考研阅读逐句译2003年第1篇
【Selected】2003考研英语阅读理解真题翻译.doc
20XX考研英语阅读理解真题翻译考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
20XX年第1篇第11句AmongthefirmsmaAingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,a privateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,TeGas.词汇：splash//n.溅，泼maAeasplash//惹人注目，引起轰动结构：AmongthefirmsmaAingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,(主干，其中有一个倒装结构，among介词短语在句首，正常顺序是Straitfod…isamongthefirms，这里maAing是分词短语作定语，修饰firms)//aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,TeGas(同位语，补充说明前面的Straitford，based…是过去分词短语作定语).译文：在这个新的领域里，众多公司中最引人注目的是斯特拉福公司，它是一家私人公司，总部设在德克萨斯州的奥斯汀市。
翻译思路：公司名称中的缩写一点小常识，大家可以了解一下：Ltd，是limited的缩写，意思是“有限的”，常单独出现在公司名称，指有限责任公司Co.,Ltd，是companylimited的缩写，翻译为“有限责任公司”Inc，是incorporation的缩写，意思是“团体、法人组织、公司”;Corp.，是corporation的缩写，意思是“团体、法人组织、公司”对于英语考试来说阅读就是一大障碍，那么怎么去解决这个问题呢，下面我要教大家怎样突破翻译硕士阅读难关，一起来听听吧。
2003年张剑黄皮书考研英语真题与解析
2003年张剑黄⽪书考研英语真题与解析2003年全国攻读硕⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D]exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is areal possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rightsadvocates, scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in therail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainlycaused by .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第⼀部分英语知识运⽤试题解析⼀、⽂章总体分析⽂章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、⼼智和⽣理上的变化，并采取⽅法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003年考研英语一真题答案解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇摘要：1.2003 年考研英语阅读理解第一篇的主要内容2.文章中的重点单词及其解释3.美国情报机构的发展历程4.互联网对美国情报机构的影响正文：2003 年考研英语阅读理解第一篇主要讲述了美国情报机构的发展历程以及互联网对其产生的影响。
文章首先介绍了一位美国间谍大师——比尔·多诺万，他曾是战略服务办公室的主管，并在二战后为中情局的成立奠定了基础。
接着，文章提到了互联网对美国情报机构的重要性，以及它如何改变了情报收集的方式。
最后，文章列举了一些重点单词，如“wild”, "bill", "donovan", "would", "have", "loved", "the", "internet", "the", "american", "spymaster", "who", "built", "the", "office", "of", "strategic", "services", "in", "the", "world", "war", "and", "later", "laid", "the", "roots", "for", "the", "cia"。
美国情报机构的发展历程可以追溯到二战时期。
2003年考研英语—真题及答案
一段的最后一句话。在后面的几段中，作者介绍了互联网对情报工作的影响。所以答案是
理解了以上这两点就能选出正确答 案 B。其实 B 选项就是原文的另一种表述方式 。但是，此题只有 28.7％的
考 生 选出了 正 确案 ， 答对率 不 高 。 更多的考生选择的是 D。选错的原因可能在于考生对“reshap与e ”“revive的”词义差别区分不清。“revive一”词
的含义是“to come or bring back into use osrtexnice（”<使>复兴 ，<使>复活），暗含的意思是某事物已不存 在或已 丧失作用。第一段并没有提到间谍 行业曾经消失的信息， 从第二段中我们了解到互联网推动了情报行业的发 展， 也 没有找 到 任何 关于 情 报行业 曾经 中断 的内 容 ，所 以 D 选项 的说法 是不正 确的 。
reshaping Donovan's vocation as w.e”。ll 其中，“ Donovan's vocatio指n的就是”“ spyin，g 也”就是“ intelligence secrevsi ” （ 情 报 行 业 ） 。 关 键 在 于 对 “reshape一” 词 的 理 解 ， 它 的 含 义 是 “改 造 ” 。
A 选项也是错误的。选择 A 的考生对第一句话没有理解。 第一句话用“would have love虚d 拟”语气说，若 Wild
Bill Donovan还在世的话，他会爱上互联网的。可见 Donovan在世的时候并没有互联网，从后面的几句话 中我们 也能证实这一点。所以 A 选项将 Donovan说成是互联网的爱好者的说法是错误的。
world. Among the firms making the biggestassphl in thsi new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-asnafilrymsi based
2003年考研英语4篇阅读真题中文翻译解释
2003年TEXT 141.The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession解释与说明:④These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA解释与说明:①Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. ②The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. ③Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage — spying a s a “profession.”43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity解释与说明:①Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.② Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.*A+ Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information*C+ Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information解释与说明:④“And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.45.Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military background解释与说明:④Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.⑤ Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.TEXT 246.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.[A]call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement解释与说明:③Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.[A] cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful解释与说明:⑤Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights解释与说明:④Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures解释与说明:Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way — in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal research解释与说明:④Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.TEXT 351.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat解释与说明:①Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. ②Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.52.What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry__________?[A] Indifferent. [B] Supportive.[C] Indignant. [D] Apprehensive解释与说明:①Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business解释与说明:Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface T ransportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinators[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price解释与说明:It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking market解释与说明:Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.TEXT 456.What is implied in the first sentence__________?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.解释与说明:It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable解释与说明:Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.58.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support解释与说明:①I would not go that far.59.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D]more reasonably解释与说明:I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.60.The text intends to express the idea that ________.*A+ medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care解释与说明:Death is normal。
03年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇text-1
2003全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题T ext 1Wild Bill Donova n wouldhave lovedthe Intern et. The Americ an spymas ter who builtthe Office of Strate gic Servic es in the WorldWar II and laterlaid the rootsfor the CIA was fascin atedwith inform ation. Donova n believ ed in usingwhatev er toolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespion age -- spying as a “profes sion.”Thesedays the Net, whichhas alread y re-made such everyd ay pastim es as buying booksand sendin g mail, is reshap ing Donova n’s vocati on as well.The latest revolu tionisn’tsimply a matter of gentle men readin g othergentle men’se-mail. That kind of electr onicspying has been goingon for decade s. In the past threeor four years, the WorldWide Web has givenbirthto a wholeindust ry of point-and-clickspying. The spookscallit“open-source intell igenc e,”andastheNetgrows, it is becomi ng increa singl y influe ntial. In 1995 the CIA held a contes t to see who couldcompil e the most data aboutBurund i. The winner, by a largemargin, was a tiny Virgin ia compan y called Open Source Soluti ons, whoseclearadvant age was its master y of the electr onicworld.Amongthe firmsmaking the bigges t splash in this new worldis Strait ford,Inc., a privat e intell igenc e-analys is firm basedin Austin, Texas.Strait fordmakesmoneyby sellin g the result s of spying (coveri ng nation s from Chileto Russia) to corpor ation s like energy-servic es firm McDerm ott Intern ation al. Many of its predic tions are availa ble online at www.strait ford.com.Strait fordpresid ent George Friedm an says he sees the online worldas a kind of mutual ly reinfo rcing tool for both inform ation collec tionand distri butio n, a spymas ter’sdream. Last week his firm was busy vacuum ing up data bits from the far corner s of the worldand predic tinga crisis in Ukrain e. “Assoonasthatreport runs, we’llsudden ly get 500 new Intern et sign-ups from Ukrain e,”saysFriedm an, a former politi cal scienc e profes sor. “Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, sinceit can be diffic ult to tell good inform ation from bad. That’swhereStrait fordearnsits keep.Friedm an relies on a lean staffof 20 in Austin. Severa l of his staffmember s have milita ry-intell igenc e backgr ounds. Heseesthefirm’soutsid er status as the key to its succes s. Strait ford’sbriefsdon’tsoundlike the usualWashin gtonback-and-forthi ng, whereb y agenci es avoiddramat ic declar ation s on the chance they mightbe wrong. Strait ford, says Friedm an, takespridein its indepe ndent voice.41. The emerge nce of the Net has ________.[A] receiv ed suppor t from fans like Donova n[B] remold ed the intell igenc e servic es[C] restor ed many common pastim es[D] revive d spying as a profes sion42. Donova n’sstoryis mentio ned in the text to ________.[A] introd uce the topicof online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episod e of the inform ation war[D] honorhis unique servic es to the CIA43. The phrase“making the bigges t splash”(Line 1, Paragr aph 3) most probab ly means________.[A] causin g the bigges t troubl e[B] exerti ng the greate st effort[C] achiev ing the greate st succes s[D] enjoyi ng the widest popula rity44. It can be learne d from Paragr aph 4 that ________.[A] Strait ford’spredic tionaboutUkrain e has proved true[B] Strait fordguaran teesthe truthf ulnes s of its inform ation[C] Strait ford’sbusine ss is charac teriz ed by unpred ictab ility[D] Strait fordis able to provid e fairly reliab le inform ation45. Strait fordis most proudof its ________.[A] offici al status[B] noncon formi st image[C] effici ent staff[D] milita ry backgr ound。
2003年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
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据说，在英国死亡迫在眉睫，在加拿大死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可 以选择。这种说法并不奇怪。在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的寿命几乎延长了一 倍。髋骨不行了可以更换，临床的忧郁症得到了控制，白内障在 30 分钟手术中 便可以切除。这些进步给老年人口带来的高质量生活在 50 年前我刚从事医学时 是不可想象的。但是即使有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，死亡也是无法战胜的— —而我们不能面对这个现实却正危及着我们这个时代的伟大 死亡是正常现象； 我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会解体和灭 亡。我们所有人在某种程度上都懂得这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们却常将 死亡视为一个问题来解决。由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们常常要求用尽所有 的医疗手段，即使它们不会有任何作用。最明显的例子是晚期癌症的治疗。医生 由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，于是常常采用极端大胆的治疗方 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
但为君故系列
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科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众， 并且要使用有同情心和通俗易懂的语 言，一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的语言。我们需要说明动物 实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针 剂都密切相关。 对于那些不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实 验的人来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。 有很多事情可以做。科学家可以进入中学课堂，展示他们的实验结果。他们 应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应， 以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的 情况下横行，从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向 人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。最后，因为最有发言权的是病人， 医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实 验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如 果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。 26. 作者在文章开头引用 18 世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话的用意在于 A. 呼吁科学家采取行动 B. 批评动物权利运动这个被误导的事业 C. 警告生物医学研究即将终结 D. 展示动物权利运动的胜利 27. 被误导的人们看待用动物做实验的态度是 A. 残酷的，但是自然 B. 不人道的，不可接受的 C. 不可避免的，但是邪恶的 D. 无意义，浪费的 28. “老奶奶”这个例子被用来说明公众对 A. 动物实验的不满 B. 医学科学的无知 C. 瘟疫漠不关心 D. 动物权利的忧虑 29. 作者认为，在动物权利倡导者的挑战面前，科学家应该 A. 科学家应该与公众更多交流 B. 在研究中用高科技手段 C. 无需对他们的事业感到羞耻 D. 努力开发新的治疗手段 30. 从文章提供的信息中推论斯蒂芬·库柏是 A. 一个著名的人文主义者 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇（实用版）目录1.2003 年考研英语阅读理解第一篇概述2.文章主要内容3.文章结构和重点单词正文一、2003 年考研英语阅读理解第一篇概述2003 年考研英语阅读理解第一篇是一篇关于美国情报机构历史的文章。
文章通过讲述美国情报机构创始人之一——威廉·比尔·多诺万的故事，以及他对互联网的喜爱，揭示了美国情报机构的发展历程和多诺万对信息收集的贡献。
二、文章主要内容文章主要分为两个部分，第一部分讲述了威廉·比尔·多诺万的背景和他在二战期间建立战略服务办公室的经历。
多诺万是美国的一位杰出的间谍大师，他在二战期间为美国建立了战略服务办公室，负责收集敌情和进行情报分析。
这一部分通过讲述多诺万的经历，展示了美国情报机构的初步形成。
第二部分讲述了多诺万对互联网的喜爱，以及互联网对他的工作产生的影响。
多诺万热爱互联网，并认为互联网是一个重要的信息收集工具。
在战后，多诺万为中央情报局（CIA）的创建奠定了基础，使得美国情报机构得以在互联网时代迅速发展。
三、文章结构和重点单词文章的结构比较清晰，分为两个部分，分别讲述了多诺万的背景和经历，以及他对互联网的喜爱。
文章中的重点单词包括：wild（野生的）、bill（账单）、donovan（多诺万）、would（将会）、have（有）、loved（喜欢）、the（这个）、internet（互联网）、american（美国的）、spymaster （间谍大师）、built（建立）、office（办公室）、of（的）、strategic （战略的）、services（服务）、in（在）、world（世界）、war（战争）、and（和）、later（后来）、laid（铺设）、roots（根基）、for（为了）、cia（中央情报局）。
通过这篇文章，我们可以了解到美国情报机构的发展历程以及威廉·比尔·多诺万对情报收集的贡献。
2003考研英语阅读真题及详细解析
Part OneWild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage —spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among this firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying （covering nations from Chile to Russia）to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan.[B] remolded the intelligence services.[C] restored many common pastimes. [D] revived spying as a profession.2. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying.[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war.[D] honor his unique services to the CIA.3. The phrase "making the biggest splash" （line 1, paragraph 3）most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble.[B] exerting the greatest effort.[C] achieving the greatest success.[D] enjoying the widest popularity.4. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.5. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status.[B] nonconformist image.[C] efficient staff.[D] military background.Unit 10（2003）Part 1重点词汇：1.spymaster 即spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。
2003年考研英语阅读理解及解析
2003年 Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever too ls came to hand in the “great game” of espionage ——spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.如果Wild Bill Donovan 当时有互联网的话他肯定会喜欢网络的。
这位美国间谍大王对情报格外着迷，他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战略服务办公室，后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础。
Donovan 相信，在谍报的“伟大游戏”当中，即间谍这一“职业”当中，可以使用任何可利用的手段。
如今，互联网已经改变了像买书和寄信这样的日常活动，也正在改变Donovan曾经从事的这个职业。
注：其实espionage 和 spying是一个意思，spying是对espionage的解释，espionage主要用于政府军事公司团体，相对正式些，可以翻译成“谍报”；spying是普通用法，主要指公司或个人，所以可以译为“间谍”，“密探”均可。
The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看他人电子邮件的问题，这样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇
2003考研英语阅读理解第一篇摘要：1.文章主题：2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇重点单词汇总2.核心词汇解析：包括spymaster、wild、bill、donovan、would、have、loved、the、internet等3.文章结构：词汇解析、词组搭配、语境应用正文：**2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇重点单词解析**本文将深入解析2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇中的重点单词，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握这些词汇。
**1.Spymaster（间谍大师）**Spymaster是表示“间谍大师”的英文单词，它指的是间谍组织的首脑。
这个词的构词法是名词+名词+名词，类似的词还有bottleneck（瓶颈）、eyewitness（目击者）、bookworm（蛀书虫，书呆子）等。
在2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇中，文章讲述了一位美国间谍大师Donovan的故事。
**2.Wild（野生的）**Wild表示“野生的”，通常用来形容那些生活在自然环境中的动植物。
在2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇中，文章提到了互联网的快速发展，表示Donovan这位美国间谍大师也许会爱上互联网这个充满信息的世界。
**3.Bill（账单）**Bill在日常生活中最常见的意思是“账单”，但在本文中，它是指美国的一位著名人物。
Bill Clinton是美国第42任总统，他的领导下，美国在经济、政治等方面取得了显著的成就。
**4.Donovan（唐纳森）**Donovan是一位真实的历史人物，他是美国间谍组织的创立者之一，被誉为美国间谍大师。
在2003年考研英语阅读理解第一篇中，文章详细讲述了他对互联网的热爱以及他在情报领域的杰出贡献。
**5.Would（过去将来时态助动词）**Would是过去将来时态的助动词，表示一种假设、推测或意愿。
在本文中，它用于表达Donovan如果活在当下，他可能会对互联网产生浓厚的兴趣。
**6.Have（拥有）**Have是“拥有”的意思，它在这里表示Donovan拥有对互联网的热爱。
2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第1篇第9句
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第
1篇第9句
考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
2003年第1篇第9句In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.
词汇：
contest //n. 竞赛
compile //v. 收集;编译
Burundi //n. (国家名)布隆迪
结构：
In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see (主句)//who could compile the most data about Burundi(who 宾语从句).
译文：
1995年，中情局举办了一个比赛，看谁能收集到最多的关于布隆迪的资料。
2003考研英语阅读答案
2003考研英语阅读答案【篇一：(2003-2012)考研英语阅读理解参考译文】>赶快，每个人都在做!当我们听到“来自同辈的压力”这个短语时，大部分人都会想到这个广为流传的，半是邀请、半是强迫的信息。
一般来讲指的都不是好事—酗酒，吸毒，随意的性行为。
但是tina rosenberg在新书join the club中辩护到，通过社会治疗这一方式，来自同辈的压力也可以成为正面积极的力量。
在这个社会治疗中，各个机构和行政人员利用团队力量帮助个人改善他们的生活，这样还有可能改善整个世界。
普利策奖获得者rosenberg提供了大量正在进行中的社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗来纳，州资助的反对吸烟活动名叫rage against the haze，它打算让吸烟不再流行。
在南非，名为lovelife的预防hiv感染的活动招募年轻人在他们的同龄人中提倡安全性行为。
这一想法似乎充满希望，rosenberg是个有洞察力的观察着。
她准确地批评了很多公共卫生活动的不完善：这些活动没有动员同龄人形成健康的习惯，对青少年心理的理解有严重误区。
其中一个广告牌活动致力于在青少年中减少抽烟量，上面写着：“勇于特立独行，请不要抽烟!”—而青少年，渴望的就是和他人保持一致。
rosenberg争论到，公共卫生提倡者应该向广告商学习，他们能如此熟练地运用来自同辈的压力。
这一论点很具说服力。
但是在社会治疗的整体效力上，rosenberg并不太具说服力。
join the club里面有太多毫不相关的细节，促使来自同辈的压力如此强大的社会、生物因素却剖析地不够。
正如现在所呈现的，社会治疗最引人注目的缺陷是：如果持续时间很久，它的效果并不好。
一旦州砍掉资金，rage against the haze就失败了。
证据显示，lovelife项目所产生的长远变化是有限的，而且混杂其他因素。
专家和政府人员该如何成功地选择同龄人团队并引导他们的行为朝着有德行的方向发展，这远远不能确定。
2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第1篇第6、7句
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第
1篇第6、7句
考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
2003年第1篇第8句The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.
词汇：
spook//n. 间谍
intelligence//n. 智力;情报
结构：
The spooks call it “open sourceintelligence,”(第一个并列句) //and as the Net grows(and 连接的第二个并列句，as 是时间状语从句), //it is becoming increasingly influential(主句). 译文：
间谍们称其为“开放资源的情报”;随着互联网的发展，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。
2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第1篇第12句
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语阅读逐句翻译：2003年第1篇第12句考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
下面我们来看2003年第1篇第12句的翻译。
2003年第1篇第12句Straitford makes money by selling the resultsof spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. 结构：Straitford makes money (主干)//by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) (by 介词短语作方式状语，其中，theresults 做动名词selling 的直接宾语，括号中间的是补充说明the results of spying ，可以看做是covering 分词短语作定语)//to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International(to 介词短语后面的corporations 是selling 的间接宾语，like 介词短语作定语).译文：该公司通过向一些公司出售刺探到的情报赚钱(情报所涉及的国家涵盖了从智利到俄罗斯等众多国家)，比如出售情报给麦克德莫特国家公司这样的能源公司。
翻译思路：哪来的“众多国家”?我把covering nations from Chile to Russia 翻译为了“情报所涉及的国家涵盖了从智利到俄罗斯等众多国家”。
2003年全国考研英语一真题全文翻译
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译S e c t i o n I I U s e o fE n g l i s h教师应当意识到青少年在成长时期所经历的感情上㊁思想上和身体上的变化㊂同时他们还应当对这些年轻人如何最好地适应这些变化加以思考㊂青少年成长中,身体需要运动和锻炼,但这并不是仅仅通过竞赛的方式来进行的㊂因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况㊁智力和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识很强㊂他们需要有成功后的自信,需要自己的成就受到别人的赞赏㊂然而青少年在生活中通常已经充满了竞争,因此策划一些胜者多败者少的活动是十分明智的㊂例如,出版有许多学生撰写书评的通讯,展示学生的艺术作品,组织读书研讨俱乐部等㊂各种小型俱乐部都可以为训练青少年的领导才能提供多种机会,也能为青少年提供在成功的团体中实践的机会㊂交友对青少年极为重要,许多腼腆的学生需要某种团体所提供的安全感㊂在这个团体里,成人提供的支持处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位㊂在这些活动中,需要记住的是青少年的注意力持续时间非常短,所以应当组织各种各样的活动,以便让参加者保持活跃,然后转而参与别的活动,而不会感到不安,也不会让其他参与者失望㊂这并不是说成人,必须接受青少年不负责任的行为㊂相反,成人可以通过策划一些在学生能力范围和其注意力持续时间之内的角色来培养他们的责任感㊂S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1W i l dB i l lD o n o v a n肯定会喜欢互联网㊂这位美国间谍大王对情报着迷,他曾在二战时创建了战略事务办公室,后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础㊂D o n o v a n相信,在谍报工作这个 大游戏 中可以使用任何手段㊂如今,互联网已经改变了像买书和寄信这样的日常活动,也正在改变D o n o v a n所从事的这个职业㊂最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件的问题,这样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年㊂在过去的三四年中,国际互联网已经派生出一个可称为点击谍报的完整的产业㊂间谍们把它称为 公开来源情报 ㊂随着互联网的增长,这样的情报变得越来越有影响力㊂1995年,中央情报局举办了一次竞赛,看谁能够收集到关于 布朗迪 的最多信息㊂一个位于弗吉尼亚洲叫做 O p e nS o u r c eS o l u t i o n s 的小公司以极大的优势成为获胜者,其明显的优势是对电子世界的精通㊂在这个新的电子世界中最引起轰动的是一个叫S t r a i t f o r d的公司,它是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一家私营的情报分析公司㊂该公司的业务是将覆盖全球各个国家的情报(从智利到俄罗斯)销售给 M c D e r m o t t I n t e r n a t i o n a l 这样的能源公司㊂它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅,网址为w w w.s t r a i t f o r d.c o m㊂该公司总裁G e o r g eF r i e d m a n说,他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具,是间谍们的梦想㊂上周,他的公司正在从世界的另一角落收集零散的信息,并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机㊂ 一旦这个报道发布,我们将从乌克兰突然新增500个浏览用户, 曾经做过政治学教授的F r i e d m a n说, 我们将听到其中一些人的回应㊂ 当然,公开来源的谍报活动的确有风险,因为很难区分正确与错误的信息㊂这正是S t r a i t f o r d公司赢利的所在㊂F r i e d m a n在奥斯汀市又雇用了20名雇员㊂他们中有的有军事情报工作背景㊂F r i e d m a n把公司对外界的地位视为成功的关键㊂S t r a i t f o r d公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的那样躲闪言辞,政府机构往往避免发布引人注目的言论,因为这些言论可能出错㊂F r i e d m a n 说,S t r a i t f o r d公司为其独立的声音而感到自豪㊂T e x t218世纪政治家埃E d m u n dB u r k e曾说过类似这样的话: 一个被误导的事业要想成功,它唯一需要的是好人无所作为㊂ 现在有一个这样的事业,正在寻找终止生物医学的研究,因为有这样一种理论:动物享有禁止被用于实验的权利㊂科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的回应,因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听,从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步㊂动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究,原因在于它依赖公众资金的资助,并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程㊂当人们听到在研究中残忍地对待动物的指控时,许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物㊂比如说,在最近的一次街头集市上,一位供职于动物权利宣传点的慈祥的女士分发宣传小册子,规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品 肉类,毛皮,药物㊂当被问到她是否反对接种时,她问疫苗是否来自动物实验㊂当被告知的确如此,她回答道: 那么我不得不说,是的,我反对接种㊂ 当被问到瘟疫爆发时怎么办时,她说: 不用担心,科学家会找到一种方法,用计算机来解决问题㊂ 这样的好心人们就是不明白㊂科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众,并且要使用富有人性化的且通俗易懂的语言,而不要使用分子生物学的语言㊂我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换㊁父亲的心脏搭桥㊁婴儿的免疫接种,甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关㊂许多人不明白这些治疗方法㊁新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验㊂对他们来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残忍㊂有很多事情可以做㊂科学家可以进人中学课堂,展示他们的实验结果㊂他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应,以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的情况下横行,从而获得一幅真理的面容㊂科研机构应该对外开放,让人参观,向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待㊂最后,因为决定因素是病人㊂医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取像S t e p h e nC o o P e r这样的名人支持 他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定 而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持㊂如果好人无所作为,一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种㊂T e x t3近几年来,铁路行业彼此之间不断地兼并,逐渐形成了超规模的系统,这样就加剧了人们对垄断的担心和关注㊂近至1995年,四家大型铁路公司占有不到70%的铁路运输业务㊂到明年,一系列兼并活动完成之后,四家铁路公司将控制90%以上的铁路运输业务㊂支持组建超大型铁路集团的人认为,兼并将带来成本的大幅度降低,服务项目的更好协调㊂他们认为,垄断的威胁完全可以通过来自公路的激烈竞争而消除㊂但许多客户却抱怨说,对于长途运输的大宗商品来说,如煤炭㊁化学制品和粮食,公路运输花费太大,铁路公司会因此而掐住他们的脖子㊂铁路运输业的大规模联合意味着多数客户将会依赖一家公司的业务㊂通常,铁路公司对这些 被控 客户的收费要比有另一铁路公司竞争业务时多20%~30%㊂如果客户感到他们被多收费,他们有权上诉到联邦政府的 陆路运输局 以争取价格下调㊂但这个过程耗财㊁耗时,并且只在极个别的案例中有效㊂铁路公司对 被控 客户进行区别对待的依据是,从长远来看,这样做会降低所有人的成本㊂他们认为如果对所有客户都收取同样的平均费用,那么,可以使用公路运输或其他交通工具的客户将会转移,使剩余的客户承担铁路正常运作的开销㊂这种理论得到了多数经济学家的认同,但实际上这使得铁路公司可以决定谁兴谁败㊂ 我们是否真的想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者? M a r t i nB e r c o v i c i问道㊂他是一位经常代表铁路客户的华盛顿律师㊂许多 被控 客户还担心他们很快将遭受一轮新的大幅涨价㊂尽管铁路行业兴旺发达,但从总体上来说,它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而投入的资金㊂然而,铁路公司仍然继续贷款数十亿美元来进行相互兼并,而华尔街也鼓励它们这样做㊂请想一想今年南诺弗克公司和C S X公司兼并康雷尔公司所花的10.2亿美元吧㊂康雷尔公司1996年铁路运营纯收人为4.27亿美元,这还不足这宗交易运作成本的一半㊂谁来支付其余的费用?许多 被控 客户担心会是他们,因为南诺弗克和C S X公司将增加对市场的控制㊂T e x t4据说,在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的,在加拿大死亡不可避免,在加利福尼亚死亡可以选择㊂难怪,在过去的一个世纪里,美国人的寿命几乎翻了一番㊂髋骨出了毛病可以更换,临床性忧郁症可以得到控制,白内障只需30分钟的外科手术便可以切除㊂这些进步给老年人口带来了高质量的生活,这在50年前我刚从事医务工作时是不可想像的㊂但是即使有一个伟大的医护卫生体系,死亡也是无法战胜的 而我们不能面对这个现实,正危及我们自身的伟大㊂死亡是正常的;我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会解体和灭亡㊂我们所有人在某种程度上都懂得这一点,但是作为医疗消费者,我们常将死亡视为一个问题来解决㊂由于有第三方帮我们支付医疗费用的保障,我们常常要求用尽所有的医疗手段,即使它们不会有任何作用㊂最明显的例子是晚期癌症的治疗㊂医生由于不能治愈疾病,同时又担心病人失去希望,常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法,这些方法远远超出了科学能够认同的界限㊂1950年,美国在医疗卫生方面的开支是127亿美元㊂2002年,这项开支将达到15,400亿㊂任何人都可以看到这个趋势不可持续,但是很少有人愿意逆转它㊂有些学者总结说,如果政府资金有限,应该停止支付那些超过一定年龄 大约在83岁左右老人的医疗费㊂据说科罗拉多州前州长R i c h a r dL a mm曾经说,老年多病者 有责任死去和让位 ,以便让更年轻㊁更健康的人们发挥他们的潜能㊂我不会走得那么极端㊂现在精力充沛的人们通常能工作到60岁,甚至更长,并仍然具有惊人的创造力㊂78岁的V i a c o m公司总裁S u m n e rR e d s t o n e开玩笑说他只有53岁㊂最高法院法官S a n d r aD a y O C o n n o r70有余,前卫生局医务主任C.E v e r e t tK o o p80岁出任一家互联网公司总裁㊂这些领导人就是活生生的证据,证明疾病防治能够起作用,证明我们能够对付年龄带来的健康问题㊂作为一名年仅68岁的人,我希望像他们一样在老龄阶段保持创造力㊂然而在这样的追求中,一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的㊂作为一名医生,我深知最昂贵和最激进的手段也可能是无效和痛苦的㊂我也知道,日本和瑞典这两个国家在医疗方面的花费远比我们少得多,但它们国家的人民比我们更长寿㊁更健康㊂作为一个民族,我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上投资太多,而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上投资太少㊂P a r t B各个时期各个地区的人都在思考着他们共有的世界,并想知道自己在其中的位置㊂人类善于思考而且又富于创造,具有永不满足的好奇心㊂(61)而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像㊂因此,以冷静而系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性十分重要,因为人们希望这些研究的成果能让人类内部以及人类与地球上其他生命形态之间能够和谐相处㊂a n t h r o p o l o g y一词源自希腊词根a n t h r o p o s(人类)和l o g o s(研究)㊂按这个名称来看,人类学包含了对整个人类的研究㊂人类学是一门社会科学㊂(62)社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的㊁有序的㊁系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为㊂社会科学的范畴包括地理学㊁经济学㊁政治学㊁心理学和社会学㊂这些社会科学的每个学科中都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学㊂所有社会科学都集中于对人类的研究㊂人类学是一个以实地研究为宗旨的学科,它大量使用对比分析的方法㊂(63)强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学㊂人类学分析主要依赖文化概念㊂爱德华㊃泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是19世纪科学的伟大文化成就之一㊂(64)泰勒把文化定义为 一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰㊁艺术㊁道德㊁法律㊁风俗以及其他能力和习惯 ㊂这一见解中简单的概述却寓意深刻,为观察和理解人类生活提供了一个全新的方法㊂在泰勒对文化的定义中隐含了一个概念,即文化是可以通过学习获得的㊁共有的㊁模式化的行为㊂(65)因此,人类学中的 文化 概念就像数学中 集 的概念一样,是一个抽象概念㊂它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能㊂。
2003年考研英语一真题答案解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
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唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第1句和第2句Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.词汇：spymaster //n. 间谍头子strategic //adj. 战略的，决策的lay //v. 安放，摆放，铺，打（基础）结构：The American spymaster （主句的主语）//who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱand later laid the roots for the CIA （who定语从句，其中and并列的是built和laid这连个动词）//was fascinated with information（主句的谓语）.译文：狂人比尔·多诺万应该会喜欢互联网吧。
这位美国间谍大王曾经在二战时建立了战略情报局（OSS），后来又为中央情报局（CIA）的成立打下了基础；他对情报格外着迷。
翻译思路：Wild野人还是狂热？Wild Bill Donovan的翻译，千奇百怪。
有同学翻译为“野人比尔·多诺万”，还有人翻译为“狂热的比尔·多诺万”。
到底是什么？查一下嘛。
这个人既然是间谍头子，就很好查他的资料，当然前提是我们自己做翻译的时候，要“存疑”。
拿不准的，查查。
原来，这个人叫William Joseph Donovan，此人有一外号叫Wild Bill（狂人比尔）。
这个人还有“中情局之父，美国情报之父”等头衔。
这篇文章的开头很有意思，讲故事，并且是讲大家都爱听的间谍故事。
大家可以感受一下，简单句开头，从一个美国人民都知道的间谍头子开始说起，第一个句子中引出internet互联网这个话题出来。
第二句话，再说一下这个人是谁，他为什么可能会喜欢互联网。
最后，要注意第一个句子的虚拟语气。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第3句Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.”词汇:espionage //n. 间谍活动结构：Donovan believed in using （主句）//whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.”（whatever宾语从句，破折号后面的分词短语spying是同位语解释前面的espionage）译文：多诺万相信，在搞间谍的这个“大游戏”中，即间谍这一“职业”中，可以使用任何手头的工具。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第4句These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.词汇：pastime //n. 消遣，娱乐vocation //n. 行业，职业；使命感结构：These days the Net（主句的主语）, //which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail（which定语从句）, //is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well（主句的谓语）.译文：如今，互联网已经彻底改变人们的日常活动，如买书和寄信等，现在它也正在改变多诺万从事过的职业。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第5句The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.结构：The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen（主句）//reading other gentlemen’s e-mail（分词短语作定语，修饰gentlemen）.译文：最近这次间谍行业的革命不仅仅是一个人偷看别人电子邮件这种事情。
翻译思路：reading成了“偷看”翻译是一件很微妙的事情，有时候需要在这个单词的本义上增加一点含义来说明。
reading本来是“读”，但是在The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.这个句子中，reading就不止“读”那么简单，解释如下：The latest revolution，“最近的这次革命”；是承接上文提到的remade, reshape Donovan’s vocation，即间谍行业的“革命”。
既然是“间谍行业的革命”，那a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail中的reading就应该是“偷看”别人的电子邮件了。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第6句和第7句That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.词汇：give birth to // 产生point-and-click // 点击的译文：那样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。
在过去的三四年中，国际互联网已经催生出一个点击谍报的完整的产业。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第8句The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.词汇：spook //n. 间谍intelligence //n. 智力；情报结构：The spooks call it “open source intelligence,”（第一个并列句）//and as the Net grows（and连接的第二个并列句，as是时间状语从句）, //it is becoming increasingly influential（主句）.译文：间谍们称其为“开放资源的情报”；随着互联网的发展，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第9句In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.词汇：contest //n. 竞赛compile //v. 收集；编译Burundi //n. （国家名）布隆迪结构：In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see （主句）//who could compile the most data about Burundi（who宾语从句）.译文：1995年，中情局举办了一个比赛，看谁能收集到最多的关于布隆迪的资料。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第10句The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.词汇：margin //n. 空白，边缘；差数，差额mastery //n. 精通，熟练；掌握结构：The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company（主句的主干，中间by介词短语是状语）// called Open-Source Solutions（called分词短语作定语，修饰company），//whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world （whose定语从句，修饰前面的company）.译文：以绝对优势获胜的是来自弗吉尼亚的一家小公司，名为“开源方案”，其明显优势是它对电子领域的精通。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第11句Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.词汇：splash //n. 溅，泼make a splash // 惹人注目，引起轰动结构：Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc.,（主干，其中有一个倒装结构，among介词短语在句首，正常顺序是Straitfod…is among the firms，这里making是分词短语作定语，修饰firms）// a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas（同位语，补充说明前面的Straitford，based…是过去分词短语作定语）.译文：在这个新的领域里，众多公司中最引人注目的是斯特拉福公司，它是一家专事情报分析的私人公司，总部设在德克萨斯州的奥斯汀市。
翻译思路：公司名称中的缩写一点小常识，大家可以了解一下：Ltd，是limited的缩写，意思是“有限的”，常单独出现在公司名称，指有限责任公司Co., Ltd，是company limited的缩写，翻译为“有限责任公司”Inc，是incorporation的缩写，意思是“团体、法人组织、公司”；Corp.，是corporation的缩写，意思是“团体、法人组织、公司”唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第1篇第12句Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.结构：Straitford makes money （主干）//by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) （by介词短语作方式状语，其中，the results做动名词selling的直接宾语，括号中间的是补充说明the results of spying，可以看做是covering分词短语作定语）//to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International（to介词短语后面的corporations是selling的间接宾语，like介词短语作定语）.译文：该公司通过向一些公司出售刺探到的情报赚钱（情报所涉及的国家涵盖了从智利到俄罗斯等众多国家），比如出售情报给麦克德莫特国家公司这样的能源公司。