2010~2018年湖南长沙市中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案 翻译

翻译一．填空题（共4小题）1．（2016•长沙）Reading an English newspaper is a good way to improve a student's language ability．As there are many useful and common words in an English newspaper，it may help students increase their vocabulary（词汇量）as well as improve their reading skills．（66）他们可以从报纸上学到新的知识．But what is the proper way to read an English newspaper？Do students need to look over all the content（内容）of the newspaper？The first step is to choose a right newspaper with good language．Then turn to the front page and read the headlines（标题）to know what has happened．As the most important things are put on the front page，it's easy to find out what you're interested in and then turn to the page to read it completely．（67）There is no need to go through all the articles．Secondly，read newspapers every day．Remember words through context（上下文），in which these words may appear repeatedly．（68）Once they appear several times，you will remember them easily．Don't look up every unknown word in your dictionary．You can try to guess the meaning between sentences．（69）如果你的猜测错了，不要放弃．Keep reading，and you will become familiar with the words after reading them several times in different texts．Reading English newspapers makes us knowledgeable．（70）It can not only help us know what is happening in the world but also improve our language．66．They can learn new knowledge from newspapers67．没有必要浏览所有的文章68．一旦这些词出现多次，你就能轻而易举地记住它们了69．If your guess is wrong，don't give up70．读英语报纸不仅能帮助我们了解时事，而且还能提高我们的语言水平．【解答】66．They can learn new knowledge from newspapers，考察英汉互译，分析汉语句子含义，学习新知识是learning new knowledge，而从报纸上是学习的途径和方法，可以用from来表示，由此确定填写They can learn new knowledge from newspapers．67．没有必要浏览所有的文章．考察英汉互译，固定句式There is no need to do sth译为没有必要做某事，go through译为浏览，在此指浏览所有文章，由此确定答案为"没有必要浏览所有的文章"68．一旦这些词出现多次，你就能轻而易举地记住它们了．考察英汉互译，分析句子结构，once在此译为一旦，用来引导条件状语从句，在从句中，they指代前面一句出现的these words，由此确定此句可翻译为一旦这些词汇出现很多次；后面一句是此条件背后引发的结果，动词为remember，译为记住，而副词easily用来修饰remember表示容易记住，由此确定此题答案为"一旦这些词出现多次，你就能轻而易举地记住它们了"．69．If your guess is wrong，don't give up．考察英汉互译，分析句子结构，如果你的猜测错了应该是条件状语从句，由于后句中用到的将来时（will），所以此处应该用一般现在时表示将来，对于后句部分直译为不要放弃，可以用don't引导的祈使句，放弃为give up，由此确定填写"If your guess is wrong，don't give up．"70．读英语报纸不仅能帮助我们了解时事，而且还能提高我们的语言水平．考察英汉互译，分析句子结构，用到的句型为not noly…but also，译为不仅…还…此处it指代上文Reading English newspapers，译为读英语报纸；help sb do sth译为帮助某人做某事，what is happening in the world 在此为宾语从句，表明知道的内容，那就是知道世界发生的事情，由此确定填写"读英语报纸不仅能帮助我们了解时事，而且还能提高我们的语言水平" 2．（2013•长沙）Australia is the greatest island in the world．（71）澳大利亚比中国小一点．Australia is big，but there are fewer people there．The population（人口）of Australia is smaller than that of Shanghai，a city of China．（72）Australia is in the south of the earth．So when it is hot summer in our country，Australia will be cold winter．The seasons in Australia and in China are just opposite（相反的）．Summer in Australia is from December to February，and winter is from July to August．（73）When it's spring in China，it will be autumn in Australia．（74）澳大利亚因绵羊和袋鼠而著名．They are both popular in Australia．（75）You can see kangaroos（袋鼠）not only in zoos but also outside the cities and towns．There are ten sheep for everyone in the country．So people call Australia"The country on the backs of sheep"．After a short drive from any town，you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep．Sheep，sheep，sheep，sheep are everywhere．Have you seen a kangaroo？It has a"bag"on its body．The mother kangaroo keeps its baby kangaroos in the"bag"．It's very strange，isn't it？71．Australia is a little smaller than China72．澳大利亚在地球的南部73．当中国是春季时，澳大利亚是秋季74．Australia is famous for sheep and kangaroos75．你不但在动物园可以看到袋鼠，而且在城，镇以外的地方可以看到袋鼠．【解答】71．Australia is a little smaller than China．汉译英：根据句意可知是比较状语从句，a little smaller小一点；than比．所以本句翻译成：Australia is a littlesmaller than China．72．澳大利亚在地球的南部．英译汉：根据in the south of 在…的南部；be动词是is；the earth地球．所以本句汉语意思为：澳大利亚在地球的南部．73．当中国是春季时，澳大利亚是秋季．英译汉：根据when连词，当…时候，引导时间状语从句；will be将是，一般将来时态．所以本句汉语意思为：当中国是春季时，澳大利亚将是秋季．74．Australia is famous for sheep and kangaroos．汉译英：根据be famous for因…而著名；sheep and kangaroos绵羊和袋鼠．所以本句翻译成：Australia is famous for sheep and kangaroos．75．你不但在动物园可以看到袋鼠，而且在城，镇以外的地方可以看到袋鼠．英译汉：not only…but also…不但…而且…；outside the cities and towns在城市与城镇以外．所以本句汉语意思为：你不但在动物园可以看到袋鼠，而且在城市与城镇以外的地方也可以看到袋鼠．3．（2012•长沙）In the animal world，color is very important to nature's animals，birds and insects （昆虫）．Often it can save their lives．Nature is beautiful and we can see its beauty everywhere．（71）自然界色彩丰富．Plants，animals，birds and insects have many beautiful colors．Color，however，for animals，birds and insects is not only beauty．It means life to them because it helps them hide from other dangerous animals．（72）Some birds use their colors to tell other birds to stay away from their"houses"on the tree．They sing and move their wings to show their colors as a message to other birds．（73）One kind of butterfly is orange and black，Birds do not like eating them because they have a bad taste．Once a bird eats this kind of butterfly，it remembers the bad taste．After that，it will never eat another orange and black butterfly．Some moths（飞蛾）use colors to make birds afraid of them．A bird can remember the colorsor marks on the moth's body．The bird sees the colors or the marks and doesn't eat the moth．One kind of fish can change its color．（74）这颜色与海洋植物的颜色相同．Other fish can't see it．Of course，the chameleon（变色龙）is the most famous because he can change his body as he walks from a tree onto green plane （75）You can see him turn green as you watch．（71）Nature is full of colors．（72）一些鸟用它们的颜色警告其它鸟不要靠近它们在树上的窝．（73）有一种蝴蝶，橙色与黑色相间．（74）The color is the same as the sea plants．（75）当你观察的时候，你会看着他变成绿色．．【解答】71．答案：Nature is full of colors．汉译英．原句可以用be full of"充满…"表达，主语"自然界"Nature，不可数名词，表示客观事实用一般现在时态，因此用be动词单数is．"色彩"colors复数形式．答案是Nature is full of colors．72．答案：一些鸟用它们的颜色警告其它鸟不要靠近它们在树上的窝．英译汉．这是一个陈述句，主语"Some birds"一些鸟．use sth to do sth使用某物做某事．their colors"它们的颜色"，tell sb to do sth"告诉某人做某事"，不定式to后用动词原形tell．other birds其它鸟．stay away from远离．不定式to后用动词原形stay．their houses它们的房子．on the tree 在树上．地点状语．答案是一些鸟用它们的颜色警告其它鸟不要靠近它们在树上的窝．73．答案：有一种蝴蝶，橙色与黑色相间．英译汉．one kind of"一种…"，后跟名词butterfly 蝴蝶．谓语动词用单数is是．orange and black橙色和黑色，形容词，系表结构．答案是有一种蝴蝶，橙色与黑色相间．74．答案：The color is the same as the sea plants．汉译英．主语"这颜色"the color．be the same as与…相同．主语是不可数名词，一般现在时态，因此用be动词单数is．"海洋植物"the sea plants．答案是The color is the same as the sea plants．75．答案：当你观察的时候，你会看着他变成绿色．英译汉．这是as"当…时候"引导的时间状语从句．强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，主句主语you你，情态动词can后跟动词原形see看到．see sb do sth看到某人做完某事．him代指变色龙．turn green变绿色．从句主语you你，watch观看．答案是当你观察的时候，你会看着他变成绿色．4．（2011•长沙）翻译语篇阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文．"If he doesn't call me，I'm going to die!"That's a pretty normal feeling．It means you are"in love"﹣kind of．It's puppy love（早恋，初恋），not real love﹣not true love，yet．Puppy love is common among students all over the world．In the West，people think puppy love is a healthy part of a teenager's life．（71）在中国，父母和老师们认为这是个问题In China，parents and teachers think it is a problem．Puppy love is beautiful．It's cool to love someone，or be loved by someone else instead of your mother or your dog．It can make you a better person．（72）你会懂得怎样用爱去帮助他人．You will know how to use your love to help other people．If you find yourself"in love"，it's OK，but…wait!（73）Now you have a lot of important things to do．现在你有许多重要的事情要做．Think of these questions：Will you still love him or her ten years later？Do you have enough education to find a good job and live a happy life with the person you love in the future？What would you do if you found someone better than him or her？I bet（打赌）you are not sure of these answers．Why？（74）Because you are too young to understand true love．因为你太小还不懂真爱．（75）当你长大时，真爱就会来临．True love will come when you grow up．Now，you should try to be the best person you can be，and do the very best you can．That means doing well at school and being a good son or daughter first．【解答】71．在中国，父母和老师们认为这是个问题．英译汉题．in China表示在中国的含义，parents and teachers表示父母和老师的含义，think后是省略了that的宾语从句，a problem表示的含义为一个问题，故本句可翻译为在中国，父母和老师认为它是个问题．72．你会懂得怎样用爱去帮助他人．英译汉题．will know表示将会知道的含义，疑问词+to do作为know的宾语，use your love表示使用的爱的含义，to help others表示去帮助别人的含义，动词不定式作目的状语．故本句可翻译为你将会懂得如何用你的爱来帮助别人73．Now you have a lot of important things to do．汉译英题．表达客观事实用一般现在时，a lot of important things表示许多重要事情的含义，后使用动词不定式to do作为后置定语，故本句可翻译为Now you have a lot of important things to do．74．Because you are too young to understand true love．汉译英题．表达客观事实用一般现在时，because表示原因，意思为因为，too…to表示太…而不能的含义，understand true love 表示明白真爱的含义，故本句可翻译为Because you are too young to understand true love．75．当你长大时，真爱就会来临．英译汉题．when引导时间状语从句，表示当…时候的意思，grow up表示长大的含义，true love表示真爱的含义，时态遵循主将从现．故本句可翻译为当你长大了真爱就会到来．二．阅读理解（共3小题）5．（2015•长沙）What are magic words？Words like‘thank you'，‘please'and‘sorry'can work wonders in our daily life．These polite expressions are used every day in American﹣among strangers，between friends or with family．（66）People with good manners always communicate with others well by using these magic words．What should you do when you receive a gift for your birthday？（67）你最好坐下来写一封感谢信．（68）The words‘thank you'are very important and used very often．We say them when someone hands us a letter，passes us a book，offers us a drinks，or lends us an umbrella．‘Please'is another important word，but many people forget to use it．It is not polite to ask someone for help without saying‘please'．（69）We are supposed to use it when we ask for something，too．It may be a book，a pen，or more milk．It may be in the classroom，at home，or at the bus stop．We can use‘please'to make a request（请求）pleasant．（70）我们也应该学会说‘对不起'．If we have hurt someone's feeling，we will have to say ‘sorry'．When we have told a lie and regret it，the same word should be used．Sometimes we have forgotten something or broken a promise，so we need to explain with the word as a beginning．‘sorry'is such a word that can make people forget wrongs．‘Thank you!Please!Sorry!'﹣these words are simple but useful．Man said them long ago．We use them now．So will our kids．66．有礼貌的人经常通过使用这些有魔力的词汇与别人很好的交流．67．You'd better sit down and write a thank﹣you note．68．"谢谢"这类词非常重要并且经常被使用69．当我们需要某些东西的时候，我们也应该使用它．70．We should learn to say "sorry"too．【解答】66．有礼貌的人经常通过使用这些有魔力的词汇与别人很好的交流．英汉互译题．good manners 好的习惯，有礼貌，with的这个短语在句中做后置定语，修饰前面的名词people；communicatewith others是一个固定的短语，和某人交流；by using these magic words是一个介词短语做方式状语，通过使用这些有魔力的词汇．故答案为：有礼貌的人经常通过使用这些有魔力的词汇与别人很好的交流．67．You'd better sit down and write a thank﹣you note．英汉互译题．had better固定短语，最好…，后面应跟动词的原形；sit down坐下来；write a letter/note写一封信．根据句意可知，这里说的是感谢信，thank﹣you是合成形容词，感谢的，修饰后面的名词note．这句话中用and 将两个谓语动词连接起来．故答案为：You'd better sit down and write a thank ﹣you note．68．"谢谢"这类词非常重要并且经常被使用．英汉互译题．thank you谢谢，是固定的短语；important重要的，是一个形容词；used 前面省略了be动词，这里应该是一个被动语态，像"谢谢"这样的词经常被使用．故答案为："谢谢"这类词非常重要并且经常被使用．69．当我们需要某些东西的时候，我们也应该使用它．英汉互译题．be supposed to do sth．是一个固定的句型，应该去做某事；when在句中引导了一个时间状语从句；ask for sth．需要某个东西，想要某个东西；当有从句时，为了使句意通顺，我们可以先翻译从句的意思．故答案为：当我们需要某些东西的时候，我们也应该使用它．70．We should learn to say "sorry" too．英汉互译题．should是情态动词，意思是应该，后跟动词的原形；learn to do sth．学会做某事，是一个固定的句型；say"sorry"说对不起．too 也，是一个副词，常放在句末．故答案为：We should learn to say "sorry" too．6．（2014•长沙）Sometimes you feel busy and worried．（66）．你可能有许多事情要做，时间却不够．You may wonder，"Where does time go？"Here are some ideas to help you make use of it and find more free time to enjoy your life．Plan ahead of time．（67）It's necessary for you to make a plan at the beginning of a week or a day．Think of what you really need and don't need to do．Spare（匀出）some time to have a short rest and look back on what you've done．You may have a sense of success．Say no to yourself．If you are not excited about attending（出席）a social activity，then don't go．（68）呆在家里休息．If you plan to go to a supermarket but it is raining heavily，why not stay inside？It's fine to change your mind and do your shopping another day．Change your pace（节奏）．If you usually go shopping on Saturday，choose a weekday night to go instead．（69）．The stores are less crowded on Wednesday evening than Saturday afternoon．You can feel better if you regard your way home as taking a relaxing walk after supper．Focus on（关注）simple pleasures．（70）When your day's work is done，it's time to get yourself relaxed．A pleasant bath，a cup of coffee or a gentle song can be enough．Although expensive relaxation is nice，when you focus on simple pleasures，you'll get more．66．You may have a lot things to do but you don′t have enough time．67．在每天或者每周开始做一个计划对于你来说很有必要．68．You can stay at home and have a rest．69．商店在周三晚上不如周六晚上拥堵．70．当你一天的工作都完成了，是时候放松自己了．．【解答】66．You may have a lot of things to do but you don't have enough time．本句描述的是客观性事实，故用一般现在时，不定式作定语表示具体的动作，"有许多事情要做"译为have a lot of things to do，故填You mayhave a lot of things to do but you don't have enough time．67．在每天或每周开始的时候做一个计划对于你来说很有必要．本题考查的知识点是一个固定的句型：It is+adj．for sb．to do sth．是"做某事对于某人来说怎么样…"，"在…开始"是at the beginningof…，故译为：在每天或每周开始的时候做一个计划对于你来说很有必要．68．You can stay at home and have a rest．本题所考查的知识点是时对短语和固定搭配的理解，"stay at home"是呆在家里，"have a rest"是休息，故译为You can stay at home andhave a rest．69．商店在周三晚上不如周六晚上拥堵．本题所考查的知识点是时对短语和固定搭配的理解，"less…than…，是"…不如…"，less后修饰形容词，故译为：商店在周三晚上不如周六晚上堵．70．当你一天的工作都完成的时候，是时候放松自己了．本题所考查的知识点是时对短语和固定搭配的理解，"be time to do sth．"是"该做…某事了"，"get sb adj．"是"让某人怎么样"，故译为：当你一天的工作都完成的时候，是时候放松自己了．7．（2010•长沙）翻译语篇阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文Salt is very important to us．71．Without enough salt，we will get ill．Animals need salt，too．They need salt to grow strong．Most of salt comes from the sea．72．People dig very big pools and let sea water in．When the sun dries up the water，people can get the salt from the ground．There are a lot of salt wells（井）in our country．People bring the well water up to the ground and then dry it up in big jars（罐子）over fire．73．用这种方式，人们得到盐．We can also get salt from salt mines（矿）．The salt mines are under the ground．74．A few years ago，China，people found a big salt mine in China．In the northwest of China，there are a great number of salt lakes．75．其中有些湖很大．The salt in these lakes will be enough for all the people in our country for as long as hundreds of years．71．没有足够的盐，我们将会生病，72．人们挖很大的池子，然后让海水进入．73．In this way，people get salt．74．几年前，人们在中国发现一个大盐矿．75．Some of these lakes are very big．【解答】71．没有足够的盐，我们将会生病．细节理解题，根据题干，可知without enough salt没有足够的盐；get ill生病，故答案为：没有足够的盐，我们将会生病．72．人们挖很大的池子，然后让海水进入．细节理解题，根据题干，可知dig挖；big pools 大池子；let…in让…进入，故答案为：人们挖很大的池子，然后让海水进入．73．In this way，people get salt．细节理解题，根据题干，可知用这种方式in this way；得到盐get salt，时态为一般现在时，故答案为：In this way，people get salt．74．几年前，人们在中国发现一个大盐矿．细节理解题，根据题干，可知a few years ago 几年前；a big salt mine一个大盐矿；in China在中国，故答案为：几年前，人们在中国发现一个大盐矿．75．Some of these lakes are very big．细节理解题，根据题干，可知：其中有些湖Some of these lakes，be big大的；时态为一般现在时，故答案为：Some of these lakes are very big．三．阅读表达（共1小题）8．（2018•长沙）People have been trying to find out if homework is good or bad for school children，and they have different opinions．（1）Some people think that homework is an important part of learning for students．They believe it not only enables children to practice what they have learned in class，but also helps improve their handwriting．They also say that homework helps teach children how to work on their own．（2）Also，it's a skill which is useful to them in future life．Others disagree，though．（3）他们认为家庭作业给孩子们太多的压力．And the time spent on homework could have been used to do other activities like reading and playing sports．To back up their opinion，they give the example of Finland（芬兰）．（4）在芬兰，学生几乎没什么作业．But the country remains one of the most educationally successful countries in the world．Here is my point of view（观点）on this matter．（5）Whether the homework is good or bad depends on the purpose of it．If there is no clear reason for giving homework，the students won't get anything from doing it，so it should not be set．However，I still believe that homework can really help with children's learning，if teachers clearly tell them why they should do the homework and let them know how they have done in their homework．（1）一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分．（2）而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能．（3）They think homework puts too much stress on children．（4）In Finland．students have little homework．（5）家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的．【解答】1．一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分．这是一个宾语从句，Some people think是主句，一些人认为，后面是宾语从句，an important part of learning 是学生学习的一个重要部分．句子翻译题．故答案为：一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分．2．而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能．句子翻译题．which is useful to them in future life是定语从句，先行词是skill．故答案为：而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能．3．homework puts too much stress on children．句子翻译题．上下文是一般现在时，此处也应该是一般现在时．They think 是主句，后面是宾语从句，homework是不可数名词，动词应该是第三人称单数．puts too much stress on children给孩子们太多的压力．故答案为：They think homework puts too much stress on children．4．In Finland，students have little homework．句子翻译题．上下文是一般现在时，此处也应该是一般现在时．little几乎没有，很少，修饰不可数名词．故答案为：In Finland，students have little homework．5．家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的．句子翻译题．Whether the homework is good or bad 家庭作业的好坏，depend on取决于．故答案为：家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的第11页（共11页）。