欧洲黑死病【英文】
英语欧洲文化期末复习
2012-2013欧洲文化入门期末考试内容总结故事梗概:诺亚方舟(P43)诺亚是一个正直的人,在当时是一个完人。
他追随上帝行事。
他有三个儿子:闪、含、和雅弗。
上帝看见整个世界腐朽了,到处都是暴力。
他认为世界充斥着罪恶,因为所有世上的人都过着邪恶的生活。
上帝对诺亚说:“人类的可憎我再清楚不过了,他们使这世界充满了仇杀。
我有意要毁灭他们,也毁灭掉同他们一起的这个世界。
你要为自己造一艘方舟,用丝柏木做船架,覆盖上芦苇,再在里外两面涂上树脂。
我要使洪水泛滥全世界,消灭天下所有活着的人,地上万物也要消灭光。
但我要与你立约。
你到时就带着你的妻子、儿子、儿媳们一起进入方舟。
你还要把各种飞禽、走兽、爬虫,每样两只,雌雄各一带上,和你一道登舟,在船上喂养好。
此外还要带上各种吃的东西,储存在船上,作为你们和动物的食粮。
”诺亚遵照上帝的话,一一办到了。
这样,为了躲避洪水,诺亚和他的妻、子及儿媳们都上了方舟。
和他一起上船的还有那些动物:洁净的和不洁净的牲畜,每种都是雌雄一对;所有的鸟类和地上的爬虫,也是一对一对的,按上帝的吩咐那样都上了船。
第七天结束的时候,洪水降临到大地。
那年诺亚是六百岁,二月十七日那天,大深渊的所有泉源一齐喷发起来,天穹洞开,大雨倾盆,不停地下了四十个昼夜。
……洪水泛滥了四十天,大水涨起来把方舟托起,高高地升离地面之上。
落在地面的水越来越多,淹没了天下所有的高山。
水一直涨到浸没高山十五腕尺之深。
一切有气息的生物,所有生活在陆地上的东西,全都没有了。
上帝清除了世上的生物,人也好,兽也好,爬虫也好,飞鸟也好,全部从地面上消灭干净,惟独诺亚和在方舟上的他一起的妻子儿媳、鸟兽爬虫活了下来。
四十天后,诺亚打开了他方舟上的天窗,放出一只乌鸦去看看水退了没有,但乌鸦飞来飞去,到地面上的水都快干涸也没回来。
诺亚等了七天,再从舟上放出一只鸽子去看看地上的水是否再退了些。
但因为地面全部都是水,鸽子没落脚的地方,就飞回诺亚的方舟那里。
黑死病的名词解释英美
黑死病的名词解释英美黑死病(Black Death)是指14世纪中叶在欧洲大规模爆发的一种严重传染病,由鼠疫菌引起。
黑死病在欧洲大陆造成了巨大的破坏,导致了数百万人的死亡。
本文将从名词解释、英美差异以及疾病影响等方面来探讨黑死病的相关内容。
一、名词解释黑死病一词源自于疫情暴发时患者皮肤上出现的深紫色病斑。
病斑的形成是因为感染者体内的鼠疫菌进入淋巴系统,引发淋巴腺肿胀导致新陈代谢障碍,进而使皮肤出现坏死。
由于这种皮肤坏死会呈现出黑色,因此被称为黑死病。
二、英美差异在英美两国,对于黑死病的称呼存在一定的差异。
在英国,黑死病被称为"The Black Death",而在美国,通常称其为"Bubonic Plague"。
这种差异是由于两国在历史上对黑死病的研究、流行程度等方面存在差异所导致的。
三、疾病影响黑死病爆发的时期称为瘟疫时期(The Age of Plague),从1347年开始,持续了几十年。
疫情的蔓延非常迅速,不仅波及了整个欧洲大陆,还传播到了其他地区,如亚洲和北非。
据统计,黑死病疫情期间,欧洲大约有三分之一的人口死于这一疾病。
黑死病的传播途径主要是通过跳蚤叮咬传播,这种跳蚤本来是以啮齿类动物为寄主的,但在当时的欧洲,大量啮齿类动物的死亡导致了跳蚤向其他动物和人类寄主传播疾病。
此外,黑死病在人体内还可以通过飞沫传播,进一步加剧了疫情的蔓延。
黑死病还可分为肺型和腺型,肺型黑死病的传播更为迅速。
由于当时对疾病的认识非常有限,人们对于黑死病的来源和传播方式并不清楚。
一些人将其归咎于天灾,认为疫情的爆发是上天对人类的惩罚。
这种观点导致了一些残酷的行为,比如将疑似患者送往偏远地区的隔离区,或者通过处决疑似患者来试图阻止疫情的蔓延。
而在当时,没有足够的医疗设施来治疗和控制这种疾病,因此大部分感染者最终都不幸死亡。
黑死病给社会、经济带来了巨大的破坏,许多城市的经济崩溃,农业生产停滞,许多人失去了生计。
2011专业英语八级人文知识总结__2011专八人文知识总结
苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿,它拥有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰(Ben Nevis)便座落于此,高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区,6%的土地被森林覆盖,大部分村庄以放牧为主。
北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸,曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地,东南部为山区,而中部则是低浅的盆地。
古代凯尔特人信奉:Druidism 中文译作:德鲁伊教或督伊德教
英国内战(1642-1646)
1.On August 22, 1642, the First Civil War began. The king’s men were called Cavaliers, and the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads.
亨利二世(Henry II )统治期间,采取了一些措施巩固君主制,迫使弗兰德斯雇佣军(Flemish mercenaries)离开英国,拆除几十座史蒂芬森时造(Stephen's time)的割据城堡;加强并扩大了他的行政长官们的权力,依靠由英国自由民组成的民兵获取军事支持。
亨利二世还大大加强了王家法院,扩展了其司法工作的职权范围。在他统治时期,逐渐建立起超越地方领主法律(previous laws)的普通法(common law)。另外,他用陪审员制度代替了旧的残酷的审判制度(ordeal-based trial system)。
英国部分历史事件的英文解释
●Norman Conquest诺曼征服●Hundred Years’War百年之战●War of Roses玫瑰战争●Black Death黑死病●Puritans清教徒●Westminster model威斯敏特模式●Great Charter大宪章●English Renaissance文艺复兴●Norman Conquest诺曼征服 King Edward had promised the English throne toWilliam,the Duke of Normandy, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England In October 1066, in the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. thus William was crowned king of England and established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.●Hundred Years’ War百年之战: It referred to the intermittent war between Franceand England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France.The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.●War of Roses玫瑰战争 :They referred to the battles between the House ofLancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme and the great medieval nobility was much weakened. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.●Black Death黑死病:It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, andisease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century . It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.●Puritans清教徒:The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They wantedto purify the Church of England and threatened with religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw the New world as the a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save.●Westminster model威斯敏特模式:the City of Westminster is England's politicalcenter of power,so the the Britain system of parliamentary government is called Westminster model.//in this system,the legislature elects the country's chief executive,called prime minister,from the ranks of the majority party in the parliament,the prime minister then selects cabinet ministers from theparliament.the parliamentary majority controls the government●Great Charter大宪章:King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons.In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundationof English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.English Renaissance文艺复兴: Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century.The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics than other European countries; (2) England followed a course of social and political history which was large independent on European history; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was vigorous enough and experienced foreign influences without being subjected by them; (4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly in artistic, rather than in philosophy and academy; (5) theRenaissance coincided with the Reformation in England. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare. (1)英国文化的复兴,不全是直接受古典文化的影响,而更多的是受当时有文艺复兴思想的欧洲人的影响;(2)作为岛国,英国的社会和政治历史进程在很大程度上独立于欧洲其他国的历史进程;(3)由于14世纪产生了伟大天才诗人乔叟,英国本土文学相当有生气,善于融合外来影响而未被同化;(4)英国文艺复兴时的文学主要是艺术的,而非哲学及学术的;(5)文艺复兴与英国宗教改革同时发生。
黑死病 登革热 埃博拉 介绍
No vaccine available to prevent dengue fever.
Prevention
Isolate the patients Wear long sleeves and pants if you are outside during the day and evening hours. Mosquito abatement program(灭蚊计划) Use an insect repellent(驱虫剂) with 20-30% DEET(避蚊胺). Spray insect repellent on clothing.
A hand showing how acral (肢体末端 的)gangrene(坏疽) of the fingers due to bubonic plague (淋巴腺鼠疫) causes the skin and flesh to die and turn black.
How did the plague spread?
Ⅲ. Ebola virus(埃博拉)
Electron micrograph(电子 显微镜) of an Ebola virus virion(病毒体)
What is Ebola?
Ebola virus (Ebola haemorrhagic出血的 virus) disease is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of the world’s most virulent diseases.
Personal protection notice
最新欧洲黑死病【英文】
A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.”
And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality Rate 35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti:
Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”
years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain.
As many as 15% of the peasants in some
黑死病,中世纪【英文】
Copy All RED Notes
Key Questions
There are 3 questions that will be asked at the end of the lesson:
1. What is the “Black Death”? 2. What caused the Black Death? 3. What were its consequences?
The plague spread quickly to the north of England. By 1350, nearly the whole of Britain was infected with the plague.
The Plague in Europe (cont.)
At the end of 1350 nearly two and a half million people were dead in England alone!
The Plague Arrives in Europe
The plague, or Black Death, arrived in Europe in 1347. It spread quickly. Few villages escaped. Churchyards were full with bodies.
Now, quick-draw a picture of what this cure might look like.
Copy and Answer These Questions
How useful do you think these medieval cures actually were? Answer:
欧洲中世纪黑死病历史
黑死病对欧洲的影响,遍布社会的每一个角落。首先,基督教会在瘟疫期间的表现令所有人失望,大部分神职人员不肯履行自己的职责,争先恐后地逃命,使得灾区活着的人没有地方诉苦和忏悔,死者下葬时得不到应有的祷告。更有甚者,许多教士还利用人民的恐惧心理,大肆招摇撞骗,从贩卖一些据说能够禳病的圣物中牟利。在英格兰的Yeovil镇,愤怒的群众用铁棍和弓箭攻击Bath主教,使其死于非命,这在从前是不可想象的。但与此同时,鼠疫也引发了大规模的宗教狂热,因为在科学极不发达的当时,人们除了向神忏悔之外,看不到其它什么阻止瘟疫的办法。这直接导致了黑死病时期欧洲的两道风景线:鞭刑者运动和迫害犹太人。所谓的鞭刑者运动,在1260年起源于神圣罗马帝国,是当时的天主教会在十字军从中东溃败的不利客观情况下,倡议并组织的一种自虐式的忏悔方式。运动开始后,成千上万的人光着脚,身披麻衣,手持皮鞭涌向教堂,一路之上不停地责骂自己,同时用皮鞭抽打身体,直到浑身流血为止,以为这样就可以抵销他们过去所犯下的罪行了。因为据说耶稣基督活了33岁半,所以鞭刑者运动一般也要持续33天半,情节严重时,甚至有用蝎子取代皮鞭来伤害自己的信众。黑死病开始流行时,欧洲人普遍相信,《圣经?启示录》里所说的末日审判就要到了,都急着要赶快赎罪,鞭刑者运动的规模因此越来越大。在荷兰,一次性参加者高达十万之众,按人口比例讲,远远大于近年来发动的任何游行示威。到1350年为止,法国的鞭刑者总数超过了80万,神圣罗马帝国和意大利等地的教徒也同样乐此不疲。迫害犹太人的历史,则漫长得多。犹太人原来住在以色列,在被罗马帝国征服之后,自公元2世纪便开始陆续向欧洲迁移。因为特殊的宗教信仰和生活习惯,再加上擅长经商及放高利贷等种种原因,他们总是与当地人格格不入。在417,423和534年,罗马皇帝们先后颁布过限制犹太人公民权的法令,到公元9世纪时,反犹太人思潮(也被称作“反闪米特人思潮”)开始真正兴起。天主教会向来把犹太人视为眼中钉,在向西亚和北非发动十字军东征的同时,也没忘了在本土迫害这些异教徒,宗教裁判所不断判他们死刑,普通民众在教会的煽动下犯下的反犹暴行也层出不穷。鼠疫爆发之后,很多人说这是犹太人生活不洁净导致的天谴,他们因此遭受了灭顶之灾。到1350年为止,欧洲绝大部分犹太人被向东赶入波兰和立陶宛,留下的都被烧死。此后陆续返回的一些,又相继为法国和西班牙政府所消灭。15世纪末,犹太人在中西欧宣告绝迹。除此之外,数以万计的老百姓涌入修道院,从四面八方到罗马朝圣者更是多如牛毛,虽然很多人病死在路上,也无法阻止其他人的赎罪热情。黑死病也使教会认识到了疾病的危害和重要性,在疫后开始花巨资建造医院,借以重新赢得人民对他们的支持,从而把坏事变成了好事。
The black death.(黑死病)
The rat flea
• This bacteria started in China, travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea in Russia in 1346. • It was carried further from Russia by rat fleas (跳蚤 ) living on the black rats who lived on merchant ships. • The black death is estimated to have killed between 50 and 60 per cent of the population of Europe.
Blame the jews.
• The modern plague has a
high mortality (必死的命
运[性质];致命性;死亡 数;死亡率;大量死亡; 失败数;失败率;人,人 类 ) rate including fever of
38 to 41 degrees centigrade and unless treated by antibiotics the plague will kill.
•
•
The plague doctor
• Almost unbelievably (不可 信地), medical knowledge had declined in the 14th Century. The French believed that a conjunction of three planets caused the air to become infected. • The importance of hygiene (卫生学;健康法 ) was only recognised in the 19th Century. Living conditions were bad. The streets were dirty.
欧洲黑死病大流行的起源与传播
欧洲黑死病大流行的起源与传播欧洲黑死病(Black Death)是中世纪14世纪中期至15世纪初期在欧洲爆发的一次瘟疫大流行。
这场疫病席卷整个欧洲大陆,造成了极大的人口减少和社会动荡。
在本文中,将探讨欧洲黑死病大流行的起源与传播以及对欧洲社会产生的巨大影响。
一、起源欧洲黑死病的起源有很多争议,主要有以下几种观点。
1. 亚洲起源:有学者认为,欧洲黑死病最初源自亚洲。
根据历史文献和考古证据,13世纪时,瘟疫已经在中国和中亚地区出现。
通过贸易和军事往来,瘟疫可能被带到了欧洲。
2. 感染动物起源:另一种观点认为,黑死病的起源与感染动物有关。
欧洲黑死病的传播主要是通过跳蚤叮咬传播的,这些跳蚤可能携带了病原体。
一些学者认为,起初感染黑死病的动物可能是野生鼠类,而后通过与人类的接触进一步传播。
3. 自然环境起源:也有观点认为,欧洲黑死病的爆发与自然环境因素有关。
中世纪时期,气候异常变冷湿,导致了农作物歉收,人们的生活条件恶化,从而增加了传染病的传播风险。
二、传播欧洲黑死病的传播渠道主要有以下几个方面。
1. 跳蚤叮咬传播:人体被感染黑死病的跳蚤叮咬是主要的传播途径。
当患者感染黑死病后,体内的细菌会进一步繁殖,跳蚤通过叮咬患者,吸食患者血液,细菌就会传入跳蚤的胃部。
然后,当跳蚤再叮咬其他人时,细菌会进入新的宿主体内,进一步传播。
2. 直接接触传播:黑死病病菌也可以通过直接接触传播。
当患者的体液(如呕吐物、血液等)与健康人的伤口或黏膜接触时,病菌可以进入新的宿主体内,引发感染。
3. 空气传播:尽管空气传播并非主要传播途径,但在某些特定情况下,黑死病病菌也可以通过空气传播。
例如,在密闭的环境中,当患者咳嗽或喷嚏时,悬浮在空气中的细菌可能会被他人吸入,导致感染。
三、对欧洲社会的影响欧洲黑死病的大流行给欧洲社会造成了极大的影响,具体可以从以下几个方面来看。
1. 人口减少:黑死病的流行导致了欧洲大陆的人口锐减。
据估计,14世纪中叶到15世纪初,欧洲总人口减少了约三分之一至一半。
黑死病 1347 - 1351【英文】
Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
Medieval Art & e Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty
English villages died.
One consequence of
时事新闻(英文)News report
New words
• • • • • • • • • • 10.symptom 症状 11. genome['dʒi:nəum]基因组,染色体组 12.pathogen ['pæθədʒən] 病原体,病菌 13.pathoge'nicity 病原性,致病因 14.epidemic adj. 流行的,传染性的 n. 传染病,流行病 15.infect 感染,传染 16.susceptible [sə'septəbl]易感的 17.antibi'otics 抗生素 18.de'scendant 子孙
The modern plague bacterium changes its DNA units slowly, but it does quite often rearrange the order of its genes. Some experts believe gene order can affect pathogenicity [,pæθədʒi'nisiti] . Dr. Krause had available only tiny fragments of DNA, so although he was able to reconstruct all the medieval bacterium’s genes he could not establish the exact order in which the genes were arranged, leaving open the possibility that the bacterium was inherently more pathogenic because its genome was differently organized. All the teeth used in the study will be returned to the skulls from which they were taken, now in a London museum whose archaeologists excavated ['ekskə,veit] the East Smithfield cemetery in the 1980s.
黑死病 欧洲中世纪之殇
黑死病:欧洲中世纪之殇文 | 本刊记者 张乐 编辑 | 郝杰黑死病作为人类历史上的一次重大灾难,欧洲三分之一的人口在这次瘟疫中消亡,留给了欧洲几个世纪的伤痛。
同时,黑死病也在不经意间改变了世界文明发展的走向。
在人类重大瘟疫史上,黑死病(Black Death)是一个独特的存在。
从1347至1353年,短短六年的时间,这一病毒就席卷了整个欧洲,夺走了2500万欧洲人的生命,成为人类迄今为止死亡人数最多的瘟疫之一。
它的影响之大,甚至令一场旷日持久的战争为之戛然而止。
起自1337年、以英国国王爱德华三世率军进攻法国为标志的英法百年战争,在1348年至1356年的近10年时间,双方因为招募不到足够的士兵而被迫停战。
直到黑死病瘟疫在欧洲消失,双方才拿起武器,重新开战。
黑死病带来的死亡和恐惧,超过人类史上任何一场战争。
黑死病的传染源是鼠类和其他啮齿类动物身上所携带的鼠疫杆菌。
历史资料记载,造成黑死病的鼠疫杆菌源自蒙古沙鼠。
1347年蒙古军攻打黑海港口城市卡法,也就是今天的乌克兰城市费奥多西亚,在历彼得·勃鲁盖尔的作品《死神的胜利》描绘了黑死病流行时的景象,创作于1561年。
一82历史钩沉 >史学者眼中,这正是这场大瘟疫的起源。
当瘟疫传入中亚以后,亚、欧商人随即将疫毒传至欧洲腹地,经由意大利迅速蔓延至西欧、北欧、波罗的海地区及俄罗斯。
在英、德、法等语言中,当时均用由拉丁文“p e s t i s”演变而来的“pest”一词来称呼这种鼠疫大瘟疫。
由于黑死病是一种极为凶险的传染病,传播非常迅猛,于是在讲罗曼语和日耳曼语的国家和地区,很多地方在房屋的墙上触目惊心地写上了一个大大的“P”字——以警告和提醒路人,要注意躲避此处住所中的黑死病人。
就像黑死病会传染那样,在墙上写“P”字的做法仿佛也会传染似的:一座又一座的房屋墙上,一个街区又一个街区的屋墙上,均出现了一个个黑黢黢、瘆人的大大的“P”!黑死病的亲历者、意大利文艺复兴时期的重要作家薄伽丘在他的名著《十日谈》中,讲述了这样一个故事:十个青年人为了躲避黑死病疫情,来到乡下的一座别墅。
The Black Death(黑死病的介绍)
The result: the laboring and merchant classes
grew in economic and social importance.
• The labor shortage was very severe, especially in the short term, and consequently, wages rose. Because of the mortality, there was an oversupply of goods, and so prices dropped. Between the two trends, the standard of living rose for those still living. The Black Death speeded up the changes in English society that were already under way. The most immediate effect of the Black Death was a shortage of labor. Much land could no longer be cultivated.
•Why the black death did not landed in the Asia or Africa?
QUESTION3.
1.The terrible system of the public health in Europe. 2.Water pollution was se were taking advantage of the labor shortage to demand better terms from their landlords and that the nobles were reluctant to see their incomes reduced. Governments tried to fix wages, but the labor shortage was irresistible. If their feudal lords would not relent, serfs simply fled to areas where wages were higher or land rental terms lower.
英语口语:各种疾病名称的英文表达
?无忧考网英语口语频道为网友整理的英语口语
★频道为友整理的《英语口语:各种疾病名称的英表达》,供大家参考学习。
糖尿病diabetes 肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 头痛headache 感冒cold 咳嗽cough 肺炎pneumonia 肝炎hepatitis 脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 胃炎gastritis 气管炎trachitis 支气管炎bronchitis 阑尾炎 appendicitis 胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis 肿瘤tumor 癌症cancer 禽流感bird flu/avian influenza 非典SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome) 疯牛病mad cow disease 黑死病black death 白血病leukemia 爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza 白内障 cataract 狂犬病rabies 中风stroke 冠心病 coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes 肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 慢性病chronic 肺气肿emphysema 胃癌cancer of stomach 胃病stomach trouble 心脏病heart disease 发烧fever
关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达集锦(英汉对照)
关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达集锦(英汉对照)关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达(英汉对照)头痛headache 感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
) He is under the weather. (他不舒服,生病了。
) He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。
)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。
)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。
鼠疫文字介绍英文作文
鼠疫文字介绍英文作文英文:Plague, also known as the Black Death, is a highly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It is primarily spread through bites from infected fleas that live on rodents such as rats. The symptoms of plague include fever, chills, weakness, and swollen lymph nodes. In severe cases, it can cause septicemia, pneumonia, and even death.The history of plague dates back to the 14th century when it killed millions of people in Europe. Today, it is still a concern in some parts of the world, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America. However, it can be treated with antibiotics if caught early.Prevention is key when it comes to plague. This includes keeping rodents under control, using insect repellent, and avoiding areas where plague is known to bepresent. It is also important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you have been exposed to plague.中文:鼠疫,也称黑死病,是由鼠疫杆菌引起的高度传染性疾病。
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Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
Medieval Art & the Plague
Medievalቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱArt & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession with death.
Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”
1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
Lancing a Buboe
The Disease Cycle
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.
The Danse Macabre
Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s Robe
And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Flagellanti:
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The Culprits
The Famine of 1315-1317
By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three