最新欧洲黑死病【英文】
the black death
Three forms of the black death
•Bubonic plague（淋巴腺鼠疫） •Pheumonic plague（肺鼠疫） •Septicemic plague（败血性鼠疫）
Why it is called the Black Death? •People who caught the disease had swellings on their bodies, sometimes as big as eggs. Then the black spots would appear.
Thank you
•The black death brought people a period of darkness. Many people suffered physically as well as mentally a lot in the disaster. The victims will die in 2-6 days. Also, many people lost their family and relatives.
The Black Death
Mary
Contents
Brief Introduction Three forms of the Black Death
Consequences of the Blay •Spread by rat fleas •First in Europe, then in England esp. the summer of 1348
Spread of the black death
关于某生病、疾病症状地英语表达集锦英汉对照
关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照）头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白内障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
) He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。
)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。
)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。
)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。
黑死病的名词解释英美
黑死病的名词解释英美黑死病（Black Death）是指14世纪中叶在欧洲大规模爆发的一种严重传染病，由鼠疫菌引起。
黑死病在欧洲大陆造成了巨大的破坏，导致了数百万人的死亡。
本文将从名词解释、英美差异以及疾病影响等方面来探讨黑死病的相关内容。
一、名词解释黑死病一词源自于疫情暴发时患者皮肤上出现的深紫色病斑。
病斑的形成是因为感染者体内的鼠疫菌进入淋巴系统，引发淋巴腺肿胀导致新陈代谢障碍，进而使皮肤出现坏死。
由于这种皮肤坏死会呈现出黑色，因此被称为黑死病。
二、英美差异在英美两国，对于黑死病的称呼存在一定的差异。
在英国，黑死病被称为"The Black Death"，而在美国，通常称其为"Bubonic Plague"。
这种差异是由于两国在历史上对黑死病的研究、流行程度等方面存在差异所导致的。
三、疾病影响黑死病爆发的时期称为瘟疫时期（The Age of Plague），从1347年开始，持续了几十年。
疫情的蔓延非常迅速，不仅波及了整个欧洲大陆，还传播到了其他地区，如亚洲和北非。
据统计，黑死病疫情期间，欧洲大约有三分之一的人口死于这一疾病。
黑死病的传播途径主要是通过跳蚤叮咬传播，这种跳蚤本来是以啮齿类动物为寄主的，但在当时的欧洲，大量啮齿类动物的死亡导致了跳蚤向其他动物和人类寄主传播疾病。
此外，黑死病在人体内还可以通过飞沫传播，进一步加剧了疫情的蔓延。
黑死病还可分为肺型和腺型，肺型黑死病的传播更为迅速。
由于当时对疾病的认识非常有限，人们对于黑死病的来源和传播方式并不清楚。
一些人将其归咎于天灾，认为疫情的爆发是上天对人类的惩罚。
这种观点导致了一些残酷的行为，比如将疑似患者送往偏远地区的隔离区，或者通过处决疑似患者来试图阻止疫情的蔓延。
而在当时，没有足够的医疗设施来治疗和控制这种疾病，因此大部分感染者最终都不幸死亡。
黑死病给社会、经济带来了巨大的破坏，许多城市的经济崩溃，农业生产停滞，许多人失去了生计。
专八知识总结
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。
诺曼底征服之后，封建制度在英国建立了。
威廉一世之后，英国的每一个国王都是他的直系后代子孙。英国开始了世袭的君主制度。
诺曼底征服之后，1066-1087的威廉一世统治期间，英国的封建制度得到完全确立。根据这个制度，国王拥有全国所有土地，再把这些土地分给答应 服役交租的贵族（baron），贵族们又把土地分配给小贵族、骑士和自由民（nobles, knights and freemen），同样换取货物和服役。
(1) 未法律才能逮捕、监禁自由人以及剥夺他们的财产；
(3) 教会应享受其所有权利且有选举自由；
(4) 伦敦和其它城镇应保留其古时的权力和特权；
(5) 全国要使用统一的重量和长度度量衡。
大议会（The Great Council）是当今英国议会（BritishParliament）的原型。1265年，西门德孟福尔召开大议会，各县有两名骑士，各镇有两名市民参加。大议会发展到后来演变成议会，分为上议院 （House of Lords）和下议院 （House of Commons）。其作用是咨询而非决定；也没有选举和政党。
早期定居者
冰川时期于公元前7000年结束，溶化的冰淹没了低地，形成了英吉利海峡和北海，不列颠从此与欧洲大陆分离，成为了岛屿。
黑死病 登革热 埃博拉 介绍
No vaccine available to prevent dengue fever.
Prevention
Isolate the patients Wear long sleeves and pants if you are outside during the day and evening hours. Mosquito abatement program(灭蚊计划) Use an insect repellent(驱虫剂) with 20-30% DEET(避蚊胺). Spray insect repellent on clothing.
A hand showing how acral (肢体末端 的)gangrene(坏疽) of the fingers due to bubonic plague (淋巴腺鼠疫) causes the skin and flesh to die and turn black.
How did the plague spread?
Ⅲ. Ebola virus（埃博拉）
Electron micrograph(电子 显微镜) of an Ebola virus virion(病毒体)
What is Ebola?
Ebola virus (Ebola haemorrhagic出血的 virus) disease is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of the world’s most virulent diseases.
Personal protection notice
黑死病,中世纪【英文】
Copy All RED Notes
Key Questions
There are 3 questions that will be asked at the end of the lesson:
1. What is the “Black Death”? 2. What caused the Black Death? 3. What were its consequences?
The plague spread quickly to the north of England. By 1350, nearly the whole of Britain was infected with the plague.
The Plague in Europe (cont.)
At the end of 1350 nearly two and a half million people were dead in England alone!
The Plague Arrives in Europe
The plague, or Black Death, arrived in Europe in 1347. It spread quickly. Few villages escaped. Churchyards were full with bodies.
Now, quick-draw a picture of what this cure might look like.
Copy and Answer These Questions
How useful do you think these medieval cures actually were? Answer:
黑死病 1347 - 1351【英文】
Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
Medieval Art & e Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty
English villages died.
One consequence of
依据生病,疾病症状的英语表达整理汇编(英汉对照)
.\关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照）头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白内障cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
)He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。
)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。
)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。
)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。
通河县第二小学小学英语 英美文化小贴士15黑死病素材
黑死病黑死病（the Black Death）是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫，是流行疾病，在14世纪传播了到欧洲。
1348年夏天横扫全英国。
英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万。
黑死病对经济造成的后果相当深远。
鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。
地主想把耕地变为人力需求较少的牧场。
存活的农民处于有利的计价还价地位，从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。
于是一些支付不起或不愿意支付较高工资的地主想方设法迫使农民重返农奴地位。
1351年政府颁布“劳工法令”（a Statute of Labourers），规定农民们涨工资的要求，或者是雇主支付比地方官制订的工资水平要高的工资都是犯罪。
人对于自身生命、成就、追求幸福的价值观念也在这场瘟疫的冲击中开始发展，人文主义（humanism）思潮涌现出来。
文艺复兴（Revival of Learning）就此兴起，这也是由于天主教会传统的信条和仪式在瘟疫和死亡面前显得软弱无力，许多人不得不思考自己如何在非常的环境中拯救自己。
文艺复兴的思想对他们就有了强烈的吸引力，因为它表现了人对健康、完美与幸福的人生的向往。
提问时间：在这场黑死病的高峰期间完成被誉为人文主义第一部代表作的是哪本名著？这本名著的作者是谁？是哪国人？答案：在这场黑死病的高峰期间完成被誉为人文主义第一部代表作的是《十日谈》这本名著的作者是卜伽丘，是意大利人。
小说的主旨在抨击禁欲主义神学，歌颂爱情，肯定人的自然欲望，塑造了众多敢爱敢恨的女性形象，给读者留下了深刻的印象。
1 / 39小升初专项训练疑问句基础题一、选择题1．---Did Ann win the race yesterday?---_____.A Yes,she did.B Yes, she doesC No,s he don’t2．---_________?----He is a coach .A. Who is heB. How is heC. What does he do3．Is she young?A. She's our principal.B. No, she's old.4．——Is she friendly?——_______A. She is very young.B. Yes, she is.C. Yes, she isn’t. 5． Is zhang peng strong ? Yes, ____________.A.she isB.he isC.her is6．——Is there a park near here ?——_______A． Yes，it is B．No,there is C．Yes,there is7． -- _________ did you finish your piano lessons ?-- In the school.A. WhereB. WhatC. When8．Are they _______ to visit you?A. comingB. comeC. came9．______ did he give to his grandmother?A. WhenB. WhereC. What10．______ you go to see your grandmother this summer ?A. DidB. DoC. Does11．-----_______ often speak English at home ?-----Yes,_________.A. Can you ; I doB. Do you; I doC. Are you; I am12．--- -Can you empty the trash?-----_________.A. No, I canB. Yes, I can’tC. No, I cantD. No, I can’t13．Who's that young lady?A. She's tall and thin.B. She's our principal.14．What day is it tod ay?A. FridayB. Birthday15．—Who was on duty last Friday﹖—__________________．A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was16．---_______ you _______ to the park yesterday?---Yes, I did.A. Do; goB. Did; goC. Did; went17．----______ you often play sports ?---- No, I ______.A. Do ;don’tB. Are ; am notC. Do ; do18．--Did you go to Beijing last Sunday? --_____. I went there last Saturday.A. Yes, I didB. No, I didn’tC. Yes, I didn’t19．----I love science . What about you ?----__________.A. YesB. NoC. Me too20．---Do you have a new teacher?---_____________.A. Yes , I doB. Yes , I amC. No , I’m not .21．Is that your hami melon ? ( 肯定回答)A.No, it isn'tB. Yes ,it isC. No, it is22．Is that a cherry ,too ?的否定回答是A. No, it isn't.B. Yes ,she is.C. No, she is.23．Which animal do you like ?A. I want to be a horseB. I am a studentC. I like elephants 24．Is that your hen ? ( 肯定回答)A. No ,it isn'tB.Yes ,it isC. No, it is25．__________ is this ?----It's a goose.A. WhereB. HowC. What26．—_____ your pencils short?—No, t hey’re ______.A. Is...shortB. Are...tallC. Are .... long27．——Do you like candy?——__________.A. Yes, I do.B. Yes, I am.C. Yes, I can.28．——________——Some pencils and pens.A.What’s in your schoolbag?B.How are you?C.Where are you?29．——Where are the keys?——_____.A. It’s on the desk.B. they’re on the table.C. They’re on the table.30．Amy: Where is your seat?Mike: __________________.A. It near the door.B. It’s the door.C. It’s near the door.31．---__________ does Sam feel？---He’s very well .A. WhatB. HowC. When32．--Where does he work?-- .A. His hobby is painting.B. He works in a gym.C. He is a head teacher.33． _____they singing in the party?A. DoesB. DoC. Are34．Does he often _______football after school?A. playB. playsC. playing 35．——Can he go with us？——______.A.You are welcome.B. Sure.C. No,he can.36．What time _______the party beginA. doesB. isC. are37．---________ your pen pal live in Shenzhen?--- No, she _______.A. Does , doesB. Does , doesn’tC. Do , don’t 38．--- _____ Mike_____ in Beijing ?--- No . He ______ in Shanghai.A. Do , live , liveB. Does , live , liveC. Does , live , lives39．---Is he a policeman?---_________.A. Yes, you are.B.No, you aren’t.C.Yes, he is二、填空题40．根据图片，写出问句或答语。
黑死病 中世纪的天谴
鼠疫菌的傳遞
鼠疫菌在人體上的侵襲與傳遞 途徑
鼠蚤
鼠疫桿菌 (Yersinia pestis)
革蘭氏陰性短小桿菌 具有莢膜, 無鞭毛 (不會游動) 染色時二端易被染色, 中間不著色, 類似
安全別針 兼性厭氧 野生嚙齒類動物為期自然界宿主 傳染途徑:
鼠蚤咬噬 飛沫 接觸 (皮毛, 屍體 組織, 分泌物等)
鼠疫症狀
淋 巴 結 腫 大
末梢組織壞死
發現鼠疫病例的處置
1. 報告衛生當局 2. 隔離 3. 排泄物與污染物需要消毒 4. 屍體處理需符合無菌操作規定 5. 接觸者加以監視與預防投藥 6. 調查接觸者與感染原 7. 治療: 抗生素, 淋巴膿腫應外科切開與引流
預防措施
1. 避免被跳蚤叮咬 2. 避免曝露於肺鼠疫流行地區 3. 定期調查嚙齒類族群 4. 評估鼠病流行情形及衛生防治計劃 5. 清除鼠類與蚤類 6. 來自疫區之交通工具需嚴格檢疫 7. 施打疫苗 – 死菌疫苗可提供數月份的防護力,
鼠疫桿菌 (Yersinia pestis)
鼠疫桿菌 (Yersinia pestis)
鼠疫症狀
1. 發燒, 頭痛, 暈眩 2. 肌肉疼痛 3. 覺得發冷, 顫抖 4. 淋巴結腫大 (頸部, 腋下, 鼠蹊) – 腺鼠疫 5. 淋巴結囊腫與壞死, 細菌侵入其他組織 (如肺臟,
肝臟, 脾臟等) 6. 組織壞死, 皮下出血而形成黑色斑塊 7. 侵入肺臟後, 可藉由飛沫傳染, 稱為肺鼠疫 8. 咳嗽, 血痰, 呼吸困難
在藝術方面，則充斥罪、末日審判、或死神勝利的 主題。黑死病對藝術家有利的影響是，年輕的藝術 家有機會發 展獨創性，發揮新思想與新技巧， 並 減少了保守的限制。
有關鼠疫的重要文學作品
The Decameron (十日談)
关于生病疾病症状的英语表达集锦（英汉对照）
本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照） 头痛headache 感冒cold 咳嗽cough 肺炎pneumonia 肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 胃炎gastritis 气管炎trachitis 支气管炎bronchitis 阑尾炎阑尾炎 appendicitis 胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis 肿瘤tumor 癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza 非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease 黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza白内障白内障cataract 狂犬病rabies 中风stroke冠心病冠心病 coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes 肺癌肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 慢性病chronic 肺气肿emphysema 胃癌cancer of stomach 胃病stomach trouble 心脏病heart disease 发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
)He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。
)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。
关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达集锦(英汉对照)
头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avia n in flue nza非典SARS（Severe Acute Respiratary Syn drome）疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS（Acquired Immune Deficie ncy Syn drome）流感in flue nza狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文（1）一般病情：He feels headache, n ausea and vomit ing. （他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
）He is un der the weather.（他不舒服，生病了。
）He began to feel unusually tired.他感到反常的疲倦。
）He feels light-headed.他觉得头晕。
）She has bee n shut-i n for a few days.（她生病在家几天了。
）Her head is pounding.她头痛。
欧洲中世纪黑死病历史
欧洲中世纪黑死病历史清史杂谈 2009-08-03 08:21:15 阅读134 评论0画家笔下的中世纪黑死病景象黑死病(The black death)，又称瘟疫(Plague)或鼠疫(Murine plague)，是世界历史上无可争议的流行时间最长，死亡人数最高，危害最为剧烈的人类头号杀手。
1894年，意大利医生Alexandre Yersin 才在香港鉴定出它的病原体：鼠疫杆菌(Yersina pestis，或Pasteurella Pestis)，该菌主要经血液传播，无周期性地爆发，一般最终因其密集的菌株堵塞了血管，而导致患者死亡。
1897年，Ogata研究了鼠疫杆菌的生活史。
顾名思义，它的一个主要寄主是以家鼠为代表的啮齿类动物，但对人类来说，真正可怕的则是啮齿类动物身上的鼠蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)，它们在啮齿类动物体内吸取染菌血液，然后跳到人类和其它哺乳动物身上进下一餐，同时还能把这种疾病传染给人虱，从而加剧了它的传播速度。
天性嗜血的鼠蚤可以在没有寄主的情况下可以存活30天之久，它们是大约370种动物感染鼠疫的罪魁祸首。
鼠疫还有另一种更有效率的传染方式，即通过呼吸，直接从空气中进入人类肺部。
人体免疫系统的主要成员：淋巴细胞和白细胞不仅无法杀死鼠疫杆菌，反而自己也会成为它的寄主细胞。
患黑死病的人具体症状如下：发烧、咳血、脱水、昏迷、幻觉、腹泻、淋巴肿大、皮肤溃疡、皮下出血等，该病因患处的皮肤常常变成蓝黑色而得名。
一般在发病后，病人多则四五天，少则数小时，即将命归黄泉，死亡率基本上是百分之百。
由于无特效药可治，这种可怕的疾病长期以来，一直被迷信的人类认为是鬼神对自己的惩罚。
虽然西方人对治疗黑死病长期束手无策，但他们早就一致认定，它的起源地是中国。
事实上，鼠疫在那里的历史非常悠久，汉、隋、唐、明等大帝国的灭亡，都和它有相当的关系。
例如东汉末年，以张角为教主的太平教(即黄巾军)，和以张陵、张衡、张鲁祖孙三代为教主的五斗米教，都是靠鼠疫在人民中造成的恐慌心理起家的。
The Black Death(黑死病的介绍)
The result: the laboring and merchant classes
grew in economic and social importance.
• The labor shortage was very severe, especially in the short term, and consequently, wages rose. Because of the mortality, there was an oversupply of goods, and so prices dropped. Between the two trends, the standard of living rose for those still living. The Black Death speeded up the changes in English society that were already under way. The most immediate effect of the Black Death was a shortage of labor. Much land could no longer be cultivated.
•Why the black death did not landed in the Asia or Africa?
QUESTION3.
1.The terrible system of the public health in Europe. 2.Water pollution was se were taking advantage of the labor shortage to demand better terms from their landlords and that the nobles were reluctant to see their incomes reduced. Governments tried to fix wages, but the labor shortage was irresistible. If their feudal lords would not relent, serfs simply fled to areas where wages were higher or land rental terms lower.
英语口语：各种疾病名称的英文表达
?无忧考网英语口语频道为网友整理的英语口语
★频道为友整理的《英语口语：各种疾病名称的英表达》，供大家参考学习。
糖尿病diabetes 肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 头痛headache 感冒cold 咳嗽cough 肺炎pneumonia 肝炎hepatitis 脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 胃炎gastritis 气管炎trachitis 支气管炎bronchitis 阑尾炎 appendicitis 胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis 肿瘤tumor 癌症cancer 禽流感bird flu/avian influenza 非典SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome) 疯牛病mad cow disease 黑死病black death 白血病leukemia 爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza 白内障 cataract 狂犬病rabies 中风stroke 冠心病 coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes 肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 慢性病chronic 肺气肿emphysema 胃癌cancer of stomach 胃病stomach trouble 心脏病heart disease 发烧fever
英美文学名词解释黑死病
英美文学名词解释黑死病
黑死病是一种由鼠疫杆菌引起的疾病，最早在14世纪爆发于欧洲，导致了数百万人的死亡。
在英美文学中，黑死病经常被提到，成为了一个重要的文学主题。
以下是一些常见的英美文学名词解释：
1. Plague：黑死病的英文译名。
2. The Black Death：黑死病的另一种英文说法。
3. Pestilence：流行病、瘟疫的意思。
4. Decameron：意大利文艺复兴时期作家贝半图里的著名小说，描写了黑死病期间一群年轻人逃离瘟疫的故事。
5. The Masque of the Red Death：爱伦·坡的短篇小说，讲述了一个富翁在他的城堡里举行派对，却无意中引发了一场致命的瘟疫，最终导致了他的死亡。
6. A Journal of the Plague Year：丹尼尔·笛福的小说，描
写了1665年伦敦大瘟疫期间的生存情况。
7. The Decameron and the Canterbury Tales：两部文学作品
都以黑死病为背景，描写人们在瘟疫期间的生存和情感状况。
8. The Plague Tales：凯特·莫斯的小说，讲述了一名疫情调
查员调查黑死病的过程，同时展现了现代人面对类似瘟疫的心理和生存方式。
- 1 -。
The black death.(黑死病)
The dance of death
• The aftermath (余波,余
殃,余累;结果,后果
) of the plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals (骚扰,动乱;激变,剧变 ) which had major effects on European history. • It took Europe’s population 150 years to recover. • In the following centuries the plague returned from
Blame the jews.
• The modern plague has a
high mortality (必死的命
运[性质];致命性;死亡 数;死亡率;大量死亡; 失败数;失败率;人,人 类 ) rate including fever of
38 to 41 degrees centigrade and unless treated by antibiotics the plague will kill.
结论性的下结论总结性地proven被证明了的fromanalysis分解分析
The black death
• Global terror(恐怖) in the 14th Century
The bacterium
• The black death was one of the most devastating (灾难性 的,毁灭性的,破坏极大的 ) events in human history. • It was a plague (时疫,瘟疫,传 染病;鼠疫,黑死病 ) which spread like fire throughout Europe and England between 1348 and 1350. • It has been conclusively (最终; 结论性的,下结论,总结性地 ) proven (被证明了的 ) that from analysis (分解,分析; 【数】解析 ) of DNA from plague victims that it was caused by bacteria.
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A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.”
And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality Rate 35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti:
Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”
years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain.
As many as 15% of the peasants in some
English villages died.
One consequence of
starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with
their ancestors.
The Danse Macabre
Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s Robe
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria.
Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
The Culprits
The Famine of 1315-1317
By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all
the land they could cultivate.
A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three
1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
Lancing a Buboe
The Disease Cycle
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
Medieval Art & the Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession with death.