论文摘要翻译

合集下载

毕业论文外文翻译(中英文)

译文交通拥堵和城市交通系统的可持续发展摘要:城市化和机动化的快速增长,通常有助于城市交通系统的发展，是经济性，环境性和社会可持续性的体现,但其结果是交通量无情增加，导致交通拥挤。

道路拥挤定价已经提出了很多次，作为一个经济措施缓解城市交通拥挤，但还没有见过在实践中广泛使用，因为道路收费的一些潜在的影响仍然不明。

本文首先回顾可持续运输系统的概念,它应该满足集体经济发展,环境保护和社会正义的目标.然后,根据可持续交通系统的特点，使拥挤收费能够促进经济增长，环境保护和社会正义。

研究结果表明,交通拥堵收费是一个切实有效的方式，可以促进城市交通系统的可持续发展。

一、介绍城市交通是一个在世界各地的大城市迫切关注的话题。

随着中国的城市化和机动化的快速发展,交通拥堵已成为一个越来越严重的问题,造成较大的时间延迟,增加能源消耗和空气污染，减少了道路网络的可靠性．在许多城市,交通挤塞情况被看作是经济发展的障碍.我们可以使用多种方法来解决交通挤塞,包括新的基础设施建设，改善基础设施的维护和操作,并利用现有的基础设施,通过需求管理策略,包括定价机制,更有效地减少运输密度.交通拥堵收费在很久以前就已提出，作为一种有效的措施,来缓解的交通挤塞情况。

交通拥堵收费的原则与目标是通过对选择在高峰拥挤时段的设施的使用实施附加收费,以纾缓拥堵情况．转移非高峰期一些出行路线,远离拥挤的设施或高占用车辆，或完全阻止一些出行,交通拥堵收费计划将在节省时间和降低经营成本的基础上,改善空气中的质量，减少能源消耗和改善过境生产力。

此计划在世界很多国家和地方都有成功的应用。

继在2０世纪70年代初和8０年代中期挪威与新加坡实行收费环,在20０３年2月伦敦金融城推出了面积收费；直至现在,它都是已经开始实施拥挤收费的大都市圈中一个最知名的例子。

然而,交通拥堵收费由于理论和政治的原因未能在实践中广泛使用。

道路收费的一些潜在的影响尚不清楚,和城市发展的拥塞定价可持续性,需要进一步研究。

论文英文摘要翻译浅析(优秀3篇)

论文英文摘要翻译浅析（优秀3篇）范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。

常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。

那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？下面是小编为大伙儿带来的3篇《论文英文摘要翻译浅析》，可以帮助到您，就是小编最大的乐趣哦。

摘要的英语说法篇一summary摘要的英语例句：篇二1、 First, we have this roundup of the days news.首先来看今天的新闻摘要。

2、 The material below is a distillation of his work.下面的材料是他工作的摘要。

3、 Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。

4、The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。

5、 Well be back after the break with a round-up oftodays other stories.休息之后我们会摘要报道今天其他的新闻。

6、 Later we received resumes of what she had said.后来我们收到她讲话的摘要。

7、Objective Inquiry into the heavy asphy_iation rescues measure of the new born.摘要目的探讨新生儿重度窒息抢救的措施。

8、 He has abstracted the speech.他对讲话作了摘要。

9、 He made an abstract of a long article.他对一篇长文章做了摘要。

毕业论文摘要英文翻译

毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。

论文季,搞定摘要翻译

论文季又到，教你如何搞定摘要翻译！每年这个时候既是大四学生的毕业季，又是毕业生们的论文季；每年这个时候如何搞定论文是个大问题，如何搞定论文摘要的翻译又是个大问题；找翻译公司还是托请英语专业的同学？正所谓“求人不求己”，论文摘要翻译其实有一套颇为简单的路数，只要手里的工具用得好，谁都能变成高手！-----------------------题记笔者上大学的时候曾经帮不少同学翻译过论文摘要，也因此总结了一套简单的路数，今天就写下来，以飨网友！准备工作：在正式开始进行论文摘要翻译之前，请务必保证电脑联网，并在浏览器中打开以下网站：1.Google：注：建议写论文查资料多用Google。

2.Google Translate：/注：谷歌翻译是论文翻译必备，后文中将会讲解谷歌翻译的用途3.一本词典：/注：笔者曾经使用CNKI助手，但是貌似这个工具已经不更新了，“一本词典”（）算得上是在线词典类网站新秀，内容不断更新，而且界面干净简洁，不过最重要的一点是该网站的定位是“技术、科学、专利、论文专业术语翻译及例句查询”，宣称能“在海量科技材料、专利信息、学术论文数据中查到所需的翻译”。

4.句酷：/注：笔者使用句酷多年，现在基本上是把一本词典和句酷同时打开，将两者的语料库合并起来用，感觉很不错。

开始翻译：由于笔者不便将他人的论文摘要公布在网上，所以从网络上寻找了一篇问答网站上的论文摘要内容。

笔者搜索“论文摘要翻译”后在“新浪爱问”上看到这样一条问题：求论文摘要人工翻译，不要机器或者谷歌翻译的，请帮帮忙，谢谢。

问题下附有三大段摘要内容，由于篇幅有限，笔者就不将摘要内容全文贴过来，网友们可自行前往后附网站地址中查看：/b/19630911.html例1：原文：“随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步，具有高技能的技术型人才的需求量越来越大，高技能技术型人才已然成了稀缺资源。

”译法：这是该篇论文摘要的第一句，没有什么术语，所以使用句酷比较好。

论文英文摘要翻译

论文英文摘要翻译AbstractThe rapid development of technology has greatly affected various industries, including the education sector. E-learning, as a form of remote education, has gained popularity in recent years. This paper aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation.To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted to identify the relevant research on e-learning and its effects. The findings show that e-learning has positive effects on students' learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge acquisition and self-directed learning skills. E-learning provides a flexible learning environment, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere. This convenience enhances students' motivation and engagement in learning activities.However, the effectiveness of e-learning depends on various factors. The quality of the e-learning platform and instructional design plays a crucial role in engaging students and promoting effective learning. In addition, the role of teachers in facilitating e-learning is also important. Teachers' guidance and support are essential in helping students navigate the online learning platform and clarify any doubts.Moreover, the digital divide is a significant challenge in implementing e-learning. Not all students have access to reliable internet connection and necessary technological devices. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge the digital divide to ensure equalopportunities in e-learning.Furthermore, challenges such as limited social interaction and a lack of personalized feedback in e-learning need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to incorporate interactive features and provide timely feedback to promote effective learning and address students' individual needs.In conclusion, e-learning has the potential to positively impact students' learning outcomes and motivation. However, it is crucial to address challenges related to technological infrastructure, instructional design, and teacher support to maximize the benefits of e-learning. Future research should focus on exploring effective strategies for integrating e-learning into traditional educational settings to create a blended learning approach.Keywords: e-learning, learning outcomes, motivation, instructional design, teacher support。

毕业论文摘要翻译

毕业论文摘要翻译关于《毕业论文摘要翻译》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。

摘要自从1789 年法国将言论自由作为一项基本权利写进《人权与公民权宣言》以来，言论自由权利获得了全世界的认可，先后被各个国家写进自己的宪法，被认定为是公民的一项最基本的自由，具有极其重要的社会价值。

一个国家公民是否具有言论自由权已经成为评判一个国家是否民主的重要标准。

特别是到了现在的自媒体时代，人人都是记者，人人都是发言人，人们的言论自由得到了更多的表达途径，也理应受到更多的言论自由保护措施。

本文将以杭州中泰九峰垃圾焚烧场群体性事件为主导案例，结合我国目前的言论自由现状，对比美国、德国的言论自由的保护措施，找出我国目前在言论自由方面所做的不足，并提出相对应的完善言论自由保护的意见与建议。

这对于提高我国公民言论自由权保护水平，完善我国公民基本权利制度具有积极意义。

本文共分为四个部分：第一部分，言论自由权概述。

对言论自由权的含义、范围进行一定的界定。

并对自媒体时代言论自由的特点与特征进行分析。

第二部分，国外公民言论自由保护的研究。

本部分将主要研究美国、德国等几个的国家的言论自由保护措施，吸取教训，总结经验。

第三部分，结合案例分析我国言论自由保护的不足。

本部分将以“杭州中泰九峰垃圾焚烧事件”为主导案例来分析现阶段我国的言论自由现状，并分析言论自由保护中存在的不足。

第四部分，加强言论自由保护的意见与建议。

本部分将以前述部分为依据，针对查找到的问题，结合我国的实际情况，提出完善我国言论自由权保护的意见与建议。

AbstractIn 1789, the freedom of speech was written into the Declaration of human andcivil rights as a fundamental right in France.since then, the right to freedom of speechgained have get worldwide recognization,was written into their constitutions by manycountries. It was identified as one of the most fundamental freedoms of citizens, hasan extremely important social value. The freedom of speech has become an importantcriterion for judging whether a country is democratic or not. In the time ofw-media,everyone can be a reporter, everyone can be a spokeman, the right to freedom ofspeech became more and more import,and it decive more protect.This article will introduce the events of zhongtai jiufeng, based on the presentstatus of freedom, compared to the freedom of speech in Amercia and Germany. Tofind out the infufficient in our country, and give out the opinions and suggestions topertect the freedom of speech. It has great meaning for the improvement of thefreedom of speech.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part: The right to freedom. We will outlines the Meaning, scope of theright to freedom of speech. Analysis the traits and characteristics of the freedom ofspeech.The second part: analysis of the protect in forgien countries.This section mainlydiscusses the measures to protect the freedom of speech in Amercia and Germany,learn, summing up their experience.The third part: analysis of free speech protection in China. This section will treatthe zhongtai jiufeng event as the main case, analyze the status of freedom of speech inour country, to find out the deficiencies in the protect.The fourth Part, opinions and suggestions to protect the freedom of speech.Based on the parts indicated in the previous section, according to the problemsidentified, combined with China's actual situation, give out several opinions andsuggestions to improve the protect measures of the freedom of speech.摘要弗鲁曼塔里伊（frumentarii）是罗马帝国元首制时期由皇帝直接领导具有通信、情报和监督职能的人员。

论文摘要的翻译

计算机信息系统在预防药物性不良反应中的作用 Preventing Adverse Drug Events (ADEs): The Role of Computer Information System
中国学生贷款补贴的资助功能与绩效评价 An Evaluation of the Performance of Government-Subsidized Student Loan in China
汉语标题中常用的"试论……","浅谈……", "…… 的管窥","……的研究","……的探讨","……刍议",如何翻译?
汉语标题中常用的"试论……","浅谈……", "…… 的管窥","……的研究","……的探讨","……刍议",如何翻译?
在中国的常见期刊中,一般翻译成 "A Study of/on…" (of和on可互换,意义相同), "A Report of/on…", "The Survey of/on…", "The Observation on/of…", "The Research on…"
Questions and answers
A good abstract will not leave an impression of being vague or general, but it must also not be overly detailed. You may decide to devote one or two sentences at the beginning to background: just enough so that the reader will find the questions around which the work centers to be both intelligible and worth asking. The primary objective, however, is to sketch out what you personally have done to clarify the problem of interest, what new things you discovered along the way, and what answers you are now in a position to supply to the original questions.

英文医学论文摘要翻译练习

摘要翻译练习1. 中药灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Xixin injection for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials目的评价中药灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的有效性和安全性。

方法在6个电子数据库中，使用计算机检索有关灯盏细辛注射用于急性缺血性脑卒中的随机对照试验，使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估随机对照试验的方法学质量。

使用RevMan 5.3进行数据合成，并给出平均差异或相对风险及其95％置信区间。

使用GRADEpro（版本3.6）生成研究发现结果的总结表。

结果共纳入25项随机对照临床试验，含有2498名参与者，所有试验均采用在双臂的常规治疗。

大多数研究具有较高的偏倚风险。

在治疗期间（14-35天），常规治疗合并灯盏细辛注射液没有明显改善死亡率（RR : 0.27，95％CI: 0.05至1.63），但是可以提高Barthel指数评分（MD: 10.20, 95％CI: 8.16至12.25），降低神经功能缺损评分（（MD: -3.99，95％CI：-5.68 至-2.30），根据NFDS方法; （MD: -1.67，95％CI：-2.59至-0.76），根据NIHSS方法），治疗失败率较低（RR: 0.40, 95％CI: 0.31至0.52）。

13项试验（52％）报告了不良事件的结果，但未报告严重不良事件。

结论低质量证据表明灯盏细辛注射夜似乎可改善急性缺血性卒中患者的神经功能。

但是，需要大规模和严格的临床试验来进一步研究这种可能的益处。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Xixin (Erigeron breviscapus) injection for acute ischemic stroke.Methods Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of Dengzhan Xixin (DZXX) injection for acute ischemic stroke. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Data synthesis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and was presented with mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). A summary of finding table was generated by GRADEpro (version 3.6).Results Twenty-five RCTs with 2498 participants were included and all trials adopted conventional therapy (CT) in both arms. Most of the studies had high risk of bias.The addition of DZXX to CT showed no significant benefit on death (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.05–1.63) within the treatment period (14–35 d), but showed higher Barthel index score (MD 10.20, 95% CI 8.16–12.25), lower neurological function deficit score (MD −3.99, 95% CI −5.68 to −2.30, by NFDS; MD −1.67, 95% CI −2.59 to −0.76, by NIHSS), and lower treatment failure (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.31–0.52). Thirteen trials (52%) reported the outcome of adverse events, but no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion Low quality evidence implied that DZXX injection appeared to improve neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, this potential benefit should be further studied in large, rigorous trials.2. 目的运用Meta分析法评价中医药降低早期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白水平的疗效。

论文摘要翻译

Abstract—The environmental prevalence of engineered nanomaterials, particularly nanoparticulate silver (AgNP), is expected to increase substantially. The ubiquitous use of commercial products containing AgNP may result in their release to the environment, and the potential for ecological effects is unknown. Detecting engineered nanomaterials is one of the greatest challenges in quantifying their risks. Thus, it is imperative to develop techniques capable of measuring and characterizing exposures, while dealing with the innate difﬁculties of nanomaterial detection in environmental samples, such as low-engineered nanomaterial concentrations, aggregation, and complex matrices. Here the authors demonstrate the use of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, operated in a single-particle counting mode (SP-ICP-MS), to detect and quantify AgNP. In the present study, two AgNP products were measured by SP-ICP-MS, including one of precisely manufactured size and shape, as well as a commercial AgNP-containing health food product. Serialdilutions, ﬁltration, and acidiﬁcation were applied to conﬁrm that the method detected particles. Differentiation of dissolved and particulate silver (Ag) is a feature of the technique. Analysis of two wastewater samples demonstrated the applicability of SP-ICP-MS at nanograms per liter Ag concentrations. In this pilot study, AgNP was found at 100 to 200 ng/L in the presence of 50 to 500 ng/L dissolved Ag. The method provides the analytical capability to monitor Ag and other metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in fate, transport, stability, and toxicity studies using a commonly available laboratory instrument. Rapid throughput and element speciﬁcity are additional beneﬁts of SP-ICP-MS as a measurement tool for metal and metal oxide engineered nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:115–121.翻译环境中工程纳米材料的含量，尤其是纳米银，看起来正在增长。

4 学术论文摘要的模板和翻译

Abstract Sample Study
---Stylistic Features of Webchat English
• With the development of computers and the internet, webchat has become more and more popular. This particular communicative form generates some unique linguistic features which can hardly be found in other variants of English. Yet, to analyze its linguistic features from the point of view of stylistics is still a new realm. Adopting the theories of modern stylistics, this paper analyzes the English used in webchat from four levels: graphology, lexicon, syntax/grammar and context. (74 words)
摘要的理解
• 摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
• 摘要的基本要素：研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
Abstract or Summary?
• Abstract: placed before the text part (usual way)
2. Describing methodology: In this move the author gives a good indication of the experimental design, including information on the data, procedures or methods used and, if necessary, the scope of the research reported.

论文摘要翻译修改版

论文摘要翻译修改版摘要AbstractObjectives We selected medical institutions at all ecnomic levels, such as occupational disease prevention and treatment agencies, hospital,chemical poisoning treatment institution in Shandong Province as the object of research by completing the " Survey of Poisoning Emergency Ability Questionnaire in Medical Institutions of Shandong " and "Poisoning Staff Questionnaire". To investigate the emergent poisoning medical institutions involved the poisoning emergency situation, including the construction of poisoning control professional teams,detoxification drug reserves, reserves and the use of poison detection equipment, personal protection, training exercises and other aspects of poisoning cases. By searching literature, we can understand the national, provincial legislation and management on poisons control, develop the strategies for poison control in Shandong Province, and provide the reference for developing the treatment of acute poisoning prevention measures.目的本研究选取山东省各级综合性医疗机构、职业病防治机构、化学中毒救治机构作为研究对象，应用《山东省医疗机构突发中毒事件应急能力调查问卷》和《中毒救治人员调查表》，进行问卷调查，了解参与中毒救治医疗机构的突发中毒急救现状，包括中毒控制专业队伍建没（the construction of professional poisoning control teams）、解毒药物储备、毒物检测设备储备及使用、个体防护、中毒的培训演练（rehearsals等方面情况；通过文献检索（the documents），掌握国家、省关于毒物立法、管理情况（we can understand the legislation and management in poisons control of our nation and each province，and）；制定山东省急性中毒控制策略和中毒中心建设规划（form the outlines）方案，为山东省制定急性中毒治疗预防措施提供（offer some references for what measures should be taken in the treatment of acute poisoning prevention ）参考依据。

论文摘要翻译时态

论文摘要翻译时态论文摘要翻译时态论文摘要翻译的语法时态英文摘要的时态：英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳。

1、一般现在时：用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等;涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。

2、一般过去时：用于叙述过去某一时刻的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程)。

用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理，只是当时情况;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。

3、现在完成时和过去完成时：完成时少用。

现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来，而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。

英文摘要的语态：采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。

一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。

1、主动语态：摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态，有助于文字简洁、表达有力。

2、被动语态：以前强调多用被动语态，理由是科技论文主要是说明事实经过，至于那件事是谁做的，无须一一证明。

为强调动作承受者，采用被动语态为好;被动者无关紧要，也必须用强调的.事物做主语。

3、英文摘要的人称：原来摘要的首句多用第三人称This paper…等开头，现在倾向于采用更简洁的被动语态或原形动词开头。

例如：To describe…，To study…，To investig ate…， To assess…，To determine…，行文时最好不用第一人称。

注意事项1、冠词：主要是定冠词the易被漏用。

the用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以及的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。

这里有个原则，即当我们用the时，听者或读者已经明确我们所指的是什么。

2、数词：避免用阿拉伯数字作首词。

3、单复数：一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。

论文摘要翻译

Humans cannot create opportunities, but they can seize those opportunities that have already appeared.勤学乐施积极进取（页眉可删）论文摘要翻译摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等.而重点是结果和结论，文摘要一般不宜超过300字，外文摘要不宜超过250个实词，来看下面的：论文摘要翻译【1】1. 什么是英文摘要?ABSTRACT，是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心内容表述出来。

删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词!删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”!只留下普通、平实的内容。

2. 怎样写英文摘要?可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要，如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。

概述(30词左右)：用最简洁的`语言概括论文内容。

例如：This paper is…或 This study focuses on…目的(30词左右)：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。

方法(50词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。

常用的词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。

结果(50词左右)：直入主题地摆出结果，如 This paper shows…或 The results are…结论(60词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…”的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。

展望(20词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of great significance in…或指出不足。

3. 英文摘要有多长?一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。

论文摘要翻译

论文摘要翻译篇一：五篇论文摘要翻译一电子负载由于其诸多优点，现已替代传统负载广泛应用于电源类产品测试环节。

从程控直流电子负载的整体设计方案入手，采用STM32F103VCT6作为中央控制器，运用多通道AD技术对多路并联的MOSFET上的电压及各支路电流进行实时监测，控制工作在线性状态的MOSFET上的电流，以实现电子负载的恒流、恒压、恒功率和恒电阻4个功能。

详细研究了MOSFET寄生电容引起的自激振荡及消除方法以及PI调节器、滤波器的设计，提出了一种提高多路MOSFET并联的电子负载的稳定性的方法。

针对所提出的电子负载设计方案制作了实验样机，并对其进行了测试、分析和再优化。

Electronic load due to its many advantages, it has been replacing traditional load test is widely used in power supply products. From the overall design scheme of program-controlled dc electronic load, using STM32F103VCT6 as central controller, using multi-channel AD technology of multichannel parallel voltage of MOSFET and each branch circuit for real-time monitoring, control on the linear state of the MOSFET current work, in order to realize the electronic load constant current, constant voltage, constant power and constant resistance four functions. Detailed study of the self-excited oscillation caused by MOSFET parasitic capacitance and eliminating method and the design of PI regulator, filter, this paper proposes a improved multiplex MOSFET parallel method of the stability of the electronic load. In view of the proposed design of the electronic load produced a prototype, and carries on the test, analysis and optimize.二作者主要针对中学物理实验教学的改革和创新提1/ 1。

论文英文摘要范文

论文英文摘要范文英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work. the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.The old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans” is not sufficient for bridging the communication gap and cultural differences between China and the western countries.What is considered "mannerly" is highly susceptible to change with time, geographical location, social stratum, occasion, and other factors. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture; communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differents, histirical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in today's communication.done. run your spell check please. I didn't pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Abstract: Xiao Hong, the half a century ago to "the other side singing of Cheonggye, green leaves here," [1] spring chant verses, the writer lamented the fate of the Forum from the path that day on, on to love feelings of concern and compassion with the vision of the land north-east of the survival of large numbers of people, and her own unique spiritual and delicate brush strokes to capture the land of the north-east all kinds of people, exposing them to the original backward, ignorant, but also to tell people awakening: "living to die than to be meaningful for the Death of the more" philosophy of survival. This article from the awareness of their homes, customs, life forms on three aspects of cultural style of Xiao Hong Northeast Fiction impact, and further reveals the Xiao Hong from two poles of life and death, the tragedy of everyday life the meaning of life as well as in the mining this process the meaning of life and the pursuit of human values and interpretation.Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文 1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在无拘无束地游览；湛蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在力争上游地开放……整个世界，显得那么生气盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻快岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着很多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而欢乐的心，生命是能够每日欢乐弥漫的幸福。

代表性论文摘要中文翻译

代表性论文摘要中文翻译1.Mingying Yang#*, Guanshan Zhou#, Yajun Shuai, Jie Wang, Liangjun Zhu andChunbin Mao*.Ca2+-induced self-assembly of Bombyx mori silk sericin into a nanofibrous network-like protein matrix for directing controlled nucleation of hydroxylapatite nano-needles. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015, 3, 2455-2462. IF 4.72摘要翻译：骨生物矿化是有规则的蛋白调节过程，在这个过程中羟基磷灰石HAP优先与自组装的蛋白矩阵定向成核。

模仿该过程制备骨状蛋白/矿化物的纳米复合材料，成为一种解决骨修复和再生的有效方法。

因此，候选人及团队利用丝胶与骨矿化物羟基磷灰石HAP来构建纳米复合物，首次阐明家蚕丝胶构象改变/自组装对羟基磷灰石HAP协同作用的化学机理：丝胶含有丰富的阴离子氨基酸残基，通过静电引力结合HAP前驱溶液中的Ca2+离子，结合后的Ca2+促使丝胶的结构从random coils转变为β-sheets，并自组装成相纳米纤维网状结构蛋白，引起HAP晶体的成核和生长，使羟基磷灰石HAP晶体沿其C-轴纵向生长成纳米针状羟基磷灰石HAP，与此同时，纳米针状羟基磷灰石HAP通过丝胶的C=O基团与HAP的O-H间的氢键作用聚集成球状。

本研究揭示了丝胶自组装及其定向调控生物矿化的化学机理，该纳米复合物能诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨的定向分化，因此，本研究的骨状丝蛋白/矿化物的纳米复合物支架在骨修复和再生领域具有潜在应用。

2.Mingying Yang#*, Guanshan Zhou#, Harold Castano-lzquierdo, Ye Zhu andChuanbin Mao*, Biomineralization of natural collagenous nanofibrous membranes and their potential use in bone tissue engineering, Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 2015, 11 (3): 447-456.IF 5.338摘要翻译：脱细胞组织的小肠粘膜下层（SIS，small intestinal submucosa）是一种自然的纳米纤维生物材料，因其主要组成为Ⅰ型胶原纤维与组织工程所需要的生长因子（成纤维细胞生长因子2和转换生长因子β）。