考研英语阅读理解视频课程讲义
研究生英语阅读教程-基础级PPT B_reading_02
Background Information
In the American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university. Foreign students who would like to attend an American college or university must have completed coursework that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high school.
Background Information
3. Undergraduate school Students who have completed high school and would like to attend college or university must attend what is referred to as an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a bachelor’s degree) in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. While most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their education at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelor’s degree.
03.考研英语二阅读讲义-语意理解题
考研英语二阅读讲义语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）【大纲要求】根据上下文推测生词词义。
【题型界定】语义理解题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子意思的能力，可细分为词汇题、指代题和句子理解题三类。
词汇题所考查的词汇多为超纲词和熟词僻义词，指代题往往问代词指代对象，句子理解题多考作者表述或引用他人某一句话的用意，有时这句话会以比喻或类比等形式出现。
【题干特征】The word/phrase“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)most probably means____________.Which of the following best defines the word“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)?The sentence“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)shows that____________.“This”refers to(Line X,Paragraph X)____________.【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法1.反义（转折）关系常见引导词：but yet however on the other hand while not ande.g.He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法2.同义关系常见引导词：and ore.g.job and occupation3.定义关系常见引导词：that is，callede.g.The food is hard but brittle，that is，it can break easily.例题一【2010-2】例：27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line2,Para.2)most probably means_______.［A］generating motivation［B］exerting influence［C］causing damage［D］creating pressure原文①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.①The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.例题二【2012-4】例：36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_________.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]make profits from the troubled economy[C]explore reasons for the unemployment[D]look on the bright side of the recession原文①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.例题三【2016-1】例：25.The word“coax”(Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.Challenge原文①Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.②But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.③These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.④The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.【指代题】【解题思路】(1)返回原文，找到该指代词(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性短语或句子(3)将找到的词、词组或者句子带入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺“向上搜索，进行带入”例题一【2013-2】例：26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who.[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily[B]leave their home countries for good[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]find permanent jobs overseas原文①A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.③Between1908and1915,about7million people arrived while about2million departed.④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.⑤They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.【句子理解题】【大纲要求】理解句子在文中的含义【句子理解题】【解题思路】返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推断（即考虑该句所在段落中句与句的逻辑关系），或直接结合文章主旨题解题。
04.考研英语二阅读讲义-篇章结构题
考研英语二阅读讲义篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）【例证题】通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。
根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为1.开头举例2.细节例证3.全文例证【例证题-开头举例】1.例子的标志：(1)example,case,story(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）2.题干特征：提问写作意图…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.The example of…is used to show___.3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。
4.解题技巧开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头【典型例题】【2003-1】英一例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information....These days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.【典型例题】【2006-3】英一例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.例题一【2010-2】例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?［A］The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.原文Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.例题二【2013-1】例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_____.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes原文Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.【例证题-细节例证】1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。
16考研英语语法j讲义
2016考研英语基础语法讲义语法专题——长难句分析：不考语法，语法渗透在试题中。
长难句会频繁用在阅读，完型等试题当中。
试卷中明确考察的试题主要有一个，即翻译。
考研的难点：词汇和长难句如何攻克：剖析其结构、推敲其译文、总结其特征如何有效破解——通过一套完整的拆分信号，而这套信号就是我们在这次语法课程当中讲到的考研语法体系。
This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.看到这句是不是有些稍许的茫然This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion.看到这句心里边升起了光明的一线This trend began during the secondWorldWar.再看这句，人生变的色彩斑斓This trend began.这句一看，所有的疑问便烟消云散。
释义：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家政府得出这样的结论：具体的要求通常是无法具体地预见到的。
以上的那个句子经过层层的抽丝剥剥茧，达到了以下的最精炼的一个呈现。
达到这样的境界的话，你能第一时间抓住句子的主干，从而提高理解的速度和精度。
•真题再现（2004年翻译第46题）•The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.•结构分析：正确翻译此句关键在于弄清楚which在句子中所指代的先行词是什么。
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2017考研英语新题型所有题型全部真题及大纲样题全精讲专用讲义(英语一)
2017考研英语一新题型历年所有题型及大纲样题全精讲编讲商志主讲介绍：★直取本质，彻底破解，主讲的考研英语传奇系列课程成为了考研界无人能够企及的巅峰之作；★考研英语辅导史上划时代的传奇名师，其课堂批量制造高分，被称为“高分梦工厂”、“牛人集中营”；★教育部考试中心首席专家，高等教育出版社考研英语高分系列图书主编，“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”★考研英语应试教学法第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,考研英语辅导神话的缔造者,全国一线城市考研英语首席主讲拨开考研迷雾打破英语瓶颈揭示致命误区铺就高分坦途阅读理解B部分是在2005年才设置的，之前在考研英语试卷上没有这种题型，所以这种题型被称为新题型。
也就是说，迄今为止，新题型一共只考过12年。
其中英语一共考过12次（2005年到2016年）、英语二共考过7次（2010年到2016年）。
一、大纲对阅读理解B部分的要求本部分1篇500---600词左右的文章，共5题,10分。
主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的总体结构和微观结构。
实际上就是《大纲》对考生提出的阅读理解八项技能要求中的第六项“(考生应能)理解文章的整体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系”的具体体现。
本部分有5种备选题型，实际考试时将从中仅选择一种进行命题。
需要注意的是：英语一只考前3种。
而英语二只考其中的后2种。
题型一：试题内容是一篇文章中有5个空白处。
每个空白处本应有一个或一组句子。
文章后面有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选出能放进文章中每个空白处的一段文字，使上下文连贯、一致。
英语一的12年真题中有7年考了这种题型，分别是05、06、08、09、12、13以及2015年。
题型二：在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(6--7个)重新排序，其中1-2个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
英语阅读答题技巧
③ 冒号。冒号的后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。
④ 分号。分号是用来分隔句子的，并列结构：语意上的并列、结构上的并列。
⑤ 破折号。两个破折号之间是补充说明成分，在阅读中可以先不读。如果不能读懂破折号之前的句子的意思可借助破折号间的内容加以理解。
3.宏观阅读的方法 ：
怎样对待一篇文章：
① 一般来说，任何一篇文章都讲一个主题。
② 注意抓两类文体：一个是议论者态度。
③ 注意看清楚文章是由几个自然段构成，同时要注意看清楚文章的段落与段落之间是顺承结构还是转折结构。
⑥ 引号。引用和讽刺两种作用：⑴引用某人的观点（是支持还是反对）；⑵用来反讽，讽刺。
引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想，否则就没有意义。
⑦括号。两种作用：补充说明、解释生词。
2.微观阅读的技巧 ：
① 抓主干。
② 看标点符号。
③ 被动变主动。
but, yet, although, however, in contrast（与之形成对照的是）
⑶ 表示结果的词：thus, as a result, consequence
⑷ 表示递进的词：further more, in addition to
⑸ 表示重要的词：prime（首要的）； above all（最重要的）；first of all
10.重点题型中的几个问题：
① 词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义
② 句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。
③ 推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。
2021考研英语《恋练有词》讲义U14-U16
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考研英语写作(基础)讲义
考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义北京新东方学校王江涛第一节考研写作总论一、课程安排：1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读2、应用文：书信类、告示类3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）6、图表作文二、评卷实例：2001年真题Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.1、20分范文：Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim lightcan give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.2、18分范文It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places. This tells us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp. It is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. She could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not very good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed help very much. I asked her what she wanted. She told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way to her hotel. It was a small thing but she thanked me very much because my help was needed very much. My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark place, showing our love, giving our help to others, even to strangers. In this way, we can make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、复习计划：1、考前复习：1）攻克词汇：2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵3）适当模考：2、写作练习：3、时间分配：1）14：00－14：15 写作A节2）14：15－14：50 写作B节3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节4）16：00－16：20 完型填空5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节第二节应用文一、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、十遍精读：1）精彩词汇2）精彩词组3）精彩句型4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个7）同义替换：词汇＋句型8）代词替换：it, that, they9）精彩观点：10）原因建议：2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善3、默写：发现写作弱点4、中译英：提高写作实力5、写作：模仿（二）掌握技巧：万能框架二、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
[3-插入语]考研英语绝杀长难句课程讲义
![[3-插入语]考研英语绝杀长难句课程讲义](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d1545adb7cd184254a35351d.png)
第三节插入语插入语指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。
通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。
例如：You,indeed,is a good friend.副词可以充当插入语。
例1：Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise.(英二2014T2）因此，Facebook就成为了自我拉抬者的乐园。
例2：The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture..... (英一2016T1）然而，法国的措施过于依赖严厉惩罚来改变一种文化。
介词短语可以充当插入语。
例3：Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.（英二2019T1）换言之，内疚感有助于将一个合作性物种凝聚在一起。
例4：The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.（英二2017T1）相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多人参与运动且产生更多的精英运动员。
例5：The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much happiness in the world today.（英一2006T4）事实上，原因可能正好相反，如今的世界上有太多的快乐。
例6：Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to6.1percent,as good news.（英二2015T4）许多人将劳工部六月所公布的“就业岗位新增28.8万，且失业率降至6.1%”视为福音大加谈论。
2020考研英语KK阅读三步法精华总结讲义(何凯文)
2020考研英语KK 阅读三步法精华总结补充讲义（何凯文）1*建议在听何凯文老师【五夜十篇】课程之前听完翻译和这个课，能达到更好学习效果，即便之前没听过何老师阅读课的同学也能通过此课更好的跟上节奏，取得明显的提升！*最晚要在10月份搞定阅读，之后留更多时间给写作、以及其他科目！大家冲鸭！！！20考研KK 阅读三步法精华总结课补充电子讲义以下例题为“定位信息充分”时举的例子例题1—E1-2016-T4Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses,delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to ________.[A]the high cost of operation[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the increasing online ad sales例题2—E1-2016-T4Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it,you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should ________.[A]seek new sources of readership[B]end the print edition for good[C]aim for efficient management[D]make strategic adjustments。
2018年会计硕士考研辅导课件管理类联考强化班讲义英语二阅读
2018年会计硕士考研辅导课件管理类联考强化班讲义英语二阅读阅读1.考点分析2.题型方法3.真题讲解第一章考点分析考试要求1.理解主旨要义2.理解文中的具体信息3.理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系4.根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义5.进行一定的判断和推理6.理解作者的意图、观点或态度能力考察1.词汇量与词汇处理能力一词多义熟词僻义（convention）2.阅读能力长难句3.背景知识4.解题招数篇幅特征共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右，每篇文章的长度多在375词左右，多由4~6段组成。
话题特征多选取西方国家尤其是美、英等国广泛关注的话题，文章主题可分为管理、商业经济、社会生活、文化教育、科普知识等。
体裁与结构模式现象分析型主张反主张观点／结论——论证概括——具体第二章题型方法阅读题型1.具体信息题2.语义理解题3.观点态度题4.推断题5.主旨要义题6.篇章结构题具体信息题1.题干特征According to the author/thetext/Paragraph X, ...whWhich of the following is true of...?Which of the following is true according to the text/the first two paragraphs?We learn from the lastparagraph/Paragraph X/the text that......feature/were characterized by.2.正确项特征是原文的同义重述（替换）——对原文进行重新加工，用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。
1）同义词、近义词 2）替换3.干扰项特征偷换概念： A B答非所问：以偏概全：范围无中生有：正反混淆： not过于绝对： most all the only逻辑颠倒： A导出B4.解法单一信息题：一般只涉及某一个或多个句子综合信息题：针对文章的某一段或数段甚至全文进行提问，内容覆盖面较广选项代入语义理解题1.题干特征（1）词义题The word/phrase “...”（Line X,The word “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）Which of the following best defines the word “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）?（2）句意题The sentence “...”（Line X, ParagraphBy （saying）“...”（Line X, ParagraphWhat does the author mean by “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）?2.正确项特征原文中存在其同义词、近义词、反义词、原词、概括词或其他解释说明。
2021考研英语阅读技巧解密课程-何凯文-4月29日现场版讲义
第二题： Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and Join the Club is not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.
因果考点： 1.因果词的总结。（识别因果） 2.区分原因和结果。
例题一： The accumulation of knowledge gives rise to the professionalism. The professionalism is the response to the accumulation of knowledge.
第二类：源自…; 归因于…; 前果后因 Derive from, come from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, spring from, grow out of, be attributable to; attribute 结果 to 原因；demand
原文：Some attributed every important cultural achievement(果) to the inventions of a few gifted peoples.（因） 选项：According to some people, every important cultural achievement is attributable to the inventions of a few gifted peoples. （对的！）
2021考研英语《恋练有词》讲义U4-U6讲义
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新东方考研英语翻译技巧 附丁雪明完型讲义
第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。
考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。
如：（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。
·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。
·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。
·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。
（三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。
首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。
其体裁基本上是议论文。
如：1990年：人的性格和行为分析1991年：能源与农业1992年：智力评估的科学性1993年：科学研究的方法1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系1995年：标准化测试与评估1996年：科学发展的差别和动力1997年：动物的权利1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论1999年：历史研究的方法论2000年：政府调控与工业化发展2001年：计算机与未来生活2002年：行为科学的发展2003年：人类学的发展2004年：语言学2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介2006年：美国知识分子的作用2007年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。
何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义完美打印版本
考研英语长难句打破讲义合用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。
课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真实获取一扇通向别样漂亮世界的窗户，人生此后再无长难句。
为英语写作夯实基础。
课程安排：方法论解说；难句分析；考试实战操练第一部分方法论解说引子我们为何要精读句子1.精读能力的要求（除去阻碍的阅读）自由笔录区目标：正确【重要】精读2．泛读能力的要求（宽泛获守信息的阅读）目标：快速技术：高职阅读的实质过程是什么知识：本科Input （英文） -mind （句子层面） -output （中文）思想：研究生思想：博士阅读在句子层面的阻碍1．含义2．语序简单句的阻碍根源简单句：只有一套谓语的句子基本句型包含：主 +谓，主 +谓 +宾，主 +谓 +双宾，主 +谓 +宾 +宾补，主 +系 +表定语，状语，同位语，插入语简单句的阻碍辨别及办理方法定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem- 定义 -细化 -solution （思想方式）前置定语： adj+名词后置定语：形容词短语：形容词+介词 +名词this is a book useful for your futureVing a woman walked on the roadVed a painting painted by Janen. +to do a way to solve the problem介词短语：介词+名词 a bottle of water on the table表语形容词：alive a cat alive解决方案：前置P． S： I want to be part of something big.Something 属于不定代词。
【不定代词定语置后】定语从句（不属于简单句范围）指引词关系代词：人称代词：物主代词：who whom which that as +whose + 完好句非完好句关系连（副）词：where why when how + 完好句介词 +关系代词： 1 宾语 +非完好句This is the expert/( to whom )we are turning.2 状语 +完好句There is something([ by the virtue of] which)(指代something) the man is the man .that/as不能加介词 3 定语 +完好句There are a lot of problems (of which )the fetching fresh water isthe forest.in that=because【 1 拆分 2 找指代 3 定成分】同位语 :在句子中和名词处于相同地点的成分。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)PPT 03
Warm-up Activities
1. Do you ever know any one who often bullies others? 2. What did you do to such a person, to stand up to him, 3. or just run away?
2. While reading, concentrate on the plot of the stories and try to remember the important facts in the stories.
3. When you finish reading, write down your reading time on the SCOREBOARD.
2. Do you think we can learn something from standing up to bullies?
Language Points
1. lose one’s cool become angry and behave in an excited way; blow one’s cool（失去自制而）激动起来 (line 4, para. 2)
About the Author
From 1970 to 1981, Mr. Giuliani served as Associate Deputy Attorney General, Chief of Staff to the Deputy Attorney General, executive U.S. Attorney, and Chief of the Narcotics Unit of the Office of the U.S. Attorney. He also practiced law in private practice. On March 31, 2005, Mr. Giuliani became a name partner in the law firm of Bracewell and Giuliani.
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)PPT 08
How to Preread Prereading involves looking only at those parts of the reading material that will tell you what it is about or how it is organized. The portions to look at in reading a textbook chapter are listed below.
2. Are there any censorship regulations on songs and music in our country?
3. What impact does music have on our perceptions?
4. What role does music play in our life and society?
About the Author
Sam Becker is a resolutely centered teacher-scholar- adviser. He grew up in Quincy, Illinois, lived with his family in St. Louis, and moved to Iowa City in the early 1940s, completing his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. at the University of Iowa, and, for good measure, staying here. More than half a century of his life has been spent here —only an hour from the river that defines Middle America geographically and culturally.
02.考研英语二阅读讲义-推理引申题
考研英语二阅读讲义推理引申题【大纲要求】进行一定的判断和推理。
【题型界定】该题型强调对原文内容进行深层次的挖掘，找到文中隐含意义或言外之意。
其答案往往由字面意义推导出更深层次的含义。
提问方式常见的有：It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_______.We can imply from paragraph1that______.Which of the following is true according to the passage？本题型问的是文章深层次而非浅表层的含义。
需借助上下文关系进行判断【解题思路】判断推理题都按细节题的方法做，提到的选，没提到的不选判断推理题正确选项特征：意相近，形相远例题一【2012-1】21.It is implied in Paragraph1that nowadays homework___.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is gaining more preferences[C]is no longer an educational ritual[D]is not required for advanced courses原文：Ⅰ①Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.②School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.③Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.例题二【2012-2】27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls’DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]White is preferred by babies.[D]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.原文：Ⅱ①Girls’attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it is not.②Children were not colour-coded at all until the early20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.③What's more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses....例题三【2015-2】30.We may infer from the last paragraph that_______.[A]universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question原文：①Many first-generation students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn the‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of college resources,”they write.②And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.③”Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experiences,many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students‘like them’can improve.”推理引申题常考点常考点一：句内句际逻辑处【2011-1】24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors______.[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm原文①But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.③Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.【2014-2】30.It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer's paradise because people can_____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional lifestyles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sides原文：①Knowing the results of Epley’s study,it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level,they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.②Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.③It's not that people's profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University,“but they portray an idealised version of themselves.”常考点二：段落主旨处【2011-2】29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.原文：①The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.②Car and film reviewers have gone.③So have science and general business reporters.④Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.⑤Newspapers are less complete as a result.⑥But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.细节题VS推理引申题1、部分有明确关键词的推理引申题≈细节题例题【2014-4】39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_____.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]relieve the ministers of responsibilities[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]lessen the impact of government interference原文：Ⅵ①Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.2、部分针对段落提问的推理引申题≈段落主旨题例题【2015-3】35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[B]Regular people mock it but accept it.[C]Companies find it to be fundamental.[D]Managers admire it but avoid it.原文：①But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.②As a linguist once said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”③In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.推理引申题经典范文2011Text4①Will the European Union make it?②The question would have sounded strange not long ago.③Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.①As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16 countries that use the single currency.②Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.①Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck.②It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone,but disagree about what to harmonise.①Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing,spending and competitiveness,backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.②These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects,and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils.③It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all27members of the EU club,among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;in the inner core alone,Germany fears,a small majority favour French interference.①A“southern”camp headed by France wants something different:“European economic government”within an inner core of euro-zone members.②Translated,that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members,via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.③Finally,figures close to the French government have murmured,euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation:e.g.,curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.①It is too soon to write off the EU.②It remains the world’s largest trading block.③At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal:built around a single market of27rich and poor countries,its internal borders are far more open to goods,capital and labour than any comparable trading area.④It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation,and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with so many problems that.[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37.The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers.[A]are competing for the leading position[B]are busy handling their own crises[C]fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation[D]disagree on the steps towards disintegration38.To solve the euro problem,Germany proposed that.[A]EU funds for poor regions be increased[B]stricter regulations be imposed[C]only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D]voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39.The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that.[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries[D]rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40.Regarding the future of the EU,the author seems to feel.[A]pessimistic[B]desperate[C]conceited[D]hopeful。