中考英语语法专题详解五:形容词、副词
(人教版)中考英语总复习语法:专题5-形容词、副词(167页)
most popular, most important
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(2)不规则变化
原 级 good/wel l many/m uch bad/ill little
far
比较级
better more worse
最高级
best most worst
less
farther(较远) further(更进一步的)
least
11.形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最 高级 (1)规则变化
类别
构成方法 原 级 一般在词尾加-er, new -est tall 以不发音的字母e late 结尾的词,加-r, fine -st 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的双音节词, easy happy 把y变为i,再加-er, -est 重读闭音节词词尾 只有一个辅音字母 时,先双写该辅音 字母,再加-er, -est thin hot
(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几 最„„”。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 在中国,黄河是第二长河。
(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、 名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词 the。 Tomorrow will be my busiest day. 明天将是我最忙碌的一天。 (6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Nike is the tallest student in his class. 尼克是班上最高的学生。
farthest(最远) furthest(最大程度)
old
older(年纪较大的) elder(年纪较长的)
oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的)
2023年中考英语语法笔记:形容词与副词
2023年中考英语语法笔记:形容词与副词形容词(Adjective)一.概念理解:用来修饰或描写名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征、状态的词,称为形容词,英语中常用adj,表示。
二.形容词的句法功能:形容词可在句中作定语、表语或宾/主语补足语等。
例:1).Beijing is a beautiful city.(定语)2).I’m very glad to meet you.(表语)3).We felt very excited at the exciting news.(表语;定语)4).The news made us happy. Who left the door open?We found it very interesting to read English novels. (宾语补足语)5).They were made angry by what he said. (主语补足语)** “the+形容词”表一类人或事物,可作主语或宾语例:1).The rich must help the poor. 2).The young have different ideas on it from the old.注意:1.少数形容词,如:little, live [laiv](活的), elder, eldest,only,wooden,woolen 等以及复合形容词(English-speaking,kind-hearted,man-made,take-away)等只能作定语,不能做表语。
例:1) It’s a nice little house.不说The house is little.但可说The house is small.2) Although old, he is still very much alive.(不用live)3) My brother is three years older than me.(不用elder)4) His eldest brother is a famous doctor.(不用oldest)5) New Zealand is an English-speaking country.2.少数形容词:afraid,awake,asleep,alive,alike,alone,ill,well,worth,glad,unable等只作表语,不做定语。
中考英语语法---形容词和副词
中考英语语法---形容词和副词一、形容词和副词用法形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词或形容词。
需要注意的是感官动词的后面用形容词,例如:look, taste, sound, smell, feel等。
1、形容词变副词,大部分的形容词加ly变副词。
如:形容词副词quick+ly quicklyslow+ly slowlyquiet+ly quietlyhappy+ly happilycareful+ly carefully注意:1)并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词,名词+ly可变成形容词。
如:名词形容词friend + ly friendly 朋友般的love + ly lovely 可爱的sister + ly sisterly 姐妹般的2)有些名词+y可以变成形容词。
如:名词形容词rain + y rainy 下雨的snow + y snowy 下雪的cloud + y cloudy 阴天的salt + y salty 咸的sand + y sandy 有沙的fog + y foggy 雾的wind + y windy 有风的( ) 1.–What’s up, Simon? You didn’t look very____ .-- The customers always prefer Debbie ____ me. I can’t understand it.A. happily, withB. pleased, forC. happy, toD. happy, at( ) 2. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.A. serious, seriousB. seriously, seriouslyC. seriously, seriousD. serious, seriously( ) 3. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so .A. wellB. niceC. wonderfullyD. nicely( ) 4.—Oh. I’m hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?—No. It tastes .A. terriblyB. terribleC. goodD. well( ) 5.—What do you think of your English teacher?—I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face.A. outgoingB. funnyC. friendlyD. serious( )6.---Why don’t you like pigs, Molly?---Because they are ______ .A. cuteB. uglyC. smartD. friendly2、副词区分a. late 与lately late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近" 例如:You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?b. hard与hardly hard 表示努力地/的hardly表示―几乎不‖例如:he works hard. I can hardly finish it in a week.c. close与closely close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔细地" 例如:He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.d. deep与deeply deep意思是"深"表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地" 例如:He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the movie.e. high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much 例如The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.f. wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" 例如:He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.( ) 1 Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.te; latelyB. lately; lateC. lately; latelyD. late; late二、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
2022年中考英语语法专题之形容词和副词的用法(含练习和答案)
形容词和副词的用法1.To learn the basic usage of adjectives and adverbs in this unit.2.To learn the comparative level of adjectives and adverbs in this unit3.Attract students’ interest to English learning.【考点1】形容词和副词的基本用法(一)形容词1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
(1) 作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。
如:The nice girl is my sister.(2) 作表语,放在系动词之后。
如:He looks very happy.(3) 作宾补,放在宾语之前,常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。
如:You must keep your eyes closed.【即学即练】Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _____.(2016贵阳)A. sleepB. asleepC. sleepy答案:C2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人,常见词有good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white等。
如:The young should be polite to the old.3. 形容词的顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词(包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词)修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则,一般不得随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。
通常可按下面的次序排列:(1) 限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。
2024年中考英语专题复习---形容词和副词课件
3. 按功用分类需掌握的几类副词: (1) 句子副词:luckily, actually, traditionally等,通常 修饰整个句子。 (2) 连接副词:besides, however等,在句子和分句之 间起连接作用。 (3) 疑问副词:how, where, when, why, how long, how soon, how often, how far 等,用来引导特殊疑问句。 (4) 缩合连接副词(关联词):how, where, when, 等, 可用来连接宾语从句。 (5) 关系副词:when, where, why等,用来引导定语从 句。
(2) 表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时 :not as/so + adj./adv.原形 + as
Tom isn’t as/so tall as me. I don’t sing as/so loudly as my sister.
A + less adj./adv.原级+than + B
形容词、副词的比较级 、最高级
形容词、副词的级
多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和 最高级。
(一)原级:即形容词或副词的原形。原级前可 用very,quite,too,enough,so等副词修饰。
I’m very hungry. My sister runs quite fast.
(1) 表示两者在某一方面相同:as + adj./adv.原形 + as This dress is as beautiful as that one. Linda sings as well as Amy.
形容词和副词比较级的构成:+er/more; 最高级的构成:+est/most
中考英语语法解析-形容词、副词考点
中考英语语法解析-形容词、副词考点【命题趋势与预测】形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。
对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面:1. 形容词的用法;2. 副词的用法;3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法;4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
【考点诠释】考点1:考查形容词、副词区别修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用副词,修饰连系动词、名词用形容词。
【考例1】Walk ,or we’ll be late for the meeting. (贵州毕节中考课改卷) A.slowly B. slow C. quickly D. quick解析:C 分析语境逻辑可知,该空表示“快速”,因此应排除A、B。
walk为行为动词,应用副词修饰,因此该空应填quickly。
【考例2】—Is someone hurt?—Yes, one is hurt, but not . (甘肃省中考题)A. badB. hardC. badlyD. much解析:C 分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知,该空表示“严重”,且修饰过去分词hurt,因此应填badly。
考点2:考查形容词、副词级的判别形容词、副词可分为原级、比较级和最高级。
原级用于描绘原形含义,常构成as…as结构;比较级用于两者之间进行比较,常用结构是形容词、副词比较级+than…;最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较,常用结构是最高级+of/in…,其中of引出同类比较对象,in引出一定范围的比较对象。
形容词、副词比较等级的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
【考例1】—He thinksof others than of himself.—That’s why everyone likes to make friends with him. (厦门市中考课改卷) A. much B. more C. little D. less解析:B 分析语境逻辑可知,前句表示“他替别人考虑比替自己考虑更多”,因此应填more。
中考英语 语法专题突破专题突破五 形容词和副词 (22)
【真题展示】
—(2021·云南)I think it is a good way to study English by watching
English movies.
—I agree.I find it ________ to improve my listening.
A.harmful
B.thankful
词义
有时 通常 几乎不 两次 总是 一次
频度副词 (词组) often seldom never daily weekly ever
词义
常常 很少 从来不 每天 每周 曾经
three times
三次 now and 偶尔 then
not…any more/longer
不再 every day 每天
专题突破五 形容词和副词
【考情分析】 在贵州各地市(州)近三年的中考中,形容词和副词是必考点,分值通
常在 3~6 分。从命题形式来看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、短文填空、 基础知识与运用等;其中对形容词和副词的句法功能、比较等级的用法 及易混形容词和副词辨析的考查是重点。
【知识结构】
形容词词义辨析★★★ 形容 副词词义辨析★★★ 词和 形容词和副词的混合辨析★★☆ 副词 形容词和副词的比较等级★★★
7.Susan is new here and has few friends to talk with.She feels very ___DD___.
A.happy B.lucky C.alone D.lonely
1.形容词的语境辨析 针对形容词的语境辨析,对比其选项特点还可细分为“同类辨析”和“不同 类辨析”两种情况。贵州各地市(州)以“同类辨析”的考查为主,话题词汇 主要涉及情感情绪类、人物状态类、性格特征类、身体状况类等。
中考英语复习语法攻关五 形容词和副词
( )5.(2017·北部湾经济区第35题)She closed the door ________ in order not to make her grandpa awake. A.angrily B.loudly C.clearly D.quietly
21
【典题答案】
1.D。考查副词词义辨析。题意“蒂娜,________ 关上门。 你哥哥在为考试而学习。”clearly 清楚地; easily容易地;widely广泛地;quietly安静地。根据 句意可知是安静地关上门,故选D。 2.B。考查形容词和副词的混合辨析。题意“这个 男孩________问我:‘打扰了,你们学校有图书馆 吗?’”polite 礼貌的,形容词;politely 礼貌地, 副词;
4
【典题答案】
1.A。考查形容词词义辨析。题意“一棵________ 树在河流附近。”首先排除C,描述树通常用tall, big,又因前面有不定冠词a,故选A。 2.C。考查形容词词义辨析。题意“——吉米经常 在他的空闲时间做志愿者吗?——是的。他经常为 别人修理________电脑。”根据题意和选项可知, 电脑坏了才需要修理,故选C。
4 sleeping 指“在睡觉的”,作形容词和现在分词
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2.常见现在分词形容词和过去分词形容词的辨析
ed的形容词 moved 感动的
ing的形容词 moving 移动的;动人的
excited 激动的,兴奋的
exciting 使人激动的;令 人兴奋的
surprised 感到惊讶的
surprising 令人惊讶的
closed 关着的;不公开的 closing 收盘的;结束的
relaxed 悠闲的
松懈的;放松的;
中考英语语法真题训练形容词副词含解析
形容词副词形容词1. 形容词的位置:1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:3) 复合形容词的构成:II. 副词副词的分类:III. 形容词和副词比较等级:形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。
比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。
如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。
如:I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。
如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
五.介词I.介词分类:II. 常用介词区别:真题链接:1. -What do you think of working as a doctor?- It 's a good job to help people keep___________.A. busyB. strictC. healthyD. generous2. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is_________________ than her brother. (2019.北京)A.patientB.more patientC.most patientD.the most patient3.More and more people have realized that clear water and green mountains are asas mountains of gold a and silver.A. centralB. specialC. valuable4. How ____ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match.A heavily B. light C. heavy D. lightly5. —What do you think of the environment in your hometown?—It's . Both the air and the water are badly polluted.A. not badB. as good as beforeC. much better than beforeD.not as good as before6.Sam is 11 years old.Peter is 16 years old.Peter is 5 years____than Sam.A.olderB.shorterC.newerD.longer7.I could____control my feelings at the moment.The movie reminds me of my childhood.A.reallyB.nearlyC.slowlyD.hardly8. Fishing is one of ____ activities among the middle-aged people.A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular9. A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much ____ than the one with 4G.A. FastB. fasterC. fastestD. the fastest10.Tea is one of_____drinks in the world.A.more popular B.the more popularC.most popular D.the most popular11.Wang Wei speaks English as_____as Yang Lan. They both study English hard.A.good B.well C.better D.best12.﹣Why is Mike so popular in your class?﹣﹣﹣Because he always tells jokes. He is ________.A.humorous B.polite C.honest D.friendly13.Why was Jim late for work this morning?﹣﹣﹣He got up late.A.nearly B.gradually C.hardly D.probably14.What do you think of the TV program The Reader?﹣﹣﹣Excellent. Many people are about it. They never miss it.A.nervous B.worried C.crazy D.angry15.Frank has changed a lot,hasn't he?﹣﹣﹣Yes. He is much because he exercises every day.A.strong B.strongerC.strongest D.the strongest16.--- You are singing to the plants!--- That’s true. I believe it helps them grow .A. slowerB. betterC. harder17. Peter studies ______________ of all the students in his class.A. hardB. harderC. hardest18. -Roy never likes junk food.-Neither do I. That's probably why I'm becoming ____________ now.A. healthy and healthyB. more and more healthilyC. weaker and weakerD. healthier and healthier19.Jane is very thirsty, so she needssomeA.waterB.breadC. cakesD. rice20.Does the dishtaste as as itlooks?A. wellB. bestC. goodD. better21.We should notgooutside, in such a terrible storm.A.probablyB. especiallyC.immediatelyD.exactly22.Does the dish taste as as it looks?A.well B.best C.good D.better23.We should not go outside, in such a terrible storm.A.Probably B.especiallyC.immediately D.exactly24.Mr. Black's speech is______.It helps us have a better understanding of life.A.silly B.awful C.excellent25.As students, we should go over lessons and do our homework______.A.carefully B.finally C.slowly26.Shanghai has a______population than that in many other cities.A.large B.larger C.largest27. The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel_________A. easierB. harderC. higherD. slower28. Ken was_________ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.A. stillB. alwaysC. alreadyD. almost29.More and more people agree that expressions such as “LOL” and “hahaha” are makingour speech more direct but interesting and creative.A.lessB. moreC. the leastD. the most30—You don’t like British breakfast, do you?—Not . I just need some time to get used to it.A. moreB. onlyC. trulyD. exactly31. Many tourists visit Longfeng Wetland (湿地) all year round.____ in summer.A. hardlyB. nearlyC. especiallyD.really32.----If there are ______ people driving ,there will be ______air pollution. ----Yes,and the air will be fresher.A.less :lessB. less;fewerC. fewer:fewerD.fewer ;less33.—what's the weather like in summer here?—It s hot. Sometimes it rains ____.A. clearlyB. heavilyC. carefully34. Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn ____ every day.A. nothing new B new something C. something new35.Seeing a butterfly resting on a flower, the girl moved________ to have a look at it.A. quietlyB. easilyC. politely36. Bill says, “Robinson Crusoe is ________ interesting than Tom Sawyer.”A. very moreB. more muchC. much more37. Sally’s home is far from Fun Times Park, so she ________ walks there.A. seldomB. usuallyC. often38. —Mike plays the drums so wonderfully!—Of course. He is than any other students in his class.A. talentedB. more talentedC. less talentedD. the most talented39.一Do you know Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge(港珠澳大桥)-Yes ,it is____cross- sea bridge in the world.A. the longerB.longestC.the longestD.longer40. —Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow ?—Everyone in our group loves animals, but he always seems.A. anxiousB. personalC. cruelD. careless41—It is____cross—sea bridge in the wortd, linking Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao.A. longB. longerC.longestD.the longest42. 一How do you like this plan?A. Perfect.B. Terrible.C. MeaninglessD. Awful43. 一The young are always busy checking their mobile phones while getting together.一So it is. They should put down phones and have more talks, ________.A. stillB. tooC. eitherD. instead44. 一There will be no winner in the trade war between China and the US.一I agree. If we can't avoid it, the relationship will get ________as time goes on.A. badB. badlyC. worseD. worst 45.Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished ______ one.A.the most difficult B.the least difficult C.the less difficult46. -This T-shirt is a bit expensive for me-But this is _________one in our shop, sir.A. cheapB. cheaperC. the cheapest47. -Shaoyang has changed a lot in the past few years.-Yes. It is getting _________________.A. cleanB. cleanerC. cleanest48. Lin Tao, a student of Grade 9, is ________ boy in our school.A. tallB. tallerC. the tallest49. Tina isas ________ as her sister. Tara.)A. outgoingB. more outgoingC. the most outgoing50.- Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer?- Eat __________ meat and ___________cakes.A. less; lessB. fewer; fewerC. less; fewerD. fewer; less51 Jim is watching a football match which is shown __________TV. Though he is not on thescene, he can still cheer for his team.A. livelyB. liveC. livingD. alive52. You must raise your hand if you have any questions in class._________, your teacher won’tnotice you.A. OtherwiseB. AnyhowC. InsteadD. Moreover53. In the library, students are required to keep ___________ and move ____________.(A. quiet; quietB. quiet; quietlyC. quietly; quietD. quietly; quietly54 While watching the film yesterday, I couldn't stop laughing at some __________moments.A. humorousB. challengingC. dangerousD. surprising55. —I hear people can pay for almost everything by ZHI FU BAO in China.—Actually. It’s that people often go shopping without taking any paper money.A. importantB. impossibleC. surprisingD. necessary56. —Would you like to go to the city and live with us, Granny?—Oh, dear, I’m used to the life in the country. I think life here isA. more comfortableB. less comfortableC. the most comfortableD. the least comfortable57. The flying squirrel might be one of __________ animals you could meet during the trip.A. strangeB. strangerC. strangestD. the strangest58. Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?A. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD. clearly59. LeBron James is one of ___________ players in the NBA. He is my hero.A. betterB. the bestC. worseD. the worst60. Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction.A. soB. veryC. suchD. quite61. -How about the fruit salad?-Yummy! It tastes very _________. By the way, who made it?A. goodB. badC. wellD. badly62. In order to protect the environment, all the countries should work _________with each other.A. closeB. closelyC. nearD. nearly63. -I missed the film "The Wandering Earth"-What a pity! It is ______________ meaningful film that it is really worth seeing.A. such aB. soC. suchD. so a64. -Guess what? The university has accepted my application!-Wow! That’s __________ new I’ve heard this year, Boris! Let’s celebrate.A. a worseB. the worstC. a betterD. the best65. –Can you tell me when the Boeing 737 MAX planes will be allowed to fly again, sir?- I’m afraid it’s still _________to talk about that. We’ll see.A. later enoughB. early enoughC. too lateD. too early66. –You haven’t said a ___________word since last Friday. What’s wrong?-Nothing. Just leave me alone.A. simpleB. singleC. similarD. silent67. Peter spoke so __________ that I could hardly hear him.A. loudlyB. quietlyC. clearlyD. patiently68. - What do you think of the band’s performance?- It could be __________. I think they’re feeling very nervous.A. goodB. betterC. badD. worse69. —He is planning to walk on the wings of the a flying plane.—What? I have never heard of ______idea before.A crazier B. the crazier C. a creaziest D. the creaziest70. Frederick _______entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him _______.A. successful ; successB. successful ; successfullyC. successfully ; successD. successfully ; successful71. "Left-behind" children _________see their parents, because their parents work in the cities,leaving them behind in the countryside to be cared for by their grandparents.A. alwaysB. hardly everC. Often72. The artist is so ________ that he can’t make different changing pictures with sand.A. commonB. carelessC. creativeD. helpful73. –Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.- Yes, Chinese is _______ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.A. hardlyB. widelyC. neverD. seldom74. You need not only talent but also hard work to become a _________ football player.A. youngB. successfulC. happyD. friendly75. _________ say the English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.A. AlwaysB. SometimesC. SeldomD. Never76. The police are watching the suspect _____ for more clues which will help solve the case.A. clearlyB. highlyC. closelyD. heavily77. —Tan Dun does not use any musical instrument in his music Water.—That’s really amazing! He is so _____.A. energeticB. modestC. seriousD. creative78. Because of the flood, there are _________ tourists in that ancient town this year than last year.A. moreB. mostC. fewerD. fewest79. A black young man named Sheku Kanneh-Mason is _________ enough to show that people of colour can take on any challenge of classical music.A. modestB. humorousC. confidentD. curious80. Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix "un-" to give it the opposite meaning?A. happyB. healthyC. usualD. polite81. -Tom speaks Chinese quite well now.- Yes, he has made ____________ progress in Chinese learning.A. commonB. simpleC. perfectD.rapid82. Not only Chinese kids but also western kids ______________ Journey to the West.A. are famous forB. are afraid ofC. are worried aboutD. are interested in83. Intelligent house furnishings(智能家居) am __________ used in people's homes these days.A. widelyB. luckilyC. softlyD.loudly84. The Greens like the quietness in the countryside. The city is too ______ for them.A. comfortableB.dangerousC. noisyD. perfect85. Mr. Liu _________ watches TV. He thinks watching TV is a waste of time.A. oftenB. seldomC. alwaysD. usually86.—Simon has been________ school for 2 days. What's wrong with him?—It's said that he has a cold.A. nervous aboutB. thirsty forC. absent fromD. worried about87.-What do you think of the TV program I'm a singer?-Great! I've never watched a ______ one.A.worse B.better C.bad D.good88.His grandfather did his best to keep the tree________,but it died in the end.A.aliveB.asleepC.absentD.awake89.Nelson__exercises because he has too much work every day.uallyB.alwaysC.oftenD.seldom90.Whenwereadapieceofnewsonline,we’dbettermakesureit’sbefore sending it to others. If not, we may spread something bad.A.trueB.specialC.strange91. --- Our motherland’s 70th birthday iscoming.- -- Great! We will hold many activities tocelebrateit .A.wiselyB.warmlyC.simply92. --- After the big exams, we can finally have a goodrelax.---How I a chance to have a chance to have a trip! I can’t wait.A. am worried aboutB. am thirsty forC. am good at93.As we know, its very difficult to live in a foreign country like the UK, the US and so on.﹣﹣I agree._____ if you don't understand the local language.A.Especially B.Generally C.Naturally D.Exactly94.Maling's Chinese isn't so____as Wangming's.﹣﹣I know them very much, But now Maling studies____than Wangming does.A.good; harder B.good; hardC.better; harder D.better;better95.Anny, my mother never gets up late for my breakfast. What about your mother?﹣﹣My mother,____.Mothers in China do more for us children.A.too B.also C.either D.neither96. Taking a subway in Chengdu is much __________than taking a taxi.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapest97 — Mum, could you buy me a dress like this, please?— Of course. We can buy one than this, but it.A. a better; better thanB. a worse; as good asC. a cheaper; as good asD. a more important; not as good as98. -Who sings __________in your class?- Li Jing does.A. most beautifullyB. most beautifulC. more beautifullyD. more beautiful99. The we do for other people, the we will beA. much: happierB. more; happyC. more: happierD. most: happiest 100. Tom cannot run as ________as his friends, so he practices running very hard.A.FastB.FasterC.slowD.slower101. The PLA Navy(中国人民解放军海军) has been greatly helping keep world peace,As a Chinese. I am_________it.A.responsible forB.proud ofC.full ofD.known for102. The living room becomes ____________as the sunlight comes in through the windows.A. biggerB. cleanerC. quieterD. brighter 103. Betty felt so tired last night that she ____________ fell asleep in bed after lying down.A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately104. You’d better leave ____, or trouble will come to you.A. livelyB. friendlyC. heavilyD. quickly105. Nobody worked the math problem out. It was ____ one of all.A. easierB. the easiestC. more difficultD. the most difficult答案:1.CBCCD 6.BDBBD 11.BADCB 16.BCDAC 21.BCBCA 26.BADAD 31.CDBCA36.CABCC 41.DADCC 46.CBCAC 51.BABAC 56.ADDBA 61.ABADD 66.BBBAC71.BCBBD 76.CDCCD 81.DDABB 86.CBADA 91BBAAC 96.BCACA 101.BDDDD。
中考英语 语法专题突破专题突破五 形容词和副词 (19)
moved 受感动的 bored 厌倦的 relaxed 放松的 amazed 惊讶的 tired 疲倦的
(3)常见的形容词短语
短语类型
示例
be full of 充满…… “be+adj.+of”
型短语 be proud of 为……感到自豪 be afraid of 害怕……
语
只能作定
little(小的),wooden,woolen,elder,
语
English-speaking,man-made(人造的)…
位于名词前,排序为: 多个形容
词 (限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小,长短、高低的 形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出
作定语 处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)
形容词+名词(形容 复合不定代词+形容词(形容词修饰复合不定代词时一般位
于被修饰词后)
作表语 系动词/感官动词+形容词
作宾补 make/leave/keep/find+宾语+形容词
只能作表 alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,ill,well…
excited,interested,relaxed,bored,surprised,amazed, -(e)d
moved,tired exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring,surprising,amazing, -ing moving,tiring
-ish foolish,selfish careful,useful,helpful,successful,harmful,powerful,
③“副词+过去分词”构成的形容词。如:well-known 著名的; ④由分词转换而来的形容词。如:broken windows 破损的窗户; ⑤其他:English-speaking 讲英语的;take-away 可带走的。
初中英语形容词和副词用法讲解
初中英语语法---形容词和副词用法讲解命题趋势:形容词的比较级是近几年中考命题的热点之一,占中考题的百分之九以上,近几年中考试题主要考查形容词在句中作表语,后置定语和宾语补足语的用法。
比较级的一些不规律的情况及一些固定句型也尤为重要,比较级和最高级在特定的语言环境中的选用也是重点考查内容。
考点一、形容词的定义及句法功能形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。
形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
1.用作定语,修饰名词或代词。
(1)形容词修饰名词时,一般置于它所修饰的名词之前;如有若干形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它们的排列顺序较为固定,通常为:描绘形容词—特征形容词--(包括大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等)--颜色形容词。
例如:She has beautiful long curly blond hair.她长着漂亮的金黄色长卷发。
Mary gave me a useful big brown wooden box.玛丽给我一个实用的大的褐色木盒子。
注意:A.enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后。
但多放在名词前。
例如:Don’t worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there.别着急,我们有足够的时间赶到那儿。
B.由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。
例如:an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩(2)形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时,需后置。
例如:Will you please tell us something interesting?你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗?The re’s nothing special in the box.盒子里没有什么特别的东西。
Anyone intelligent can do it.任何有智力的人都能做这件事。
初中英语语法专题五 形容词和副词
专题五--形容词和副词WHY为什么要用形容词考点一形容词的用法及辨析一、形容词的用法说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词形容词的用法或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1.作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。
如:The nice girl is my sister.I have something important to tell you.2作表语,放在系动词之后。
如:He looks very happy.3▲作宾补,放在宾语之后,常与m a ke, leave,keep等动词连用。
如You must keep your eyes closed.二、形容词辨析1.-ing 形容词和-ed形容词2.区别是什么:▲-ing用来表示一个人,一个物或者一种情景的特征▲-ed用来形容人的感觉或者情感比较:My girlfriend is bored.My girlfriend is boring.-ing形容词修饰物-ed形容词修饰物例句Surprising Surprised This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the news.interesting interested I read an interesting book last week.Are you interested in watching football games?exciting Excited Lucy told me that she had an exciting journy this summer holiday.I’m excited about the traveling.pleasing pleased This is a pleasing trip.Mr. Smith is pleased with our performance.frightening frightened We were told a frightening story last night.we are frightened of the ghost.moving moved Titanic is a moving film.All the people were deeply moved by the love of Jack and Rose. tiring tired It’s a long tiring day.I’m too tired to go out again.fascinating Fascinated What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.Amusing Amused He likes to surround himself with amusing people.We were all amused at his stories.Disappointing Disappointed If you do, you’ll only be disappointed.It was disappointing to lose the game.Worrying Worried We are worried about you.Her sisuation is worring.3.多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的顺序-描绘形容词—大小(长短高低)形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形容词—名词I bought a nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的) French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk.太长了.....我们常用的是这样的↓↓:an old Chinese stone bridgesome beautiful little red flowers但如果确实要用这么多定语来修饰这个writing desk的话可以怎么做呢?如何辨别哪些是形容词呢:通常来讲如下后缀结尾的词为形容词:-al, -ial, -ical:national, essential, criticial,special, social,central, general-able, -ible:vuable, edible,unable, suitable, reasonable,possible, responsible-an, -ian:American, Roman,Australian-full:meaninful, faithful, beautiful-ic:energetic,public,academic, fantastic, dramatic-ical:biological, chemical, logical,medical,musical, physical,-ive:active,creative, commutative,decisive, effective-ish:foolish, selfish, childish,girlish, yellowish-less:meaningless, endless, useless,helpless,colorless-y:easy, ready,dry, cloudy, sunny, rainy,snowy-ous, -ose: various, famous,curious,dangerous-ant, -ent:important, brriliant,dominant, distant,diffrent, present, recent-ile:4.形容词短语辨析在英语中有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词构成形容词短语,常见的有: (1)与a bout搭配be careful about对……小心be sure about对…有把握be crazy about对…热衷be curious about对……好奇be worried about对…担忧be anxious about对感到焦虑be sorry about对…感到遗憾be strict about sth.对某事要求严格(2)与a t搭配be amused at以为乐be annoyed at对…恼怒be surprised at对感到惊奇be angry at对生气be good at在…方面擅长的用(与期词(3)与f or搭配be famous for因…而著名get ready for做好准备be sorry for感到抱歉be fit/unfit for适合/不适合be good for对有好处be bad for对…有坏处be suitable for适合be thirsty for渴望(4)与f rom搭配be absent from缺席be different from与不同be separated from和…分离开(5)与in搭配be interested in对……感兴趣be weak in在...方面薄弱be different in在…方面不同be successful in在…方面成功(6)与搭配be afraid of害怕be fond of喜欢be proud of为感到自豪be tired of对…感到厌倦be full of充满be careful of对…小心be short of…短缺be ashamed of对…感到羞愧(7)与t o搭配be close to接近,靠近be good to对…好be kind to对和蔼be rude to对……粗鲁be polite to对……有礼貌be useful to对……有用be related to与……有关be similar to与……相似(8)与w ith搭配be angry with对……生气be careful with小心be busy with忙于be filled with充满be related to与有be similar to与相似(8)与w ith搭配be angry with对……气be careful with小心be busy with忙于be filled with充满be satisfied with对……感到满意be pleased with对……感到满意be patient with对……有耐心be strict with sb.对某人要求严格WHY什么是副词?为什么要使用副词?Even after one year of lessons, Luke plays the piano badly.He's always in a rush. I don't understand why he walks so quicklyMichael happily took the assistant job. He had been looking for a position all summer.以上表示how,怎么样,以什么方式I couldn’t find the car keys inside your purse.The lift is moving up.-Where is Lucy? I haven’t seen for a while.-She is/went abroad.Wendy threw the garbage out, but the flies would not leave.以上表示where,在哪里I didn’t go to the museum yesteday.Charlie, can you wait me for a second? I’ll be back soon.I have already finished the project.The recently found Wallace was so lost that he just wandered aimlessly in circles.以上表示when,在什么时候。
05形容词副词专题-2022年“超细”中考英语语法专题
第一部分词类语法形容词/副词(Adjective/Adverb)Lookerson see more than players. 当局者迷,旁观者清必知考点1:形容词/副词的构成◇G构成常见的形容词的构成①以[y]结尾:health + [y] →healthy 健康的greed + [y] →greedy 贪婪的②以[al], [ial]结尾:natur(e) + [al] →natural 自然的influent + [ial] →influential 有影响力的③以[ful], [less]结尾:success + [ful] →successful 成功的aim + [less] →aimless 无目标的④以[able]结尾:afford + [able] →affordable 可支持的reason + [able] →reasonable 有原因的⑤以[ive]结尾:product + [ive] →productive 有生产力的attract + [ive] →attractive 有吸引力的⑥以[ly]结尾:friend + [ly] →friendly 友好的live + [ly] →lively 生机勃勃的⑦以[ous], [ious]结尾:fam(e) + [ous] →famous 著名的spac(e) + [ious] →spacious 广大的⑧复合形容词:kind + hearted →kindhearted 心地善良的dark + blue →darkblue 暗蓝色的巧思:对[形容词后缀]的一些建议①不要特意去记,[后缀]只能辅助记忆,不能作为[背单词的手段]a. [形容词]中文翻译带有“的”字;b. 许多[形容词]都是由[差不多意思的其他词性]变换而来,因此背单词时只需要在原有单词含义基础上添加“的”字即可。
②[ful]结尾的形容词含义是:“充满……的”如:success n. 成功+ [ful] =充满成功的:successful③[able]结尾的形容词含义是:“能够……的”如:afford v. 支持+ [able] =可以支持的:affordable④[ive]结尾的形容词含义是:“有……性质的”如:act n. 行为+ [ive] =活力的:active⑤[less]是[否定形容词后缀]如:home n. 家+ [less] =无家可归的:homeless副词的构成①[形容词] + [ly]构成副词:happy →改y为i + [ly] →happily 高兴地careful + [ly] →carefully 认真地②天生就是[副词]:hard adv. 努力地alone adv. 孤独地巧思:不要被[ly]迷惑不是所有的以[ly]结尾的单词都是[副词]a. [adj.] + [ly] →[adv.]successful + [ly] →successfully adv. 成功地b. [v.], [n.] + [ly] →[adj.]like + [ly] →likely adj. 有可能的必知考点2:形容词变副词的细则形容词变副词细则①一般在[形容词]末尾加[ly]quick + [ly] →quickly slow + [ly] →slowly②以[辅音字母加y结尾]的[形容词],把[y]变成[i]再加[ly]happy →变[y]为[i] + [ly] →happily angry →变[y]为[i] + [ly] →angrily③少数以[e]结尾的[形容词],需要去掉[e]再加[y]或[ly]true →去掉[e] + [ly] →truly fortable →去掉[e] + [y] →fortably④有些以[ble], [ple]或[tle]结尾的[形容词],要去掉[e]再加[y]simple →去掉[e] + [y] →simply gentle →去掉[e] + [y] →gentlyterrible →去掉[e] + [y] →terribly⑤以[l]结尾的[形容词]在词尾加[ly],以[ll]结尾的[形容词]在词尾加[y]usual + [ly] →usually full + [y] →fully必考考点1:形容词与副词的用法及位置◇W位置形容词的位置①多数情况下,[形容词]作[前置定语]·Nice and warm days are ing.好且温暖的日子来临了。
【中考英语语法大汇总】:形容词和副词语法讲解
【中考英语语法大汇总】:形容词和副词(一)形容词和副词概述形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。
一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。
在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。
多数形容词具有比较等级。
副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。
在形式上,许多副词带有后缀ly。
形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目,也是中考重要考查内容。
考查重点是:(1)考查形容词与副词区别。
形容词与副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法,中考非常注重对此进行考查,在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。
(2)考查“级”的范围。
两个事物进行比较应使用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。
(3)考查比较级、最高级的注意点:①同类事物进行比较。
②将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较,因为主语只能和他人或他物相比,而不能和自己相比。
③使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内,否则离开这个范围,主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。
(4)考查比较级的重要句型。
比较级有许多热点句型:from bad to worse/worse and worse(每况愈下);more and more(越来越多的,越来越……);the+比较级,the+比较级(越……越……)。
(5)考查as...as同级比较句型。
(6)考查比较级的程度修饰语。
比较级的程度修饰语有:much,a 1ot,even,still,a bit,a little等。
(7)考查易混形容词与副词的区别(二)基础知识梳理1.形容词的用法和位置1)形容词作表语,表明主语的性质和特征,放在连系动词之后。
如:Computers are very useful in our everyday life.Leaves turn yellow in autumn.2)形容词作定语,修饰名词或不定代词,通常放在名词之前,不定代词之后。
如:This is an unhealthy diet.There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.3)形容词作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,与其构成复合宾语。
中考英语语法复习形容词、副词
形容词、副词形容词考点一:同类形容词词义辨析同类形容词词义辨析主要在完形填空题型中考查,偶尔会在单项填空题型中考查。
主要涉及人物描述类和物品描述类。
考生在做此类试题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中的关键信息,并分析各选项表达的意思,结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。
考点二:词义相对类形容词辨析词义相对类形容词辨析主要在完形填空题型中考查,偶尔会在单项填空题型中考查。
此类考点的试题,选项的设置中一般有两对词义相对类形容词。
常根据语境选择最佳答案。
考点三:同根词词义辨析同根词词义辨析在完形填空题型中有考查。
此类考点的试题,选项设置一般是同一个词根,通过给词根加前/后缀转换成不同的词。
考生在做此类试题时,可以先分析句子结构,然后确定空处所作的成分,再根据各个词性在句子中所作的成分来选择出正确答案。
考点四:形容词短语辨析英语有很多形容词短语,常见的有:(1) 与about搭配be worried about 对……担忧be crazy about 对……着迷be sure about 对……有把握be sorry about 对……感到遗憾be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格be careful about 对……小心翼翼be curious about 对……好奇be anxious about 对……感到焦虑(2) 与at搭配be amused at 以……为乐be annoyed at 对……恼怒be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be angry at 对……生气be good at 在……方面擅长(3) 与for搭配be famous for 因……而著名get ready for 为……做好准备be sorry for 为……感到抱歉be fit/unfit for 适合/不适合be good for 对……有好处be bad for 对……有坏处be suitable for 适合…… be thirsty for 渴望(4) 与in搭配be interested in 对……感兴趣be weak in 在……方面薄弱be different in 在……方面不同be rich in 富于,盛产be successful in 在……方面成功(5) 与of搭配be proud of 为……感到自豪be afraid of 害怕……be full of 充满……be tired of 对……厌倦(6) 与with搭配be angry with... 生……的气be busy with... 忙于……be filled with... 充满……be patient with... 对……有耐心be popular with... 受……欢迎be careful with 小心be satisfied with... 对……感到满意be pleased with 对……感到满意be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格(7) 与to搭配be close to 接近,靠近be good to 对……好be kind to 对……和蔼be rude to 对……粗鲁be polite to 对……礼貌be useful to 对……有用be related to 与……有关be similar to 与……相似-ing形容词常修饰物-ed形容词常修饰人例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the news.interesting 有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with us.frightening 令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by her deeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的It’s a long tiring day.I’m too tired.fascinating 迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.副词以ly结尾的副词辨析➢副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,句中作状语、表语、宾补等。
中考语法专题篇之形容词(副词)的比较级与最高级
中考语法专题篇之形容词(副词)的比较级与最高级形容词比较级和最高级一定义两者之间进行比较的时候,要用到形容词的比较级,通常than后接比较的对象。
三者及三者以上进行比较要用到形容词的最高级,形容词最高级前通常接要有定冠词the(副词最高级前the通常省略)He is taller than me.他比我高。
Tom is the tallest in his family.汤姆是他家里最高的。
[注意] 在英语中一些副词也是有比较级和最高级的,其构成与形容词的比较级和最高级一样,用法类似。
二构成1.[规则变化]2.[不规则变化]三比较级用法说明1.比较级(......)+than 的句型I have more money than you.2.原级比较as+adj/adv(原级)+as[在否定句第一个as可以换成so]My schoolbag is as big as yours.3.倍数的表达法[一倍是once,两倍是twice,三倍及以上是数词+times]①倍数+as +原级 +asMy school is three times as large as yours.②倍数+比较级+thanMy scores of this English exam is twice higher than those of Jack.③倍数+what 从句My homework is three times heavier what I used to have.④倍数+the seize/area/width/length/height/weight等+ofThis door is three times the width of that door.⑤倍数+that/those of +对象The length of this ruler is nearly three times that of that ruler.4.比较级表达最高级含义①Tom is the tallest in his class.=Tom is taller than any other student in his class.=Tom is taller than the other students in his class.=Tom is taller than the rest of the students in his class.[区分]any other+名词/any+名词any other 指比较的两个对象在同一个范围。
中考英语语法讲解之形容词和副词
形容词和副词1、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。
如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。
如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)⑷后置的情况:①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。
)The moonis about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)3、有关形容词的用法辨析:⑴whole与all:记住两个词序:①the whole + 名词;②all (of) the + 名词。
如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)⑵tall与high, short与low:指人的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用high与low。
如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)⑶real与true:real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。
中考英语语法形容词与副词(05)
副词的基本用法---考副词的位置
• 一: 修饰动词用(考点: 和形容词联合考察) • He does it very __ • good/ nice/ well/ wonderful Though he was __, he hardly finished the whole journey __. • good; well/ good; good/ well; well/ well; good • 最常考的形容词与副词 good—well的区别 • Well 是副词,在动词后是…做得好; 干得好… • Well 是形容词, 放在be动词后, 表健康 • Good 只是形容词, 表示品质 • He __ works __. • Hard; hard/ hardly; hardly/ hard; hardly/ hardly; hard • 解析:典型的频率副词和程度副词的联合考察—分清词性与 位置 • Hard work困难的工作—work hard努力工作—hardly work几 乎不工作
• • • •
He spent quite little money on his food. He spent quite a little money on his food. [1误] [析] quite a 为一固定用法,其意为"十分, 相当,所以"。 quite a few=many, quite a little=much 而only a little=little, only a few=few.
- Have you finished your homework? - No, not yet. - Have you finished your homework? - No, not already. [2误] [析] 仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already, yet 与 still。 要注意的是 already经常用于肯定句 中,如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于 疑问句和否定句中,如:Have you finished your homework yet? 而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之 间,如:We still can't decide what to do. 但也有 时用于be 动词之后,如:He is still here.
基础语法专题(五) 形容词和副词
from the Internet.
Beside→Besides
4.形容词与副词之间的错用
⑫ (2019·全 国 卷 Ⅱ )First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose
uniform looked so coolly.
coolly→cool
⑬(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but
albums.
difference→different
3.副词的错用
⑦(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)From now on, I started to play football with
classmates after school.
now→then
⑧(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to
be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.
too→very/so
⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went here again, they had a
big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.
⑬(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge).
⑭(2018·6 月浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
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中考英语语法专题详解五:形容词、副词专题五形容词、副词一、形容词1、形容词概述形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
大部分形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征,有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
例如:hot 热的,beautiful美丽的。
有的形容词只能作表语,没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。
例如:afraid害怕的,asleep睡着的。
2、形容词的用法1)作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前面。
但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的词语即复合不定代词时,要放在这些词之后。
例如:What an interesting movie it is! 多有趣的一部电影啊!There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么有趣的内容。
2)作表语放在系动词后面。
例如:The food smells delicious. 食物闻起来很香。
3)位于宾语后做宾语补足语。
例如:You must keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们必须保持教室干净整洁。
4)少数形容词只能作表语,如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, well(健康的),ill,sorry,glad,sure,pleased等。
例如:He is alone in the classroom.他独自在教室。
She has been asleep for three hours.她睡了三个小时了。
5)某些形容词之前加上冠词the表示一类人,如 the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the deaf, the blind, the living, the dead, the hungry 等。
例如:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
The young should be polite to the old.年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。
二、副词1、副词概述副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词或句子。
2、副词的分类和用法1) 时间副词:如now,today,yesterday,soon等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。
例如:There is going to be a class meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个班会。
They visited the aquarium yesterday. 他们昨天参观了水族馆。
2) 频度副词:如sometimes,often, always, usually等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。
例如:They have never seen each other before.他们以前从未见过面。
What do you usually do on weekends?你们周末通常做什么?3) 地点副词:如here, there, home, somewhere, anywhere,outside等,在句子中担任地点状语。
例如:I have looked for my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.我到处找了我的钢笔,但哪儿都没看见。
4) 方式副词:如slowly, quickly, fast, luckily, easily等,在句子中担任方式状语。
这类副词大都由“形容词+ly”构成。
例如:Please speak more slowly so that we can hear you clearly.请慢点说以便我们能够听清楚你说的内容。
5) 程度副词:如very, quite, rather, too, much, so等,在句子中修饰形容词或其他副词,作状语。
例如:It’s much too hot in Changsha these days.这些天长沙太热了。
The little boy can play the guitar very well.这小男孩吉他弹得非常好。
6) 疑问副词:如when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far,how old等,放在句首构成特殊疑问句。
例如:How soon will your father be back home? 你爸过多久回到家?How often do you go to the movie? 你们隔多久看一次电影?7) 关系副词:如when, where, why, how等,用来引导相关从句。
例如:What were you doing when the UFO landed? UFO着陆时你在干什么?I ‘d like to go somewhere where people are friendly. 我想去人们友好的地方。
3、副词的位置总的来说,很多副词的位置比较灵活,在句子开头、中间、结尾都可以。
但是请注意下面几点:1)频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
例如:He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。
He usually goes to see his grandparents on Saturday. 他通常周六去看望爷爷奶奶。
2)enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如:The little boy isn’t old enough to go to school. 小男孩没到上学的年龄。
He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得够快,抓住了小偷。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级1、形容词和副词比较等级的构成绝大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(原形)、比较级和最高级,他们的构成规则大致相同。
列表如下:表一:规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少节词一般直接在词尾加-er,-esttallshorttallershortertallestshortest以不发音的e结尾的加-er,-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i,再加-er,-estheavyearlyheavierearlierheaviestearliest以重读闭音节结尾、且词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-estthinbigthinnerbiggerthinnest多音节词和部分双音节词(尤其是带词缀的双音节词)在原级前加more,mostinterestingimportantquicklymore interestingmore importantmore quicklymost interestingmost importantmost quickly原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestmany, muchmoremostbad,ill, badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther较远(字面意义)further进一步(引申意义)farthest最远(字面意义)furthest最大限度(引申意义)oldolder年纪较大的(用于比较级)elder较年长的(只用作定语)oldest年纪最大的(用于最高级)eldest最年长的(只用作定语)2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法1)两者之间进行比较用比较级。
其常见句子结构为:A +谓语动词+比较级+than+B。
例如:This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。
Lily has more friends than I. 莉莉比我朋友多。
Tom runs faster than Jim. 汤姆比吉姆跑得快。
注:可以用程度副词a little, a lot, a bit, much, even, still, far等修饰比较级,表示比较的程度差异。
例如:It is much hotter in Changsha than that in Beijing in summer.长沙的夏天比北京的夏天热得多。
He studies English a lot harder than the other students in his class.他学英语比班上其他同学努力得多。
2)在三者或三者以上的人或物之间进行比较时用最高级,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可加可不加,句子中常有in或of短语来表示比较的范围。
其常见句子结构为:A+谓语动词+the+最高级+比较范围。
例如:Changjiang is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
Rruce runs fastest of the three. 布鲁斯是三个人中跑得最快的。
3)表示A和B在某一方面相同或不及时用同级比较。
其常见句型为:A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B。
其否定结构为:A+谓语动词(not)+as/so+原级+as+B。
例如:English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。
Math is not as interesting as History. 数学不如历史有趣味。
He speaks English as well as Chinese. 他英语和汉语说得一样好。
She doesn’t do her homework as carefully as her brother.她做作业不如她哥哥细心。
4)选择疑问句比较级和最高级的句型分别为:“疑问词+谓语动词+比较级,A or B?”和“疑问词+谓语动词+最高级,A,B or C?”例如:Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?太阳或地球,哪个更大?Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球或月亮,哪个最大?Who plays soccer better, David or Martin?戴维或马丁,谁足球踢得更好?Who plays soccer best, David, Martin or Bill?戴维、马丁或比尔,谁足球踢得最好?5)表示“越……就越……”时,其句型为“the +比较级,the+比较级”。