how they’d been frustrated over the years by the FAA’s acquiescence toBoeing on safety checks. In 2012 a Transportation Department investigation found that the discontent created a “negative work environment” among FAA employees responsible for approving aircraft designs. Some said they’d faced retaliation if they raised their voices about it.The tight relationship between Boeing and the agency continued during the 737 Max’s safety assessment. Unnamed FAA engineers told the Seattle Times they’d been pressured by their managers to sign off on the jet, relying on Boeing’s submissions understating the potential impact of the flight-control software designed to keep the plane from stalling by pushing down its nose. The software is now suspected as the cause of the crashes.One reason people around the world buy American products is that they trust that these goods have been rigorously inspected by government regulators and are safe. If people no longer believe that, why would they buy American?Q1：According to the first two paragraphs, the U.S regulatory system seems to_____.A. promote its manufacturing businessB. harm the reputation of its productC. undermine its consumer-protection systemD. justify the power of its regulatorsQ2：Virginia Haufler holds that the preference for self-regulation_____.A. paves the way for global embrace of deregulationB. derives from the weakness of local governmentC. brings about the maturity of government regulatorsD. results partly from the advance of complex technologyQ3：Who are most likely to welcome the federal investigation over the crash?A. Congress membersB. White House advisersC. FAA employeesD. U.S. private-sectorsQ4：The FAA engineer’s statement is quoted to______A. prove the danger of the softwareB. expose the hazards of self-regulationC. illustrate the foresight of BoeingD. highlight the necessity of jet assessmentQ5：What is the author’s att itude towards the self-regulation policy?A. DisapprovalB. ContemptC. BiasedD. Appreciative。

【考研英语】2021年7月广东暨南大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)

【考研英语】2021年7月广东暨南大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. For example, warm temperature of the ocean can be used as the steam in a steamship. Sea may also offer a source of energy as electricity for mankind.Why does the author mention a steamship?A、To illustrate that man can make use of sources of energy from the sea.B、To show that a steamship is better than other kinds of ships.C、To argue that man should use steamships.D、To indicate that it is warmer in the ocean than on land.【正确答案】A【答案解析】作者在文章中提到蒸汽船，就是为了说明人类可以利用很多种海洋资源。

文章中说，除了石油和天然气，海洋还提供了很多新能源，接着就以蒸汽船为例证明这一点。

第2题【单选题】Somewhere around puberty (发育；青春期), something happens in the timing of the biological clock. (2)The clock pushes forward, soadolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.What is implied in the second paragraph?A、Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B、People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C、Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D、Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.【正确答案】C【答案解析】推理判断题，对应原句The clock pushes forward （推动）, so adolescents（青年）and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. 的含义是青年人以前睡觉还要早。

2021考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第3篇 - 毙考题

2021考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第3篇 - 毙考题毙考题APP2021考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第3篇The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions pu blished in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrut iny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:“The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the rese arch we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight b ehind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班邀请码：8806毙考题APPThis impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in stat istical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2021, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.总主编马西娅・麦克娜特今天宣布：《科学》杂志在同行评阅之外又增加一轮数据审查。

2021年考研英语阅读理解精选练习题(三)

2021年考研英语阅读理解精选练习题（三）Passage 3Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildingsshook in New York City, and clocks wer stopped in Washington, D.C. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.1. This passage is mainly aboutA)the New Madrid fault in MissouriB)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faultsD)current scientific knowledge about faults2. The New Madrid fault is.A) a horizontal faultB) a vertical faultC) a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD) responsible for forming the Mississippi River3. We may conclude from the passage that.A) it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB) the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC) California will become an island in futureD) A big earthquake will occur to California soon4. This passage implies that.A) horizontal faults are more dangerous than verticalB) Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC) Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake5. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means.A) greatlyC) basicallyB) extremelyD) necessarilyPassage 31.B2.B3.A4.C5.C。

2021年考研英语历年真题来源报刊阅读：第1篇

2021年考研英语历年真题来源报刊阅读：第1篇Thermoelectrics：Every little helpsHERE is a thought: approximately 60% of the energy converted in power generation is wasted. The price of energy is high, both in terms of the actual cost to the consumer and the consequences of the climate change that generating power from fossil fuels causes. If even a small proportion of this wasted heat could be converted to useful power, it would be a good thing.At this week’s meeting of the American Physical Society, in Baltimore, Mercouri Kanatzidis of Michigan State University proposed such a scheme. He advocates attaching thermoelectric devices that convert heat into electricity to chimney stacks and vehicle exhausts, to squeeze more useful energy from power generation.The technology to do so has existed for years. If one end of an electrical conductor is heated while the other is kept cool, a small voltage is created between the two. Placing two dissimilar metals, or other electrically conductive materials, in contact with each other and then heating them also generatesa voltage. Such devices, called thermocouples, are nowadays usually made using semiconductors. They are widely used as thermometers. But if they could be made cheaper, or more efficient, or both, they could also be employed to generate power.Dr Kanatzidis is developing new thermoelectric materials designed to be capable of converting up to 20% of the heat that would otherwise be wasted into useful electricity. The challenge lies in finding a substance that conducts electricity well and heat badly. These two properties define what physicists call the “figure of merit” of a thermoelectric substance, which describes the power a device made of that substance could generate. Dr Kanatzidis’s group aims to make materials with higher figures of merit than those attainable with today’s semiconductors.Since the electrical properties of solids depend on their crystal structures, his group is experimenting with new atomic lattices. In particular, they are working on a group of chemicals called chalcogenides. These are compounds of oxygen, sulphur, selenium and tellurium that are thought to be particularly suitable for thermoelectric applications because their structure allows electric currents to flow while blockingthermal currents. They thus have a high figure of merit. Dr Kanatzidis’s group is developing new ways of making these compounds crystallise correctly.But even existing devices could become economically useful as fuel prices rise, Dr Kanatzidis argues. In America, transport accounts for a quarter of the energy used. Fitting small thermoelectric devices to the exhaust pipes of vehicles could squeeze another 10% from the fuel—a saving that would be especially relevant in hybrid petrol/electric devices where the battery is recharged in part by recycling energy that would otherwise be dissipated by energy-draining activities such as braking. Similarly, attaching thermoelectric devices to the flues of power plants could generate more useful power.And thermoelectric devices could be used in other areas. They could work alongside solar cells and solar heating systems. They could also be used in geothermal and nuclear power plants. Dr Kanatzidis argues that wherever heat is generated as part of power generation, thermoelectric devices could help extract more useful energy. Waste not, want not.考研词汇：converted a.更换信仰的, 修改的advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者;v.提倡，鼓吹[真题例句]One of the first advocates (n.) for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. [2021年新题型] [例句精译] Laval大学一位研究人员是首先提出创立全国性代理机构的倡导者之一。

2021年考研英语范文阅读(三)

考研英语范文阅读（三）Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationi___/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explainto a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that thereare not two equally valid scientific theories for theorigin and evolution of universe and life. Co ___ology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified,and constantly improving aount of what happened. Scientific creationi ___, which is being pushed by some for equal timein the classrooms whenever the scientific aounts ofevolution are given, is based on religion, not scien ___. Virtually all scientists and the ___jority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have e to regardscientific creationi ___ as bad scien ___ and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate pla ___s, heintrodu ___s the critici ___s of the creationists andprovides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes offhis gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for thoseunfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent oftheir de ___ption and distortion ___y e as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, onemight have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcheris philosopher, and this ___y aount, in part, for theclarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionarytheory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does-and all would be well were reasonthe only judge in the creationi ___/evolution debate. 67. Creationi ___ in the passage refers to ________. （A）evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe （B）a notion of the creation of religion （C）the scientific explanation of the earth for ___tion （D）the de ___ptive theory about the origin of theuniverse 68. Kitcher's book is intended to ________. （A）remend the views of the evolutionists （B）expose the true features of creationists （C）curse bitterlyat this opponents （D）launch a surprise attack on creationists 69. From the passage we can infer that________. （A）reasoning has played a decisive role inthe debate （B）creationists do not base theirargument on reasoning （C）evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists （D）creationi ___ is supported by scientific findings 70. This passageappears to be a digest of ________. （A）a book review （B）a scientific paper （C）a ___gazine feature（D）a newspaper editorial 答案及试题解析 DBBA 67.（D）意为：关于宇宙起源的虚假理论。