2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试
(20)2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷 英语试卷
B. Where to meet.
C. When to leave.
A. To keep the birds there for a whole year. B. To help students study the birds well. C. To prevent the birds
4. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. It’s warm.
B. It’s brown.
C. It’s smooth.
3. What are the speakers talking about?
20. What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment?
A. What to drink.
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
A. It requires no training before employment.
2020 年（黑吉辽宁琼豫晋新冀蒙滇甘黔青）新课标高考考生必备高考模拟试题 汇编（英语试卷）
2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（新课标 第二十套）
A. Her wide reading.
B. Her leaders’ guidance. C. Her friends’ help.
英语试卷（选自 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷）
persons with a disability.
河北省张家口市2019届高三第一次模拟考文综历史试题word
张家口市2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试文科综合能力测试2019.3第I卷本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
24.据考证，商代青铜铭文的内容较简单，一般不含重要意义。
到了西周，青铜铭文记载着王室的政治谋划、历代君王事迹、祭典训诰、征伐方国、政治动乱、赏赐册命以及家史、婚媾等等。
据此可知，西周时期的青铜铭文A．推动了文字体系创新B．促进了宗法分封制的形成C．具有明确的书史性质D．使甲骨文失去了存在价值25.汉初“七国之乱”后景帝对诸侯王国进行了调整，如对参加叛乱的吴楚等七国进行处置，继续大力推行削藩，令“诸侯不得复治国”，废除诸侯王国的经济特权等。
这些做法A.使王国失去了割据的物质基础B．调整了中央和地方的行政体制C．使诸侯国与朝廷的矛盾尖锐化D．有利于“大一统”局面的重建26.据历史记载，唐初令文中多次重申“士”“农”“工”“商”四民分业的规定，但中唐到宋代，职业的等级差别在缩小或消弭，四民之间的流动性日益增强。
促成这一变化的主要因素是A.抑商政策的松动B．生产方式的革新C．田庄经济的兴起D．社会经济的转型27.“良知”之说源于《孟子》，指“不虑而知”的天赋道德观念，王阳明把“良知”二字看得很高，将“良知”说成儒家文明最精华、最具永恒性的观念，能让人超脱患难生死，在此基础上，王阳明逐渐形成“致良知”的主张。
由此可见，王阳明的“致良知”说A.推动了儒学思想世俗化B．尊崇了儒学的传统风尚C．显著提升了“四书”地位D．背离了理学的基本思想28. 1884年点石斋出版的石印本《申江胜景图》，将《吴淞火轮车》（如图6所示）作为新上海的一大胜景，并认为“维车之利，无间华夷，使人使马各有所宜。
自通泰西，独出其奇，以电运轮，其捷难羁”。
这反映出当时A.经济结构渐趋优化B．民众的出行方式发生巨变C．上海成为经济中心D．中西方文明的碰撞与交流29. 1906年，中国第一个省级公共图书馆——湖南图书馆建立，1909年，国立京师图书馆开始筹建，其余各省图书馆也加紧筹建。
2019届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题答案
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语参考答案第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力答案：1--5 BACBA6--7 CA 8--9 BA 10--12 CBC 13--16 BCBA 17--20 ACBA听力材料：Text 1W:What’s the weather forecast for the weekend?M:It’s going to be cold tonight and freezing on Saturday.W:What about on Sunday?M:It’s getting worse; it’s going to be windy and maybe even snowy.材料来源：http://wwwText 2M: Hey ,Mei Hong! How are you getting to Xi’an next week?W: I’m not sure yet. I may take the train but then again I might take the bus.M:Yeah, but the bus takes a long time. You could fly --- it’s not so expensive these days.材料来源：http://www.tmlText 3W:How was your morning jog?M:Very good. I feel quite refreshed now! You should come with me sometime---exercise is good for you!W:To be honest, I’d rather watch television! Where did you go?M:I just ran alongside the main road.材料来源：http://www.tmlText 4M: what kind of person do you consider yourself to be?W: I think I’m polite, careful, relaxed and shy.M: oh, I don’t think you’re shy! You are always chatting with new people when we go to a party. http://www.eText 5W：Can I help you？M：Yes，I’d like to know if you have got any story books in English？W：Of course，we have. which one do you want to borrow？M：“A garden party”.材料来源：http://www.ehtmltext 6W: Hi, Geoff. What do you do in your free time?M: I like to play piano, go bowling, and chat online with my friends. And you?W: I like to hang out with friends, play games, and go swimming.M: Would you like to go out sometime?W: Sure, that’d be great. Where would you like to go?M: Anywhere with you!材料来源：Text 7M: May I ask you how much is the tour fee?W: It is two thousand two hundred Yuan per capita.M: What about children?W: The fee for children is one thousand one hundred, namely it is half-price for children.M: Can you give me a discount?W: I'm afraid it is busy season. How many people do you have?M: Four adults and one child.W: OK, we can give you ten percent of the price off.材料来源：http://www.mlText 8M:Where are you going this weekend?W:I’m going to Hainan.M:Oh really? It’ll be nice and warm there. Are you traveling alone?W: No, I will go there with my parents. We haven’t been together for years.M: Have you been there before?W:Yes, actually it’s my second visit. I was there alone on business last October.M:I see. What’s it like there?W:Well, the lifestyle is much more relaxed than here in the city. And the seafood is tastier!M:Well, have a great time!材料来源：http://www.-1.htmlText 9M: Hello, Gabrielle!W: Hello!M: How are you doing today?W: Good thanks.M: Now, Grabrielle, I hear that you are going back home to New ZealandW: That's right. I'm going home for summer vacation.M: OK. What are your plans?W: Probably a week relaxing ,going camping in North Island ,visiting some of my friends and then I'm going back to work.M: Oh, OK. Where do you work?W: I teach as an English teacher in Christchurch, in New Zealand.M: Oh, OK. And that's where you're from, naturally.W: That's right. I spent my childhood there and there are happy memories I can’t forget.M: Were you born there?W: I was, yeah!材料来源：http:lLuckily, you can do a few things to make homework less work.First, be sure you understand the assignment. Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to, and don't be afraid to ask questions about what's expected. It's much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night! If you want, you can also ask how long the particular homework assignment should take to complete so you can budget your time.Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework. Many schools have study halls that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done. The more work you can get done in school, the less you'll have to do that night.Third, pace yourself. If you don't finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. It's a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule, especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have an after-school job.材料来源：第二部分阅读理解【文章大意】本文是一篇广告类说明文。
2019年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单招考试数学模拟试卷04
2019年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试数学模拟试卷（四）注意事项：1．本试题卷包括选择题、填空题和解答题三部分共19小题，共150分； 2．本卷考试时间：120分钟3．用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试题卷中，答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚．一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题6分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1. 如果集合{}1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8U =，{}1,35,8A =，，{}2,4,8B =，那么(A U)B 等（ ）A. {}1,23,4,5,8，B. {}24，C. {}8,2D. {}2,4,7 2. 已知(1,2),(1,)a b x =-=，若a b ⊥，则x 等于（ ） A.21 B. 21- C. 2 D. －2 3. 把函数y=x 2-1的图像按向量a =（2，3）平移，得到y=f （x ）的图像，则f （x ） = （ ）A. （x －2）2-4B. （x ＋2）2-4C. （x －2）2＋2D. （x ＋2）2＋2 4. 已知函数)1(156≠∈-+=x R x x x y ，那么它的反函数为 ( ) A. ()1156≠∈-+=x R x x x y 且 B. ()665≠∈-+=x R x x x y 且 C. ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-≠∈+-=65561x R x x x y 且 D. ()556-≠∈+-=x R x x x y 且 5. 不等式024<--x x •的解集是 （ ） A. {x|0<x<1} B. {x|2<x<4} C. {x|x<2或x>4} D. {x|-∞<x<0} 6. 已知点(1,cos )θ到直线sin cos 1x y θθ+=(0)2πθ<≤的距离为14，则θ等于 ( )A.6πB.4πC.3πD.2π7. 设f （x ）是定义在(,)-∞+∞内的奇函数，且是减函数。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(山东卷)基本能力测试共12页word资料
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（山东卷）基本能力测试本试卷分第I 卷和第II 卷两部分，共？页，满分100分。
考试用时120分钟。
答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置。
第I 卷（共30分）注意事项：1. 第I 卷共30小题，全部为单项选择题，每小题1分，共30分。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不涂在答题卡上，只答在试卷上不得分。
一、天之高远，托起翱翔的翅膀，放飞求知的梦想。
1．仰观苍天，平视万物，俯察大地，都会令我们思绪万千。
下列说法错误的是A ．气象谚语有“露重见晴天”的说法，这是因为大气逆辐射弱，地表降温快B ．人们经常说“大树底下好乘凉”，蒸腾作用是形成这种情况原因之一C ．“横看成岭侧成峰”告诉我们所处的位置不同，对客观事物的认识就会有所不同D ．庄子所说的“天地与我共生，万物与我为一”体现了人类中心论思想2.一天之中，阳光随时间推移不仅有亮度的变化，色彩也随之变化。
一般规律是 ①早晨光线有红色的倾向 ②中午光线最强，色彩感觉最弱③夕阳光线最冷 ④夜晚色调最暖A.②③B. ②④C.①③D.①②3.《阳关三叠》是古代歌曲的代表作品，歌词是选用著名诗人王维的作品《送元二使安西》，请选出正确的适合歌词“渭城朝雨浥轻尘”的节奏是 A. xx xx ︱ x x ︱ x － ‖B ． xxx xx ︱ xxx xx ︱ xxx xx ︱ xx x0 ‖ C. x ．x x – ︱x ．x x –‖ D. xxxx x ︱xxxx x ︱x –‖4．随着科技进步，太空技术的迅速发展，太空垃圾也越来越多。
目前，一种用于催毁太空垃圾的激光武器正在研制中。
如图所示，某空间站看上去位于地平线上方，由于光在空气中发生了折射，所以空间站的实际位置应在图中的下方，现准备用一束激光射向该空间站，则应把激光器A ．沿视线对着空间站瞄高一些B ．沿视线对着空间站瞄低一些C ．沿视线对准空间站直接瞄准D ．条件不足，无法判别5．历史上许多文人墨客对月亮情有独钟，创作了大量富有想象的诗歌。
2019高考数学【全国I】卷试卷解析(2)
D. A=1+ 1 2A
此时，不满足条件 k 2 ，退出循环，输出 A 的值为 1 ， 2+ 1 2+ 1 2
观察 A 的取值规律可知图中空白框中应填入 A = 1 ． 2+ A
9．记 Sn 为等差数列{an}的前 n 项和．已知 S4 = 0，a5 = 5，则（ ）
A. an = 2n - 5
【答案】A
分， 2R = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 ，即 R = 6 , \V = 4 pR3 = 4 p ´ 6 6 = 6p ，故选 D．
2
3
38
二、填空题： 本题共 4 小题，每小题 5 分，共 20 分。
13．曲线 y = 3(x2 + x)ex在点 (0, 0)处的切线方程为
.
【答案】 3x - y = 0
B. an = 3n -10
C. Sn = 2n2 - 8n
D.
Sn
=
1 2
n2
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
-
2n
【考点】等差数列通项公式及其前 n 项和基本公式
【解析】
⎧ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎩
S4
= 4a1 +
a5 = a1
d 2
+
´4´3 =
4d = 5
0
，解得% a1
d
= -3
，∴
=2
an
=
2n
- 5 ,故选
A．
10．已知椭圆 C 的焦点为 F1( -1, 0),F2(1, 0)，过 F2 的直线与 C 交于 A，B 两点．若
由椭圆的定义有 2a = BF1 + BF2 = 4n ,\ AF1 = 2a - AF2 = 2n ．
2019年全国高考I卷理综(化学)试题及答案
（5）⑤的反应类型是__________。
（6）写出F到G的反应方程式__________。
（7）设计由甲苯和乙酰乙酸乙酯(CH3COCH2COOC2H5)制备 的合成路线__________(无机试剂任选)。
化学部分解析
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127
D项、2-苯基丙烯为烃类，分子中不含羟基、羧基等亲水基团，，难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，则2-苯基丙烯难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂甲苯，故D错误。
故选B。
【点睛】本题考查有机物的结构与性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意把握有机物的结构，掌握各类反应的特点，并会根据物质分子结构特点进行判断是解答关键。
3.实验室制备溴苯的反应装置如下图所示，关于实验操作或பைடு நூலகம்述错误的是
回答下列问题：
（1）在95℃“溶侵”硼镁矿粉，产生的气体在“吸收”中反应的化学方程式为_________。
（2）“滤渣1”的主要成分有_________。为检验“过滤1”后的滤液中是否含有Fe3+离子，可选用的化学试剂是_________。
（3）根据H3BO3的解离反应：H3BO3+H2O H++B(OH)−4，Ka=5.81×10−10，可判断H3BO3是_______酸；在“过滤2”前，将溶液pH调节至3.5，目的是_______________。
故选A。
【点睛】本题考查物质 性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意化学与生活的联系，把握物质性质、反应与用途为解答的关键。
2.关于化合物2−苯基丙烯（ ），下列说法正确的是
山西省2019年高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试化学模拟试卷(四)
山西省2019年高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试化学模拟试卷(四)可能用到的相对原子质量:O—16S—32Fe—56Cu—64第Ⅰ卷选择题(共20分)一、选择题(本大题共10个小题,每小题2分,共20分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)1.为了建设美丽中国,美丽山西,山西省各个部门积极采取措施。
下列做法正确的是()A.大力发展火力发电B.焚烧塑料垃圾C.推广使用公共自行车D.使用一次性木筷2.下列说法或做法不合理的是()A.棉花属于有机合成材料B.油库、面粉加工厂、纺织厂等场所要严禁烟火C.石油是由多种有机物组成的复杂的混合物D.用环保布袋代替塑料袋可以减少“白色污染”3.山西是面食之乡,面食种类繁多,打卤面就是其中之一,下列制作打卤面所用到的主要食材中富含糖类的()A.鸡蛋B.干黄花菜C.小麦面粉D.猪肉4.下列实验操作正确的是()5.硝酸铜受热分解会产生一种污染空气的有毒气体,该气体可能是()A.N2B.NO2C.NH3D.SO26.联合国发布报告:到2030年,全球将有40%的国家和地区面临干旱问题。
节约用水和合理开发利用水资源是每个公民应尽的责任和义务。
下列关于水的认识正确的是()A.过量使用农药、化肥不会造成水体污染B.过滤能除去天然水中所有的杂质C.澄清的矿泉水是纯水D.生活中可通过煮沸的方法来降低水的硬度7.发芽的土豆中含有一种对人体有害的生物碱称龙葵碱,它对人体胃肠黏膜有刺激作用,并有溶血及麻痹呼吸中枢的作用。
发芽土豆的芽眼芽根和变绿的部位含量更高,人吃了会有咽喉痒、恶心、呕吐、腹痛等症状,重者会死亡。
龙葵碱的化学式为C45H73O15N,下列有关龙葵碱的说法正确的是()A.龙葵碱的相对原子质量为867 gB.龙葵碱中碳元素的质量分数最大C.龙葵碱中碳元素与氧元素的质量比为3∶1D.龙葵碱是由45个碳原子、73个氢原子、15个氧原子和1个氮原子构成的8.将铁粉放入硫酸锌和硫酸铜的混合溶液中,充分反应后过滤,滤液中一定有的阳离子是()A.Fe2+B.Fe2+、Zn2+C.Fe2+、Cu2+D.Fe2+、Zn2+、Cu2+9.除去下列物质中的杂质,所选用的试剂和操作方法都正确的是()10.下列图像能正确反应对应变化关系的是()A.加水稀释一定量浓盐酸B.实验室加热氯酸钾制取氧气C.向一定量水中加入硫酸铜固体D.向一定量氢氧化钠溶液中加入稀硫酸第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共50分)二、生活、生产应用题(本大题共5个小题。
2019高考全国Ⅰ卷化学试题解析版
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）化学试题一、选择题：本题共7个小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
7．陶瓷是火与土的结晶，是中华文明的象征之一，其形成、性质与化学有着密切的关系，下列说法错误的是A．“雨过天晴云破处”所描述的瓷器青色，来自氧化铁B．闻名世界的秦兵马俑是陶制品，由粘土经高温烧结而成C．陶瓷是应用较早的人造材料，主要化学成分是硅酸盐D．陶瓷化学性质稳定，具有耐酸碱侵蚀，抗氧化等优点【答案】A【解析】A 项氧化铁即三氧化二铁，红棕色。
瓷器青色一般不来自氧化铁。
故A错。
8．关于化合物2-苯基丙烯（），下列说法正确的是A．不能使稀高锰酸钾溶液褪色B．可以发生加成聚合反应C．分子中所有原子共平面D．易溶于水及甲苯【答案】B【解析】分子中存在双键，可以使高锰酸钾溶液褪色，A错；可以发生加成聚合反应，B正确；分子中存在甲基，所有原子不可能共平面，C错；分子中碳原子数较多，且不存在亲水基团所以不易溶于水，D错。
9．实验室制溴苯的装置如下图所示，关于实验操作或叙述错误的是A．向圆底烧瓶中滴加苯和溴的混合液前需打开KB．实验中装置b中的液体逐渐变为浅红色C．装置c中Na2CO3的作用是吸收HBrD．反应后的混合液经稀碱溶液洗涤、结晶，得到溴苯。
【答案】D。
【解析】溴苯常温下为液体，反应后的混合液经稀碱溶液洗涤、分液，得到无色的溴苯。
10．固体界面上强酸的吸附和离解是多向化学在环境、催化、材料科学等领域研究的重要课题。
下图为为少量HCl气体分子在253K冰表面吸附和溶解过程的示意图，下列叙述错误的是A．冰表面第一层中，HCl以分子形式存在B．冰表面第二层中，H+浓度为5×10－3mol·L－1（设冰的密度为0.9g·cm－3）C．冰表面第三层中冰的氢键网格结构保持不变D．冰表面各层之间，均存在可逆反应HCl H++Cl－【答案】D。
2019年全国高考一卷理综试题及答案全国卷
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效。
4. 考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共126分）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 下列与细胞相关的叙述，正确的是A. 核糖体、溶酶体都是具有膜结构的细胞器B. 酵母菌的细胞核内含有DNA和RNA两类核酸C. 蓝藻细胞的能量来源于其线粒体有氧呼吸过程D. 在叶绿体中可进行CO2的固定但不能合成ATP2. 离子泵是一张具有ATP水解酶活性的载体蛋白，能利用水解ATP释放的能量跨膜运输离子。
下列叙述正确的是A. 离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输属于协助扩散B. 离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输是顺着浓度阶梯进行的C. 动物一氧化碳中毒会降低离子泵扩膜运输离子的速率D. 加入蛋白质变性剂会提高离子泵扩膜运输离子的速率3. 若除酶外所有试剂均已预保温，则在测定酶活力的试验中，下列操作顺序合理的是A.加入酶→加入底物→加入缓冲液→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量B. 加入底物→加入酶→计时→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量C. 加入缓冲液→加入底物→加入酶→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量D. 加入底物→计时→加入酶→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量4.下列与神经细胞有关的叙述，错误．．的是A. ATP能在神经元线粒体的内膜上产生B. 神经递质在突触间隙中的移动消耗ATPC. 突触后膜上受蛋白体的合成需要消耗ATPD. 神经细胞兴奋后恢复为静息状态消耗ATP5. 在漫长的历史时期内，我们的祖先通过自身的生产和生活实践，积累了对生态方面的感性认识和经验，并形成了一些生态学思想，如：自然与人和谐统一的思想。
2019年全国统一考试化学试题(新课标Ⅰ)(详细解析版)
（2）滤渣I为不与硫酸铵溶液反应的Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2;检验Fe3+,可选用的化学试剂为KSCN；
（3）由硼酸的离解方程式知，硼酸在水溶液中是通过与水分子的配位作用产生氢离子，而三价硼原子最多只能再形成一个配位键，且硼酸不能完全解离，所以硼酸为一元弱酸；在“过滤2”前，将溶液pH调节至3.5，目的是将B(OH)−4转化为H3BO3，并促进H3BO3析出；
（2）步骤②需要加热的目的是为了加快反应速率；温度保持80~95℃，由于保持温度比较恒定且低于水的沸点，故采用的合适加热方式是水浴加热（热水浴）；铁屑中含有少量硫化物，硫化物与硫酸反应生成硫化氢气体，可以用氢氧化钠溶液吸收，为了防止倒吸可以加装倒置的漏斗，故选择C装置；
（3）步骤③中选用足量 H2O2，H2O2可以将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+，且H2O2的还原产物为H2O，不会引入新的杂质，故理由是：将Fe2+全部氧化为Fe3+，不引入新的杂质。因为H2O2本身易分解，所以在加入时需分量加入，同时为了防止Fe3+水解，溶液要保持pH小于0.5；
（一）必考题：共129分。
8.硼酸（H3BO3）是一种重要的化工原料，广泛应用于玻璃、医药、肥料等工艺。一种以硼镁矿（含Mg2B2O5·H2O、SiO2及少量Fe2O3、Al2O3）为原料生产硼酸及轻质氧化镁的工艺流程如下：
回答下列问题：
（1）在95℃“溶侵”硼镁矿粉，产生的气体在“吸收”中反应的化学方程式为_________。
A.冰表面第一层中，HCl以分子形式存在
B.冰表面第二层中，H+浓度为5×10−3mol·L−1（设冰的密度为0.9 g·cm−3）
2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(王后雄终极押题)化学押题卷共3套(有答案)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试——化学（王后雄终级押题卷1)可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 0 16 C135.5 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 I 1277.研究表明，地球上的碳循环，光合作用是必不可少的（如下图所示）。
下列叙述正确的是A.石油与煤是可再生能源B. C02是煤、石油形成淀粉、纤维素等的催化剂C.光合作用将太阳能转化为化学能D.图中所出现的物质中的淀粉与纤维素为同分异构体8.下列有关仪器使用方法或实验操作正确的是A.用胶头滴管向试管里滴加溶液，滴管都不能插人液面下B.用向上排空气法可以收集NO气体C.用pH试纸测定氯水的pHD.乙醇和乙酸乙酯可用饱和Na2C.03.液鉴别9.苯甲醇是重要的化工原料。
下列有关苯甲醇的说法错误的是A.与乙酸、浓硫酸混合加热可发生酯化反应B.能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色C.与氧气通过灼热的铜网可以生成苯甲醛D.若含有少量甲醇，则可以通过加水分液除去10.下列叙述正确的是A.28 g氮气与32 g氧气中，含有相同的质子数B.同等质量乙酸和甲醛中，电子数相同C. 1 mol —02H 与 1 mol 18〇H-，中子数比为 1:1D.1 mol环丙烷与1 mol丙烯，共价键数目不同11.用氮化镓（GaN)和铜作电极，稀硫酸溶液作电解质溶液的原电池来模拟人工光合系统，该装置可以C02和H20为原料合成CH4。
下列说法正确的是A.离子交换膜属于阴离子交换膜B.该原电池的负极有氢气生成C.铜电极表面发生的电极反应式为C02+8H++8e-=CH4+2H20D.从环保的角度考虑，该电池的电解质溶液应选用稀盐酸12.X、Y、R、Z是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素。
X与Y能生成无色无味的两种气体，R原子的周期数等于其主族序数，Z单质是一种黄绿色气体。
下列推断正确的是A.这四种原子中，Y原子的半径最大B. Y与X组成的化合物均溶于水显酸性C.电解R和Y组成的化合物能得到R单质D.四种元素形成的氢化物中，Z的氢化物最稳定13.硫酸亚铁铵[(NH4)2Fe(S04)2]，俗名为莫尔盐、摩尔盐，简称FAS，是一种蓝绿色的无机复盐。
全国100所名校最新高考模拟示范卷-2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学模拟测试文科数学(三)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学模拟测试一、选择题 1.122ii+=- （ ） A.112i +B.112i --C.112i -+D.112i -2.已知集合{}10M x x x =>≤或，{}22N y y x =+=，则M N ⋂=（ ）A.{}110x x x >-<≤或 B.{}120x x x >-<≤或 C.{}1x x <-D.{}120x x x >-≤≤或 3.八卦的形成源于《河图》《洛书》，它用代表阳，用代表阴，用这两种符号，组成八种不同形式，每一种形式都命为一卦，分别为乾、坤、震、巽、坎、离、艮、兑，比如乾卦是，坤卦是，坎卦是。
在八卦中任选一卦，则这一卦至少含有两条的概率是（ ） A.34B.12C.38D.584.已知1F 、2F 是双曲线22221x y a b-=（0a >，0b >）的两焦点，以线段12F F 为一直角边作等腰直角三角形12MF F ，若另一直角边的中点在双曲线上，则双由线的离心率是（ ）11+C.12+D.125.设x ，y 满足约束条件360200,0x y x y x y --≤⎧⎪-+≥⎨⎪≥≥⎩，则目标函数23z x y =+的最大值为（ ）A.28B.18C.26D.246.已知一个圆锥的母线长为4，且其侧面积是其轴截面面积的4倍，则该圆锥的高为（ ） A.πB.32π C.23π D.2π 7.若a 、b 、c 均为正数，且4714a b c ==，则（ ）A.1112a b c-=B.1112b c a-=C.1112c a b-=D.1112c b a-=8.已知函数()2sin y x ωϕ=+（ω+∈N ，2πϕ<）的图象经过点()0,1，且在区间()0,π恰有两个零点，则该函数图象的一条对称轴方程可能为（ ） A.3x π=B.16x π=C.2x π=-D.12x π=9.如图，这是函数()y f x =在区间,22ππ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭上的大致图象，则()f x 可能是 （ ）A.()ln sin f x x =B.()()ln cos f x x =C.()sin tan f x x =-D.()()tan cos f x x =-10.已知1247111646T =⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯，若右边的框图是计算T 的程序框图，则框图中①和②处可以分别填入（ ）A.10i ≤？，m m i =+B.10i ≤？，1m m i =++C.11i ≤？，m m i =+D.11i ≤？，1m m i =++11.在各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a 中，()()224634n n n n n a a a a a ++++++=，其前n 项和为n S ，若存在第m 项，使得34m m m S a ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，则m 等于（ ）A.4B.8C.16D.3212.下图是某多面体的三视图，图中每个小正方形的边长为1，则这个多面体的外接球的半径为（ ）A.3B.C.3D.3二、填空题13.等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，411a =，10100S =，则10a =______。
2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(王后雄终极押题)理科综合试题(押题卷1) Word版含答案
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试--生物（押题卷1)—、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列关于细胞中某些重要化合物的叙述，正确的是A.催化蛋白质分解的酶都只能在细胞内发挥作用B.蛋白质、核酸、多糖都是以a链为骨架的多聚体C.生物膜上的多糖分子具有识别、保护等重要功能D.剧烈运动时骨骼肌细胞内ATP的积累迅速增加2.下列生物学实验能达到目的的是A.利用光学显微镜观察细胞膜的磷脂双分子层B.用溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液检测人体无氧呼吸产物C.用预实验来为正式实验摸索条件D.用卡诺氏液可以使洋葱根尖的组织细胞相互分离开来3.如图是某动物睾丸内细胞进行分裂时细胞内同源染色体对数的变化曲线（假定不考虑基因突变和交叉互换的情况），下列叙述正确的是A.CD段可能正在发生非等位基因自由组合B.FG段产生的两个子细胞遗传信息一般相同C.CD段、FG段和HI段可能都含有2个染色体组D.若FG段等位基因未分离，则最终形成的子细胞均异常4.“免疫艾滋病的基因编辑婴儿”在中国诞生，此新闻一出，舆论瞬间被引爆。
下列有关基因的相关叙述，正确的是A.通过类比推理法，证实基因在染色体上呈线性排列B.等位基因A和a的根本区别在于所控制的性状不同C.种群内显性基因的频率不一定高于隐性基因的频率D.一个基因的两条DNA链可转录出两条相同的RNA5.下列关于植物激素及应用的叙述，错误的是A.利用生长素两重性，可获得无子果实B.用不同浓度的生长素溶液处理扦插枝条，生根数量和长度可能相同C.播种前用一定浓度的赤霉素溶液浸泡植物种子，以促进种子的萌发D.果实成熟过程中激素的种类和浓度不同，可能与基因选择性表达有关6.能量是生态系统的动力，下图表示某庭院生态系统能量流动示意图，a〜i表示能量值。
下列相关叙述中，正确的是A.流经该庭院生态系统的总能量是b + cB.年龄组成为稳定型的禽畜种群密度将不变C.畜禽传递给分解者的能量是i中的一部分D.通过图中数据无法得出植物的呼吸散失量29.(10分）如图所示是某植物叶肉细胞内光合作用和细胞呼吸的物质变化示意图。
人教版2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考地理模拟试题(六)(含解析)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟（六）文科综合地理试题注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案填写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题。
每小题4分，共140分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
在天气晴朗时，珠峰顶常飘着形似旗帜的乳白色烟云，这就是珠峰旗云；旗云由对流性积云形成，其水平方向飘动主要受高空西风的影响，垂直方向飘动主要受上升气流的影响。
登山运动员可根据其飘动的位置和高度，来推断峰顶风力的大小。
结合珠峰旗云成因示意图和景观图回答下列问题。
1. 关于峰顶附近空气对流运动的表述，正确的是A. 其热源为阳坡的冰雪面B. 其水汽来源为峰顶附近的碎石面C. 其对流运动的上升气流类似谷风D. 上升气流带来强大的高空西风2. 从珠峰旗云的状态不仅可以知道当天的天气，还可以预测未来1-2天内珠峰地区的天气状况。
当旗云形状紊乱，且有丝状云（如上右图）出现时，下列表述正确的是A. 对流旺盛，易形成大雪天气，不宜登山B. 西风风力较大，不宜登山C. 对流弱，天气晴朗，适宜登山D. 西风风力较小，适宜登山3. 登山运动员在珠峰大本营（海拔5200米）附近发现很多碎石，攀登至冰雪面时发现有冰川裂缝，形成珠峰大本营附近碎屑堆积物和冰雪面冰川裂缝的作用力分别是A. 冰川侵蚀、地壳运动B. 风力堆积、冰川侵蚀C. 冰川堆积、冰川侵蚀D. 冰川堆积、流水侵蚀【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C【解析】试题分析：1. 读图可知，图中7500米处以上气流上升，而此处为碎石面，太阳出来以后，碎石面很快被烤热，所以热源来自于碎石面，另外，阳坡的冰雪面反射强烈，温度低，A错。
【模拟试卷】2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷(word带答案)
2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷（一）I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.Rescue a Raccoon（浣熊）A disoriented five-month-old raccoon hurries across a busy road in Greenbrae, California.Somehow the animal and her mom have become separated, a nd now the(21)_________(frighten) babyhas no idea what to do. Suddenly a car approaches.Unable to see the animal, the driver accidentally runs over her hind leg. The raccoonfalls to the ground where she lies helpless.Other motorists, who saw the accident, pull over to check on the injured animal.One concerned witness is Marco Berger, who works for a nearby wildlife hospitalcalled WildCare. Berger calls anearby branch of the Marin Humane Society, an organization that, among other things,transports (22) _________(injure) wildlife tocare centers. About 10 minutes later, rescue officers arrive on the scene.They use a net to lift up the little raccoon, then load her into an animal ambulance (23) _________rush her to WildCare.At the hospital, head veterinary technician Nat Smith gives the raccoon a checkup.An X-rayof her leg reveals that the thighbone is completely broken. If the bone(24)_________ (not repair), she’llnever be able to run, climb, or search for food in the wild. The good news is that the leg (25) _________be fixed with surgery.Almost immediately after (26) _________ (wake) up from the surgery, thea day she’s able towalk on her leg,” raccoon shows signs ofimprovement. “WithinSmith says. A week and a half later, the raccoon has become so active that WildCarestaff decide to move the animal to a 12-foot-by-12-foot outdoor enclosure(27) _________trees for her to climb.Within two months, the young raccoon is ready (28) _________ (release). Afterone final checkup,she’s loaded into a pet carrier and driven to a forested area near (29) _________she w as found. As soon as the carrier door is opened, the raccoon (30)________ (run) into the woods. “She’s ready to take onthe wild,” says Smith. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage b y using the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. appearanceB. attemptedC. convincedD. demonstrationE. desertedF. desperateG. excuseH. nationalI. physicalJ. processK.reluctantA Real Page-turner?In 1981, a man who claimed to have special psychic powers amazed TV audiences across the US with a simple______31____: using only the power of hismind, James Hydrick turned over the pagesof a book. Later, on the same show, hemade a pencil spin around without touching it. Hydrick became a(n) ____32_____celebrity overnight, and ordinary people in the street started discussingthe ability to move____33_____objects using only your mind. “telekinesis”—career took off, and in addition to his _____34____ on TV, he also Hydrick’sbecame a successful martial arts teacher. He even claimed that he could pass on hisspecial gift of telekinesis to his young students. Naturally, there were hundreds of youngsters who were _____35____ to learn, and happy to pay for lessons.Unfortunately for Hydrick, not everybody was entirely _____36____. JamesRandi, an American magician, was publicly skeptical about Hydrick’sclaims andinsisted that his “paranormal” powers were really just magic tricks. When Randi and Hydrick appeared o n a TV show together, Randi placed small, very light pieces ofplastic around the book just before Hydrick _____37____ his performance. Hydrick’sparanormalpowers____38_____ him, and he was unable to turn even asingle page. Although he invented a complicated _____39____, the real reason for hisfailure was simple: he could only turn the pages by blowing air from his mouth, andhe couldn’t do this without blowing away all the pieces of plastic and in the_____40____ revealing his secret. Hydrick’s career ended suddenly, and he later confessed to a newspaper that he had never possessed any special powers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.“We didn’t really find a good role model of any country doing things sustainably,says Daniel O’Neill at the University of Leeds, UK. “We need to do things in acompletely different way if we are to have any hope of achieving a good life for allpeople on the planet.”O’Neill and his colleagues _____41____ each country’s sustainability by addingup how it used, produced or affected seven things. These were water, phosphorus,nitrogen, carbon dioxide emissions, landuse change, ecological footprint and material consumption.The team also used 11 measures to assess whether citizens had good lives. Somewere_____42____ needs or expectations like nutrition, access to energy and long lifeexpectancy. The others_____43____ social stability, like income, education, equality,social support and employment prospects.A(n) ____44_____ country would score zero for resource overshoot and 11 forcitizen well-being: everyone’s needs would be met and no natural resourcesdestroyed.Rich countries overshoot their limits to feed their lifestyles. “The USAtransgresses（超越）all seven planetary boundary indicators, but ... scores relatively____45_____on the social targets, achieving nine out of 11,”says team member Julia Steinberger at the University of Leeds. The UK did_____46____ breaking fivecould be described as ‘well-offboundaries, but reaching eight social targets.“Theyover-consumers’”, she says.However, South Africa transgresses the same natural boundaries as the UK, but_____47____only one social target: nutrition. “It is a dysfunctional over-consumer”,says Steinberger, “because its consumption doesn’t seem to _____48____ a better life. Some poor countries, like Malawi and Senegal, keep within planetaryboundaries, butreach none of the social targets.A few countries are better at balancing well-being and ____49_____. Theyinclude Sri Lanka—which goes beyond no natural limits—Vietnam and Moldova._____50___, none meets all the well-being targets.“The _____51____ provides a critical reminder of the tremendous challengefacing humanity，” says Johan Rockstrom of Stockholm University in Sweden.“We can no longer _____52____ that simply letting the market decide what isbest for us will lead to anything but disaster,” says Steinberger.s poorer countries should_____53____ basic needs, which can O’Neill’s team saybe met without overshooting limits. Citizens of rich countries should rethink whatfor every ecologicalthey need. “Life satisfaction” scores improved only marginallylimit broken, so ____54_____ luxuries could have big environmental benefits.“Some of the strongest determinants of life satisfaction are good health; strongfamily and community relationships; economic security in the form of employment orhigher incomes; and relative rather than absolute _____55____ with respect to the restof one’s society,” says Steinberger. “There’s a lot we can learn about how to move to lower material forms of life satisfaction.”41. A. kept B. criticised C. praised D. rated42. A. specific B. temporary C. basic D. optional43. A. endangered B. promoted C. reflected D.changed44. A. ideal B. rich C. poor D. foreign45. A. highly B. lowly C. disappointingly D. unexpectedly46. A. well B. similarly C. creatively D. otherwise47. A. misses B. cancels C. sets D. achieves48. A. result in B. depend on C. care about D. point out49. A. reliability B. independence C. sustainability D. productivity50. A.Initially B.Moreover C.Therefore D. However51. A. description B. analysis C. balance D. limitation52. A. deny B. predict C. pretend D. worry53. A. discover B. prioritise C. neglect D. monitor54. A. scaling back on B. keeping up withC. running out ofD. looking forward to55. A. harmony B. security C. health D. wealthSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)olgograd, in the south of Russia, but inI loved most of the two years I’d spent in Vthose last few months Irealised that what made me enjoy it was partly the knowledgethat I’d soon be returning home, to the family and friends, and the milder weather London had to offer. The time I spent in V olgograd had been a real eye-opener as faras experiencing a different culture was concerned. When I first arrived, I was eager to make friends, and went out of my way to be polite wherever I could. Most of the time,my attempts to strike up conversation were met with icy stares and one-word replies. I started to think that Russians were a cold people, and I was unlikely to ever make any new friends.ry at the “I think you’re not having a good time here,” saidLudmilla, the secreta school where I was working. “You will come for dinner with my family on Sunday, I won’t take no for an answer.”WhenI turned up, flowers and wine in hand, I was enveloped in warm handshakes, inviting hugs, warm laughter and murmurs of(very pleased to meet you). The meal was eaten and a few toasts “ochenpriyatna” were drunk. Then I know Russians are actually warm, friendly people, but just too proud to wear their hearts on their sleeves with people they don’t know.Another thing I learnt about Russians is the way the men show their respect for women, both young and old. One day, I had a rather unfortunate incident on the bus. Iwas sitting there, deeply absorbed in the book I was reading, when I started to notice a quiet murmuring all around me. I looked around, and noticed how the people to myleft and behind me were looking across at me and whispering to each other. In front ofme was a young woman. Just when I was about to ask, in my broken Russian if something was wrong, a man in front of me got up and offered his seat to the young woman, whose face transformed in an instant to an angelic smile as she accepted, andsat down. My face turned red. I got off at the next stop and walked the extra six blocks home.Now, back in London, I had suddenly found myself in the same position. There Iwas on the bus, and a young woman got on. Looking round, I noticed with a panicthat there were no other seats free. Proud of what I learnt, I eagerly leapt to my feetand offered my seat. When she looked surprised and told me she was “OK, thanks”, I was ashamed. Once more, I got off early and walked. It was going to take a while toget back into the swing of things.56. According toParagraph 1, what made the writer enjoy the last few months in Volgograd?A. His eye-opening experience there.B. His attempts to strike up conversations.C. The thought that he would return to London soon.D. The fact that he had a better knowledge of V o lgograd.57. After having dinner with Ludmilla, the writer found that_________.A. Russians are not unfriendly by natureB. Russians love to invite people to dinnerC. Russians prefer not to talk much at homeD. Russians like communicating with strangers58. How did the writer feel when he saw a man gave up his seat to the young woman?A. He felt misunderstood.B. He felt ashamed.C. He felt annoyed.D. He felt frightened.59. What information does the writer intend to convey in the last paragraph?A. Women in London needed special care.B. London was not as familiar to him as he thought.C. The bus service in London was far from satisfactory.D. People in London were less polite than those in V o lgograd.(B)Between 1991 and 1994 Nick Pope worked at the British Ministry of Defence investigating UFOs. He received 2,300 reports each year, of which around 90% couldbe explained. For the other 10% he could find no explanation.Sighting AThe first call came from a police officer. He and his colleague had been on aroutine patrol the night before and had seen a UFO. The officer was often on duty atnight and was used to the sights and sounds of the darkness. B ut what he and hiscolleague had seen was like nothing they had come across before. This was noshooting star, no meteor. Two bright lights, with a third, fainter one, were flying inperfect formation across the sky. I questioned the officer carefully over the phone.From what he told me about their colour and movement, they were not aircraft lightsor fireballs. They were simply unidentifiable. As the morning wore on, the calls camethick and fast from other parts of the country. Most sightings had occurred between1:00 and 1:30 am with particular concentration at 1:10 am. One of the sightings wasfrom a man with vast experience of aeroplanes and mathematics. He had watched theobjects flying low over the coast and had timed their passage between two points onthe shoreline; he was able to calculate their speed at about 1,100 mph.Sighting BThere is usually a delay between a sighting and when a witness decides to contactsighting, things were rather moreIn the case of the “Capital” someone “official”.immediate. The call came from Capital Radio’s headquarters in London and the voicewas very excited. The caller was staring out of his window, giving me a commentaryon a UFO about to land in Regents Park. There was hysteria in his voice. “It’s almos down ... it looks a bit like—like a big kite, but it can’t be. It’s down! It’s down! Mwas a pause. The voice seemed lessGod, people are gathering around it ...”There, can it? Oh, the people are putting it back in a box. It is apanicked. “It can’t be a kitekite. Sorry for having wasted your time.” He hung up. Goodness knows how upset he had been in those few mad minutes. Goodness knows how embarrassed he is at thememory of it.60. What is the passage mainly about?A. The UFOs that Nick Pope has ever seen.B. The investigation that Nick Pope did into UFOs.C. The reports about the UFOs that Nick Pope received.D. The explanations that Nick Pope proposed about UFOs.61. What can be learned from Sighting A?A. The object’s colour was similar to fireballs but different from aircraft lights.B. The object flew less fast than other UFOs that people had witnessed.C. The two police officers had thought the object was a shooting star.D. 1:10 am was the time that the object was seen by most people.62. What conclusion can be drawn from Sighting B?A. The witness mistook what he saw for a UFO.B. The witness should have confirmed what he saw first.C. The witness felt excited even when he hung up the phone.D. The witness was in Regents Park when a UFO appeared.(C)A lone humpback whale travelled more than 9,800 kilometres from breedingareas in Brazil to those in Madagascar, setting a record for the longest mammalmigration ever documented.Humpback whales are known to have some of the longest migration distances ofall mammals, and this huge journey is about 400 kilometres farther than the previoushumpback record. The finding was made by Peter Stevick, a biologist at the Collegeof the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine.The whale’s journey was unusual not only for its length，but also because i ttravelled across almost 90 degrees of longitudefrom west to east. Typically, humpbacks move in a north-south direction between cold feeding areas and warmbreeding grounds—and the longest journeys which have been recorded until nowhave been between breeding and feeding sites.The whale, a female, was first spotted off the coast of Brazil, where researchers photographed its tail fluke. Two years later, a tourist on a whale-watching boatsnapped a photo of the humpback near Madagascar.team used an extensive international To match the two sightings, Stevick’scatalogue of photographs of the undersides of tail flukes, which have distinctive markings. Researchers r outinely compare the markings in each new photograph tothose in the archive.The scientists then estimated the animal’s shortest possible route: an arc skirtingthe southern tip of South Africa and heading northeast towards Madagascar. The minimum distance is 9,800 kilometres, says Stevick, but this is likely to be an underestimate, because the whale probably took a detour to feed on krill in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica before reaching its destination.“Most h umpback-whale researchers focus on their efforts on the Northern Hemisphere because the Southern Ocean nearAntarctica is a tough environment and it is hard to get to,”explained Rochelle Constantine, who studies the ecology of humpback whales at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. But, for whales, oceans in the Southern Hemisphere are wider and easier to travel across, says Constantine. Scientists will probably observe more long-distance migrations in the Southern Hemisphere as satellite tracking becomes increasingly common, she adds.Daniel Palacios, an oceanographer a t the University of Hawaii at Manoa, says that the record- breaking journey could indicate that migration patterns are shifting as populations begin to recover from near-extinction and the population increases. B ut the reasons why the whale did not follow the usual migration routes remain a mystery. She could have been exploring new habitats, or simply have lost her way. “We generally think of humpback whales as very well studied, but then they surprise ussays. “Undoubtedly there are a lot of things we still with things like this,” Palaciosdon’t know about whale migration.”63. In what way was the whale’s journey considered unusual?A. It covered a long distance from west to east.B. A female whale rather than a male one completed it.C. The whale moved from its breeding ground to its feeding area.D. No one had ever spotted the whale other than at its destination.64. Why did the researchers compare the markings on tail flukes?A. There is a vast collection of such markings.B. The markings there last by far the longest.C. No two whales share the same markings.D. The markings are easiest to photograph.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. More evidence should have been provided that the whale had ever arrived atMadagascar.B. South Hemisphere can provide more information about humpback whales’ migration.C. The whale’s actual route might well have been shorter than the scientists had estimated.urvive.D. North Hemisphere’s environment is becoming tougher for whales to s66. What is the passage mainly about?A. A female whale was spotted twice in the Southern Ocean.B. Research on whales’ migration has seen a breakthrough.C. Whales’migration routes vary with the climate change.D. A whale surprises researchers with her journey.Section CDirections:Complete the following passage b y using the sentences g iven below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Most people didn’t watch, as there were only about 100television sets in Britain at that time.B. Besides, with his efforts, the idea inspired other inventors to go further.C. The first country to change from analogue to digital television was the USA inJune 2009.D. But not many people know that Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian inventor, invented the first “electronic” television in 1929.E. It was not until the late 20th century that TV became a household product.F. Technology started to develop faster and faster in the second half of the 20th century.Television—Past and FutureEveryone knows that Scotsman John Logie Baird invented the first television: inthe early 1920s, he made a basic television which transmitted pictures, but he didndevelop his idea further._______67_____. People often call him “the father of television”as his invention became the basis of all modern televisions.The BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation) made its first TV programmes in1936._______68______. There were programmes for only two hours a day—except Sundays, w hen they didn’tshow any programmes at all! As well as news and sports, cookery programmes were popular even in the 1930s; Frenchman Marcel Boulestinbecame the first TV chef in 1937. The first TV advertisement, in 1941, was for aBulova clock: it lasted 20 seconds and the company paid just $9 to show it during abaseball game in New York. ______69______ Colour TV came to the USA in the1950s, to Japan in 1960 and to Europe and South America in the late 1960s and early1970s. Meanwhile, in 1967 people all over the world watched as The Beatles sang onthe programme Our World, the first-ever satellite TV programme. The world’s firstappearvideo recorders came from Japan in the mid-1970s, but DVD players didn’tuntil November 1996, also made by Japanese companies.From 2005, it became possible to watch TV on your mobile phone, thanks to 3G technology.____70______Canada and Japan did the same in 2011. People watched the first TV programme nearly 70 years ago. After the huge changes in television broadcasting inthe 20th century, who knows what the next 80 years will bring?IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. S ummarize in no more than 60 words themain idea of the passage a nd how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Reading the SignsMost experts agree that it only takes between 90 seconds and four minutes todecide what we think about someone. And in fact, 80% of the time, we reach a conclusion about someone based on body language, before that person has evenopened their mouth! Of course, what you say later will matter, and this is your responsibility. However, you do need to get the body language right straight away orpeople won’t stay around long enough to find out how fascinating you really are!originate from a specificor “no”,Many gestures, such as how you say “yes” country，but others are universal. For example, all people wrinkle their noses and raise their top lip to show dislike or criticism. Everyone knows what a smile is, too, and when you’re only pretend ing to smile. This is because muscles around the eyes are linked to the emotional part of your brain, so they only work when you really mean it.There are also signals to tell us whether someone is attracted to us. This preference is shown by enlarged pupils and they will blink more often. Admirers willalso mirror your behavior, often unconsciously. So if you lean forward or take a sip ofa drink, you will find that they will do the same. However, there is another gesture weare probably unaware of, but which is used by every culture on Earth and which some experts claim is the most instantly recognizable non-verbal human greeting. When we first see someone we find attractive, our eyebrows rise and fall and if they feel the same，they raise their eyebrows, t oo. It’s not surprising if you have never noticed this, since the whole process only lasts about a fifth of a second!However, don’t make judgments about people on just one thing! Look for at least four signals. Sitting with their arms crossed might look as if someone is being defensive, but it might really mean they’re feeling cold!V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.72. 适量的运动有助于睡眠。
2018-2019学年上海高考标准模拟试卷二(word有答案)
2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷（二）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Part A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.For one week. B.For less than a week.C.For two weeks.D.Hard to say.2.A.Go to her sister’s wedding ceremony. B.Stay at home.C.Go to George’s birthady party.D.Go to George’s house-warming party.3.A.50dollars. B.40dollars. C.60dollars. D.55dollars.4.A.She feels bored with the idea. B.She thinks ballet is funny.C.She will not go with the men anywayD.She shows interest in the show.5.A.Snowy. B.Sunny. C.Windy. D.Cloudy.6.A.She hasn’t seen Monet’s paintings for ten yearsB.She hasn’t been to the museum for long.C.She has been interested in Monet’s paintings for ten yearsD.She used to own one of Monet’s paintings.7.A.Father and daughter B.Friends.C.Husband and wife.D.Boss and his employee.8.A.The man is not interested in the game this weekend.B.The man is not interested in the team that will play this weekend.C.The man doesn’t want to mention the game,D.The man is not interested in watching any game.9.A.She would seen Ellen at last.B.She saw Ellen for the last time not long ago.C.She has many people to see before Ellen.D.She wouldn’t like to see Ellen at all.10.A.The woman is sorry for not being able to spend the holiday with the man.B.The man is a bit annoyed because the woman didn’t tell him her plan for the winter holiday.C.The man is sorry about not being able to go to Malaysia.D.The woman is excited about spending the winter holiday in Malaysia without the man. Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and the passage(s)will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.70. B.80. C.130. D.15.12.A.On Tuesdays. B.On Wednesdays.C.On Sundays.D.On Mondays.13.A.The English Family club.B.The painting club.C.The sports club.D.The music club.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.B.Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C.Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D.Because they believe people can recover without treatment.15.A.They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B.They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C.They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D.They show our body id fighting the virus.16.A.It can actually does more harm than good.B.It causes damage to some organ of our body.C.It works better when combined with other remedies.D.It helps ue to recover much sooner.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.It lasts till today. B.It lasted about ten years.C.It’s not mentioned in the conversation.D.It lasts forever.18.A.The commercial success of several boys and girls.B.The funny daily stories that happened to a group of lose friends.C.How people in Manhattan made their living.D.American culture,mainly the coffee culture.19. A.It always received positive reviews from the critics.B.It enjoyed a high rate of watching.C.It was used as a tool for English learning all over the world.D.It became a cultural phenomenon.20.A.They may go to the“Centra Park”for a cup of coffee.B.They may open a new coffee shop together.C.They may start practicing English with each other.D.They may go to the woman’s place to enjoy the show.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill m the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Is This Art?Have you ever looked at a painting and thought“I could do better than that”？Have you ever seen a film without any story or characters?Or heard a piece of music(21)________doesn’t quite sound like music?If you can answer“yes”to any of these questions,the chances are that(22) ________you were looking at,watching or listening to was something“avant-garde”.One of the most famous examples of avant-garde art comes from the world of music.John Cage's piece of music4,33n consists of4minutes and33seconds of silence.It was written by Cage,a leading American member of the avant-garde,in1952.It was divided into three movements,(23)________(perform)without a single note being played.(24)________the composer,the musicis actually the sounds the listener hears while“listening”to the performance.These might include, of course,listeners(25)________(ask)each other how they know when the piece ends.Cinema has always had avant-garde directors.Possibly the best known is Andy Warhol.(26)________better known as a painter,between1963and1968Warhol made more than60 films,nearly(27)________of them experimental.One film,Eat,consists of a man eating a mushroom for45minutes,while Sleep shows poet John Giomo sleeping for6hours.Empire is8hours long and only shows the Empire State Building as the sun(28)________(set)at dusk.You could eat a lot of popcorn in8hours.Some people love avant-garde art and some hate it.Some believe avant-garde artists are geniuses,while others tend(29)________(think)they're pretentious.However,whether you love them or hate them,you will probably have to accept that these people are just no(30)________ (passionate)about their art than Michaelangelo,Beethoven or Orson Welles were in their day.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can onlybe used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.associationsB.characteristicsC.dinersD.experiencedE.exploitF.implicationsG.interpretH.playI.previouslyJ.processedK.simplyHow sound and colour influence the taste of foodThe sound people hear while they are eating food can change the way they think it tastes, scientists have discovered.In fact,researchers have also found that changing the colour of a food can influence the flavour____31____by consumers.Food manufacturers are now hoping to ____32____the findings in an attempt to make their foods more appealingIt was____33____thought that the sense of taste and smell were the only human senses that played a role in experiencing flavour.Professor Charles Spence,a sensory psychologist at Oxford University,is a leading expert in his field.He believes that it is possible to change the flavor of food simply by exciting people's sense of hearing.For example,listening to waves hitting the sea shore can make____34____detect seafood flavours.Professor Spence has also discovered that____35____changing the colour of a food can influence the way it tastes.He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red,it is possible to make it taste up to12per cent sweeter than it really is.He said:This colour has strong ___36_____with very ripe fruit.’Flavour is not just as simple as the way something tastes,as all the other senses come into ____37____and some can dominate the way the brain will____38____a food.Ice cream activates a part of the brain which is just behind the eyes and is where emotions are____39____. By melting,it changes its physical____40____and creates contrasts that continually keep your senses interested.So next time you are in a restaurant or a supermarket,or just sitting down at home to eat something,think about whether your choices have been influenced by sound or colour.You may be surprised!III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An internet troll is someone who posts insulting comments in an online chat room, social-networking site or blog.Their aim is not to contribute to the discussion,but to ____41____people or make them angry.Sometimes the comments are fairly___42_____.For example,a troll might visit a website that is dedicated to fighting global warming and post a comment like'Global warming is a myth made up by second-rate scientists who just want to further their own careers.'Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and start___43_____.This is exactly what the troll wants:to start a fight.However,many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply hurtful.In 2011,45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook.The contestant had received hate mail on Facebook and,feeling_____44___for the young man,Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page,saying simply:‘Keep your chin up, Frankie,theyMl move on to someone else soon/They did move on to someone else—Ms Brookes—within minutes.More than100cruel messages were left in just24hours,and a(n) ___45_____Facebook page was set up in her name.Racist trolling probably has the highest profile cases.When Premier League footballer Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in2012,racist messages appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in his_____46___and laughing at him.____47____,Muamba made a complete recovery.The effects of such attacks can be terrible,especially for people who are being targeted precisely because they admitted to a vulnerability(弱点)in the first place.So____48____do trolls post messages that cause such distress?Some of them are sad, lonely people with their own problems who___49_____the attention their posts attract.They behave badly online because they feel_____50___normal standards of polite and considerate behaviour.They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims.They say things that they would never dare to say____51____.Finally,trolls believe that they can remain unknown and that no one will ever____52____who they are.That is about to_____53___,however.When Nicola Brookes first approached the police and made a complaint,they told her there was nothing they could do.So she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the identities of the trolls who had been tormenting(折磨）her.She____54____the case and is free to pursue private prosecutions(起诉) against those responsible for tormenting her.With trolls facing____55____and possible prosecution in future,hopefully they will think twice before posting insulting messages.41.A.entertain B.locate C.upset D.welcomermative B.convincing C.harmless D.unfairughing B.arguing C.proving D.applauding44.A.anxiety B.sympathy C.dissatisfaction D.hope45.A.appealing plex C.famous D.fake46.A.misfortune B.distress C.feeling D.violence47.A.Occasionally B.Strangely C.Generally D.Thankfully48.A.why B.how C.when D.where49.A.fear B.enjoy C.hold D.give50.A.liberated from B.curious about C.satisfied with D.dependent on51.A.for sure B.on stage C.in person D.with confidence52.A.wonder B.discover C.say D.remember53.A.return B.happen C.collapse D.change54.A.lost B.filed C.won D.forgotpetition B.wealth C.embarrassment D.exposureSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After bouncing my rental car across several miles of red-dirt roads I walked for nearly another mile down the beach to a deserted valley.It was comforting to think that at the very least I was finally out of cell-phone range.However,even on Kauai,Hawaii’s‘Garden Island’，complete escape wasn’t all that easy to achieve.Noisy helicopters full of tourists flew overhead like so many dragonflies.Every20 minutes or so the comforting sounds of wind and water were broken by the noise of a speeding tour boat racing to complete another lap around the island.Worst of all,not more than fiveminutes by car from the resort where I was staying,the Atomic Clock Internet Cafe signaled with promises of instant email.I felt uncomfortable every time I drove by the Atomic Clock Cafe.1am a technology reporter for an online magazine—my life is driven and dominated by email.I'm drowned in it, usually400or500messages a day.The main reason for my visit to Kauai was to unplug, disconnect,log off,and get away from it all.No cell phone,no electronic organiser,no laptop. And definitely,no email.Yes,my plan was to lie on the beach and not check my email.My friends and family were outraged as they could not understand how I could bear to live without email.But they didn't understand.In my job,I am online,permanently.Cyberspace is more familiar to me than my backyard.While I am awake,my email is always on.I don't like to be without it for too long.A few hours away from it,and I start to tremble.I am,however,no stranger to beaches and their relaxing qualities and so I knew,even when arriving well after dark at the comfortable cottage in the town of Waimea,that the island of Kauai gave me a good chance of beating my addiction to electronic devices.Maybe it was full moon lighting the black-sand beach not10metres from my door.Or the mango trees casting shadows across the veranda(阳台).Or the driftwood piled in loose heaps foras far as I could see along the shore.Without question,the long,slow sound of the waves rolling in calmed my restless soul,and I found I could,in fact,log off.56.Why did the writer come to Kauai?A.To get away from the modem technology.B.To work for the Atomic Clock Internet Cafe.C.To write reports on technological development.D.To find whether there is an alternative to email.57.What can we learn about the writer?A.He wrote articles about reasons around the world.B.He enjoyed beach activities like boat racing.C.He was eager to work in his backyard.D.He spent much time working online.58.The word“outraged”（paragraph4)is closest in meaning to“__________”.A.relievedB.shockedC.amusedD.offended59.The writer described the scenery in the last paragraph in order to.A.argue against his friends’doubt of KauaiB.propose a possible destination of his tripC.highlight the beauty of the beach of KauaiD.show Kauai produced a relaxing atmosphere(B)Read the following two blogs and answer the questions that follow.Our buses drive me to distractionI’ve had it up to here with buses!To be more precise,I am sick to death of the service offered by our local bus company and which dares to call itself Reliabus—a misnomer if ever there was one,since its exhaust-fume-coughing,atmosphere-choking buses are anything but reliable.Nine times out of ten they arrive late,and when they do eventually turn up,there's no guarantee you'll get on.I've lost count of the times I have watched as a full-to-bursting number26—which I try to catch home from college---sails past the bus stop(another misnomer),leaving weary travellers like myself to wait for at least another20minutes until the next one comes along.Unless of course that’s full as well,in which case we have to wait even longer.Why don’t they lay on more buses!It annoys me to think that they are turning people away from travelling by public transport, encouraging them to use their cars and causing traffic jams in our already heavily congested town centre.I wrote them an email and gave them a piece of my mind If you're as fed up as I am,why not do the same?They might just sit up and take notice.Leave me alone!If there’s one thing that gets on my nerves,it’s people who keep trying to sell me things I don’t want.It drives me mad when Tm in the middle of my dinner or watching a film and some smooth-talking idiot phones up and asks me if Tm interested in new kitchen units,a subscription to a book club or a superfast internet connection.No,I’m not,thank you very much,and if I was, I’d get in touch with you!I very nearly burnt the house down the other day answering one of their ridiculous calls.I forgot I’d left something frying in the kitchen—just got back to the blackened remains in time.It’s even worse outside of the home—sometimes you can’t move for people handing out fliers in the street,advertising computer classes or urging you to buy this,that or the other.Theypush one into your face,and if you don’t take it,they give you a nasty look and you can hear them swearing and muttering under their breath about you as you walk away.Not nice at all.60.Both the two blogs are meant to________.A.address a problemB.ask for sympathyC.make a complaintD.clarify a misunderstanding61.By“another misnomer”（paragraph1)，the blogger actually means________.A.the bus seldom stops thereB.20minutes'wait is too longC.she is often too late to catch the busD.public transport is not a good choice62.What annoys the blogger according to the second blog?A.The bad quality of kitchen appliances.B.The endless phone calls to sell something.C.The terrible experiences of cooking for the family.D.The attitudes that her colleagues have towards her.(C)The goings-on in the consulting room have become more transparent(透明的）recently. Thank goodness.We know more than the lines supplied by the movies in which the therapist knows all and gives wisdom to those who,sitting on a couch,consult with them.Therapists are interested in how the individual,the couple or the family experiences and understands their difficulties.That has to be a starting place.We can be of value if our first port of call is to listen,to gradually feel ourselves into the shoes of the other,to absorb the feelings that are being conveyed and to think and then to say some words.The thinking and talking that I do inside the consulting room is at odds with many features of ordinary conversation.Not that it is mysterious,but it isn't concerned with traditional ways of sharing or identifying.The therapist makes patterns and theorises,but they are also reflecting on the words that are spoken,how they are delivered and how the words,once spoken,affect the speaker and the therapist themselves.Words can give voice to previously unknown feelings and thoughts.That’s why it’s called thetalking cure.But just as words reveal so,too,can they obscure,and this gets us to the listening and feeling part of the therapy.Whatever and however the words are delivered,they will have an impact on me as a therapist.I might feel hopeless,I might feel energised,I might feel pushed away, I might feel demanded of,I might feel pulled to find solutions.The influence of the other is what makes any relationship possible or impossible.A therapist is trained to reflect on how those who consult with them affect them.As I try to step into the shoes of the other and then out again,my effort is to hold both those experiences,plus an awareness of my ease or discomfort with what I encounter in the relationship.Feelings are the bread and butter of our work in the consulting room.They inform or modify our ideas and they enable us to find an emotional bridge to what can so hurt for the people we are working with.Along with the more commonly thought-about theories and ideas we have about the psyche,they are an essential part of the therapist^toolkit,certainly for me.The talking cure means talking,yes.It also means the therapist is listening,thinking and feeling.63.In which way is the thinking and talking the writer does different from ordinary conversation?A.It may not be understood by patients.B.It is full of terms used by most therapists.C.It is a good reflection of traditional talking.D.It involves thinking about how people speak.64.The word t4obscureM(paragraph3)is closest in meaning to________.A.cancelB.clarifyC.confirmD.conceal65.Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?A.Patients'influence has been neglected by therapists for too long a time.B.Therapists need to think from their own perspectives as well as patients'.C.It is no easy job for therapists to realize how uncomfortable their patients are.D.Therapists had better push away those negative emotions acquired from patients.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Awareness of feelingsB.It’s good to talk—and listenC.Theories that help therapistsD.What is the point of being a therapistDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.It’s too expensive for common people to afford.B.Actually,Miao’s room is so popular that you have to book three months in advance.C.It’s only one dollar a night.D.Miao says that to live in his jail cell,people don’t have to be a criminal,but there are a number of rules that need to be followed.E.More like a psychological New York City experience.F.Despite the strict rules,guests are given a key to the cage to let themselves in and out as they please.One Dollar a Night in New YorkWhen it comes to finding a place to stay for a night in New York,things don't always come cheap.However,artist Miao Jiaxin,a Shanghai native who moved to New York in2006,is offering people the chance to stay in his apartment in Brooklyn.______67__________.Guests can easily book Miao's room on the Internet.Nevertheless,although they will be housed in his apartment,it appears to have more in common with a jail cell than a regular bedroom as a cage in the center of the room is where guests will stay.__________68______________Guests must stay m the cage for three hours each morning. ''From9a.m.to12p.m.,you can't access the Internet,and there are no electronic devices,books, radio,pens or craftwork.You can't talk to anybody.You can't do Yoga or any other exercises.And you can't even sleep,writes Miao.If you break any of those rules above,you will be fined100 dollars.Meanwhile,the cage is monitored and recorded by two cameras and the activity of guests is filmed for the whole time they stay in the cell.________69________________They can enjoy great views of New York on the roof deck outside the room.The room is inspired by the alienation(疏离感)Miao felt as a new immigrant—feelings he believes are universal.“It’s not for fun.It’s for an experience.___________70_____________’’IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea of the passage and how it is e your own words as far as possible.e-learning:Hazy past—better future?How much of an effect does technology have on students'learning?A significant one,it seems,according to experts.Currently available technologies,the most important of which are computers and the Internet,apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish.The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer.Or so the theory goes.My own viewpoint is rather different,Tm afraid.Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment.There are,of course,obstacles like costs to overcome,but it's just a matter of time and effort.This is because schools have done what every organization does when it sees an innovation--it applies the innovation to its existing model,which adds cost but doesn't transform the standard classroom.We have,during that period,spent over$60billion on them,but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools.Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant.If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting,it does not matter what,if any,equipment is used.However,change is on the horizon.I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform puters will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don't have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online.They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient.This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore,in a few years'time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.最近你收到过汤姆的来信吗？（hear)73.没人知道他昨天缺席这个重要会议的原因。
2019年高考理综全国卷1-答案
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国I卷理综答案解析第Ⅰ卷一、选择题1．【答案】B【解析】胎儿手发育的过程中，手指间隙的细胞会发生细胞凋亡，A错误；小肠上皮细胞中衰老的细胞将会发生细胞凋亡，不断完成细胞的自然更新，B正确；被病原体感染的细胞属于靶细胞，机体通过细胞免疫将靶细胞裂解死亡，释放抗原，属于细胞凋亡，C错误；细胞凋亡是由基因所决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程，细胞坏死是在种种不利因素的影响下导致的细胞非正常死亡，D错误。
故选B。
【考点】细胞凋亡和细胞坏死的概念和实例【考查能力】理解能力2.【答案】C【解析】翻译的原料是氨基酸，要想让多肽链带上放射性标记，应该用同位素标记的氨基酸（苯丙氨酸）作为原料，而不是同位素标记的tRNA，①错误、③正确；合成蛋白质需要模板，由题知苯丙氨酸的密码子是UUU，因此可以用人工合成的多聚尿嘧啶核苷酸作模板，同时要除去细胞中原有核酸的干扰，④、⑤正确；除去了DNA和mRNA的细胞裂解液模拟了细胞中的真实环境，其中含有核糖体、催化多肽链合成的酶等，因此不需要再加入蛋白质合成所需的酶，故②错误。
综上所述，ABD不符合题意，C符合题意。
故选C。
【考点】翻译所需的条件【考查能力】理解能力3.【答案】A【解析】黄瓜幼苗可以吸收水，增加鲜重；也可以从土壤中吸收矿质元素，合成相关的化合物。
也可以利用大气中二氧化碳进行光合作用制造有机物增加细胞干重。
植物光合作用将光能转化成了有机物中的化学能，并没有增加黄瓜幼苗的质量，故黄瓜幼苗在光照下增加的质量来自于水、矿质元素、空气。
综上所述，BCD不符合题意，A符合题意。
故选A。
【考点】植物生长过程中的物质变化【考查能力】理解能力4.【答案】D【解析】兴奋在神经纤维上以电信号的形式传导，在突触部位以电信号－化学信号－电信号的形式传递，A 正确；惊吓刺激可以通过图像、声音、接触等刺激作用于视觉、听觉或触觉感受器，B正确；由题中信息：兴奋经过反射弧中的传出神经作用于肾上腺髓质，使其分泌肾上腺素，从而加快心跳，说明神经系统可通过内分泌活动间接调节心脏活动。
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2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试语文祝考试顺利注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
现代印刷工艺极大地冲击了传统手工刻印。
这是否意味着，在年画制作中，一定要用“高技术”替代“低技术”、用数码印刷替代雕版印刷？想想陶瓷和纺织行业，虽然早就进入工业化大生产阶段，但缂丝织锦、手工陶瓷和柴烧，不仅没有消亡，反而越来越为高品质生活所需要。
再来看看传统印刷业，手工印刷在西方也没有完全被机器取代，而是转变为一种更为艺术化、个性化的创作形式。
可见传统技艺并不必然被现代技术全面替代。
从西方传来的手工版画，在中国成了一个大的专业门类，源自本土的年画却濒临灭绝。
这固然与外在的体制性因素有一定关系，但也有年画从业者自身的原因。
放眼国内年画界，只会印不会刻、只会刻老版不会刻新版的现象普遍存在，这种不思进取的现象值得业界反省。
复兴年画不能单靠情怀，年画传承人要有技艺方面的核心竞争力，至少应该达到专业艺术院校中现有的版画技艺水准。
文化在于关联。
最精微的文化关联，体现在技艺的交叠与材料的综合之中，由此构筑起一个意蕴丰富的世界。
年画的世界也是这样。
随着消费升级，民众对生活品质越来越关注。
传统工艺所使用的天然原材料，相对于人造材料，不仅具有稀缺性，而且蕴含着人与自然的本源性联系，越来越受当今消费者的青睐。
在生活越来越讲究的今天，能不能恢复使用矿植物颜料？用于雕刻的木板，能不能在选材上更为讲究？年画界能不能和木雕界多些来往？古代雕版插图往往以文人书画为范本，今天的木版水印界能不能和书画界重新建立联系？尤其是用于印刷年画或插图的纸张，能不能采用手工造纸，融合两项或多项非遗技艺？在古代，年画往往由纸铺代售，二者的关系能否在今天得以重构？年画传承人能否与手工造纸传承人产生更多联系？与年画业相关的有扎作、灯笼、图书文具等十余个行业，年画应该多从相关行业中汲取营养，与相关行业同步前行。
年画的历史意蕴是丰富的，因此年画的创新不能是扁平化、单向度的。
比如将年画图案印到马克杯或T恤衫上，以为这就是创新。
承载这些“创意”的载体，做工粗糙，不仅没有提升反而贬损了年画的价值。
所以，年画创新，不能仅寄希望于其他载体，而应将年画的文化意蕴与时代精神相结合，从内在品质上实现转型升级。
当今中国，正处在一个文化大繁荣、大发展的时代。
无论是年画创作还是年画衍生品，都需要从材料、工艺等细节入手，才能更好地满足人们对美好生活的期待。
（摘编自陈岸瑛《年画如何走进新年俗场景》）1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A.传统的年画采用雕版印刷的手工制作方法，当今受到了现代印刷工艺的极大冲击。
B.年画的发展需要文化关联，应在技艺交叠与材料综合中，构筑意蕴丰富的世界。
C.和人造材料不同，传统工艺所使用的天然原材料体现出人与自然的本源性的联系。
D.年画创新不能转换载体，而是要结合年画的文化意蕴与时代精神提升其内在品质。
2.下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A.文章首段通过与其他传统技艺的对比论证，得出了未来年画发展趋势乐观的结论。
B.文章第二段简要分析年画濒临灭绝的原因，指出年画传承人应提高技艺水平。
C.文章第三段通过一连串追问，重点强调了年画应携手相关文化行业共同发展。
D.文章末两段，既阐明了年画创新应注意的问题，又为年画的发展指明了方向。
3.根据原文内容，下列说法正确的一项是（3分）（）A.传统的艺术要生存和发展，就不能用现代的“高技术”来代替古老的“低技术”。
B.消费者对文化生活品质的要求越来越高，这给传统年画的振兴提供了市场契机。
C.在古代，年画制作者跟书画界联系密切，今天要想振兴年画必须恢复这种联系。
D.要确保年画的价值，不能靠扁平化、单向度的创新，而只能靠提高其载体的品质。
（二）实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。
材料一:湿地泛指暂时或长期覆盖水深不超过2米的低地、土壤充水较多的草甸，以及低潮时水深不过6米的沿海地区，包括各种咸水淡水沼泽地、湿草甸、湖泊、河流以及洪泛平原、河口三角洲、泥炭地、湖海滩涂、河边洼地或漫滩、湿草原等。
湿地具有强大的降解污染功能，被称为“地球之肾”，与森林、海洋并称地球三大生态系统。
据2013年第二次全国湿地资源调查统计，我国湿地面积5360.26万公顷，较2003年减少339.63万公顷，减少8.82％，湿地面积平均以500万亩/年的速度减少，近70％的重要湿地受到污染。
受到围垦、过度捕捞、基建占用等因素威胁，湿地保护形势严峻、需求紧迫。
国家林业局“十三五”生态湿地规划明确目标，至2020年湿地面积不低于8亿亩。
自2010年起，财政部每年对湿地保护给予财政补助。
在湿地保护十三五”规划中，国家级重大项目规划总投入176.81亿元，较“十二五”期间67.02亿元的实际投入增加164％。
自2018年1月1日起，林业局对国家湿地公园实行“审批制”，要求各地区申请晋升为国家级的湿地公园，需先成为省级湿地公园2年以上。
“晋升制”极大促进了各省、市、地区的湿地公园建设需求。
至2020年，各地合计规划新建省级湿地公园485个。
（摘编自《2018年我国湿地保护行业现状及十三五规划投资额分析》，中国产业信息网2018年6月14日）材料二:3月22日，湖北省荆门市仙居河国家湿地公园正式开园，向公众免费开放。
公园管理处组织游客在科普广场签名台开展了“保护湿地”自愿者签名仪式，号召人们一起保护大自然，维护美好环境，倡导绿色低碳生活。
仙居河国家湿地公园位于东宝区仙居乡南河水库与北河水库交汇处，2013年12月，经国家林业局批准后开始建设，2018年12月，国家林草局验收合格并批准授牌。
园区总面积6045亩，总投资2860万元，打造出集湿地保护、生态修复、文化展示、科普宣教、休闲观光于一体的国家级湿地公园。
仙居河国家湿地公园的开放，将全面提升湿地科普宣教能力，为广大市民和外来游客普及湿地知识，提高社会公众认识湿地、保护湿地的意识，并为中小学生开展湿地科普教育提供崭新的平台。
（摘编自陈朝宏、刘洋《荆门东宝仙居河国家湿地公园正式开园》，中新网2019年3月22日）材料三:2017年12月27日，昆明捞渔河湿地开展国家湿地公园试点工作获批，意味着连续两年申报的云南昆明捞渔河国家湿地公园项目有了实质性进展。
云南昆明捞渔河国家湿地公园投资为11.32亿元，总面积11000亩（含部分湖滨近岸水体），岸线全长14.7公里，拟划分为湿地保育区、恢复重建区、宣教展示区、合理利用区和管理服务区5个功能区。
截至目前，滇池度假区完成原有800亩捞渔河湿地的水上森林布水系统优化、清理水生植物、拓宽水道等提升改造工作，移植中山杉143棵，修砌布水堰新建土坝711.7米，修砌布水口（木桩）46米，修割芦苇面积达2400平方米，开挖沟渠576米。
杨庆介绍，大渔文化旅游综合体项目主要建设管理服务区、酒店住宿区、旅游购物区三大旅游服务区块。
该项目建成后将成为集商务、文化、写字楼等为一体的商业性地标建筑，对度假区旅游文化产业聚集区的打造起到标杆示范作用，全面推动度假区产业功能进一步提升，引领和带动大渔片区发展。
（摘编自缪亚平《昆明捞渔河湿地加快“国”字号建设》，《昆明日报》2019年3月25日）4.下列对材料相关内容的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A.湿地包括各种湖泊、河流、洪泛平原以及沿海地区等，由于具有强大的降解污染功能而被称为“地球之肾”，是地球三大生态系统之一。
B.我国湿地保护形势严峻、需求紧迫。
从2003年到2013年，我国湿地面积平均以500万亩/年的速度减少，近70％的重要湿地被污染。
C.国家林业局“十三五”生态湿地规划目标明确指出，到2020年我国湿地面积不低于8亿亩，与之相应的规划投入较“十二五”也有大幅增加。
D.云南昆明捞渔河湿地公园试点项目获得批准，该湿地公园建设取得了实质性进展，滇池度假区对捞渔河原有湿地的改造也已经开始。
5.下列对材料相关内容的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A.国家林业局对国家湿地公园实行“审批制”，对于晋升国家湿地公园的申请，设定资格、年限的要求，满足了各地湿地公园建设需求。
B.湖北荆门仙居河总面积6045亩的国家湿地公园，历时五年授牌开园，这意味着云南昆明捞渔河国家湿地公园可能还有很长的路要走。
C.国家湿地公园的建设不仅仅是湿地保护、生态修复等生态方面的必需，也是旅游度假、休闲观光的美好去处，更是文化展示、科普宣教的平台。
D.至2020年，各地合计规划新建省级湿地公园485个，这说明许多地方政府的生态保护意识有所加强，以污染环境为代价的经济发展模式正在改变。
6.如何搞好我国的湿地保护工作？请结合材料说说你的看法。
（6分）（三）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，15分）阅读下面的文字，完成7~9题。
我的民工弟弟胥加山弟弟背着沾满尘沙的蛇皮口袋，被我们公司的门卫拦了下来。
走出清凉的办公室，我被一阵热浪裹住，远地，看见弟弟坐在烈日下鼓鼓囊囊的蛇皮口袋上，不停地喝着硕大的雪碧瓶里的自来水。
见我走来，他慌地站起身，擦了一下额头的汗，扶起倒在地上的蛇皮口袋。
我问他怎么不坐在传达室里等我。
弟弟嗫嚅着，习惯了，再说怕弄脏人家传达室。
看着弟弟被烈日蒸红的脸，我真想骂几个门卫两句。
弟弟帮他们解了围，说是自己不愿意告诉他们他哥在这里做白领，才用我送他的旧手机给我打了电话。
弟弟在我的办公室只坐了五分钟。
他说要在离我家不远的工地上打两个月工，想在我家住几宿，等工地安置好工棚就回到工地上。
看着他被风沙揉红的眼睛，我脱口而出，这次打工就别住工棚了，天天晚上来家。
弟弟激动得不知所措，他急急地说:“哥，你这里太凉了，我得走，再多坐一会儿，会感冒的！”看着烈日下小弟的背影，我心中有种揪心的疼——同是一娘所生，我比他大三岁，他看上去却比我大；我在舒适的环境中拿着不菲的报酬，他却挥汗如雨，拼着死力挣着微薄的工资……我提前下班，买了酒菜，把弟弟住的房间整理一新，等着弟弟。
谁知妻却一口回绝我:“这怎么行，他住家里，我们都会不方便的！“不方便也得方便！”我有点强词夺理，妻不想跟我吵，进房甩上门。
弟一回到家，我便说他，工地下班怎么这么晚？弟弟说他早下班了，在工地上冲了把凉水澡。
这时，我才闻到弟身上散发出的淡淡的花露水的清香。
我为小弟斟酒。