高考必考语法精讲精练专题五：形容词和副词-Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练
语法专题五：形容词与副词
形容词、副词是特别重要的词，是高考必考内容。

《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：①形容词（比较级和最高级）②副词（比较级和最高级）。

纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。

此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在详细语境中的词义。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。

此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm 的辨析。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。

此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在详细语境中的词义。

I.形容词、副词的等级
(一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成
2.
3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成
★★在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”:
interesting好玩的less interesting较无趣的least interesting最无趣的
important重要的less important较不重要的least important最不重要的
★★有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more / most来形成比较级和最高级polite –politer 或more polite – politest 或most polite ，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等. II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·形容词与副词
考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与what 的混用等也是常考的考点。

语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。

形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：
1. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.
2. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.
3. Last Sunday, police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.
4. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
5. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago.
6. In some places you may borrow many books as you want.
7. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting.
8. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
9. First, let me tell you something more about myself.
10. I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.
11.Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience.
12. Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.
13. I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works.
14. After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me.
15.Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.
16. She called 119 immediate.
17. For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning.
18.But he is difference now.
19. The time passes quick.
20. …although radios can be very noise.
21. …all planned and written by grown-ups to make chil dren want things that they don’t real need.
22. But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball any more.
23. But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldn’t play basketball once more.
24.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
25. Finding information on the net is easily.
26.Yes, a concert can be very excited.
27. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun.
形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. I’ll try to be more carefully next time.
2. China is much more bigger than the United States.
3.There are few boys than girls in our class.
4. He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.
5. The more money you make, the most you spend.
6. She found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.
7.It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.
8. In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.
9. Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!
10. The fish tastes well; why not have a try?
st week was very rain. I didn’t go out the whole week.
12. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
13.I promise to return back before 10.
14. The book contains much use information. It’s well worth reading.
15. This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.
16. The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.
17.Oh, it’s simply wonderfully to see you here!
18.She is in more health now than she was last year.
形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：
A级
1. The door was widely open.
2. I'll help you as more as I can.
3. He is as taller a fellow as his elder brother.
4. Mike didn't speak clear so we couldn't understand him.
5. John swims better than I, but he doesn't swim as good as my brother.
6. He works hardly.
7. He runs very fastly.
8. Harry worked good here yesterday.
9. He was deep moved by what she said.
10. A plane is flying highly in the sky.
B级
1. Don't make any changes till farther notice.
2. It's colder in Tianjin than in Beijing, though Tianjin is further to the south and nearer to the sea.
3. I'll try and be much careful in future.
4. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.
5. They had to dig deeply to find water.
6. I know the government thinks high of his invention.
7. He often comes to work early and leaves off lately.
8. What he said sounded prettily interesting.
9. The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw nothing.
10. I firm believe you are right.
形容词与副词单句语法填空之真题训练：
1.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of________(great)and less importance.
2.They gave money to the old people's home either _____________(personal)or through their companies.
3.The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me .They were also the best and ________(bad) years in my life.
4.At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be ________(freely)from them.
5.By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and ________(far)than disasters and sob stories.
6.It is not ___________(surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.
7.You can live a more ________(power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.
8.At dinner, we said to Mom, “Happy Mother’s Day！”She was grateful and __________ (move).
9.The girl used to be shy, but is _____________(gradual)getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
10.Little Tom sat________(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
11.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be___________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
12.He hopes that his business will grow ____________(steady).
13.Get an early start and try to be as productive________possible before lunch.
14.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ____________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.
15._______________(fortunate), Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
16.They are ________(true) good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.
17.Chinese scientists________(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
18.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers_________(regular)decline to share food with their children.
19.It was ______________ (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
20.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ________ (special) if you are travelling at high speed.
21.Andy is content with the toy.It is the _________(good) he has ever got.
22.Listening is thus an active, not a ____________(passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
23.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ________(punctually)．
学习札记：
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________参考答案及解析
形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：
1. frightening 改为frightened，因它表示某人感到胆怯，而不是令人胆怯
2.helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词
3.taller 改为tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级
4.去掉more，因为longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受more 修饰
5.so long as 改为as long as，其意为“与……一样长”
6. many 之前加as，因as ... as 结构不完整
7.去掉much，因much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级
8.wonderfully 改为wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语
9. 去掉more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多状况”的问题
10. interesting 改为interested，be interested in 意为“对……感爱好”
11.important 改为importance，teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语
12. Unfortunate 改为Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语
13.what 改为how，how 在此表示方式
14.practically 改为practical，此处用形容词作表语
15.去掉often，因句中的whenever 与often 意义重复
16.immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词
17. loudly 改为loud，与strong 并列作定语，修饰music
18. difference改为different，即用形容词作表语
19.quick改为quickly，副词quickly修饰动词pass。

20.noise 改为noisy，即用形容词作表语
21.real 改为really，修饰动词要用副词
22.then 改为now，just now 为习语，意为“刚才”
23. once 改为any，not … any more为习语，意为“不再”
24.quietly 改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy
25.easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词
26. excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited
27. interested 改为interesting，指某事物是“令人好玩的”，用interesting，表示某人“对…感爱好”时，用interested
形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. carefully 改为careful，用形容词作表语。

2. 去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。

3. few 改为fewer，留意句中的than。

4. 将much 改为more，或在much 后加more，此句涉及skiing 与skating 的比较。

5. most 改为more，the more…the more… 意为“越……越……”。

6. frightening 改为frightened，frightening表示“令人胆怯的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到胆怯的”。

7.real 改为really，修饰形容词用really，不用real。

8. difficult 改为difficulty，用名词形式作介词without 的宾语。

9. asleep 改为sleeping, asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。

10. well 改为good, nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。

11.rain 改为rainy，此处用形容词作表语。

12. 去掉down，因set 相当于go down，本身就包括了down。

13. 去掉back，或将return 改为come / be。

因return 相当于come back 或be back。

14. use 改为useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。

15. mostly 改为most，most 在此用于构成最高级。

16. warm 改为warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。

17. wonderfully 改为wonderful，用形容词作表语。

18. more 改为better，为in good health 的比较级形式。

形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：
A级
1.widely改为wide
2.more改为much
3.taller改为tall
4.clear改为clearly
5.good改为well
6.hardly改为hard
7.fastly改为fast
8.good改为well
9.deep改为deeply
10.highly改为high
B级
1.farther改为further
2.further改为farther
3.much改为more
4.hardly改为hard或heavily
5. deeply 改为deep
6.high改为highly
7. Lately改为late
8.prettily改为pretty
9.widely改为wide
10.firm改为firmly
形容词与副词单句语法填空及改错之真题训练：
1．greater[考查形容词的比较级。

依据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。

] 2．personally[句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是从个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。

修饰动词的应为personally。

]
3．worst[worst与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。

]
4．free[此处应用形容词作表语。

]
5．farther[依据前面的faster and和后面的than可以看出此处须要比较级。

]
6．surprising[此处考查句式：It is ＋adj.that...句意：年轻人有可能爆发，这不令人惊讶，特殊是有缘由的时候。

surprising令人惊讶的。

]
7．powerful[修饰后面的名词的应是形容词，powerful强有力的。

]
8．moving→moved[moving多用来修饰事物，moved用来指人感动的。

]
9．gradually[句意：女孩一度很羞涩，但是渐渐地她在分组工作表现得主动主动，变得更情愿表达自己了。

在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。

gradually渐渐地，逐步地。

] 10．amazed[考查形容词作状语。

句意：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很惊讶。

本句考查形容词作伴随状语，amazed感到惊讶的，常修饰人；amazing令人惊讶的，常修饰物。

] 11．officially[修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。

]
12．steadily[修饰谓语动词用副词。

]
13．as[考查固定表达。

早起，要和午饭之前一样高效率。

固定表达as...as possible尽可能……。

] 14．gradually[考查副词。

此处应用副词修饰动词。

]
15．Fortunately[修饰整个句子，应当用副词形式。

]
16．truly[此处用副词形式修饰后面的形容词good。

]
17．recently[修饰动词应用副词形式。

]
18．regularly[修饰动词decline的应当是副词。

]
19．considerate[句意：为了避开我们担忧，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。

be动词后用形容词，considerate爱护的；考虑周到的。

]
20．specially[句意：突然停下来是特别可怕的经验，尤其是假如你高速行驶。

此处用especially“特殊，尤其”强调程度。

用副词修饰句子。

]
21．best[考查最高级和比较级。

句意：Andy对这个玩具很满足，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。

依据句意应用最高级。

]
22．passive[句意：听是一种主动的，而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。

与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。

passive被动的，消极的。

] 23．punctual[句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，想准时赶到，他必需快一点。

作系动词be 的表语要用形容词形式。

punctual准时的。

]。