现代大学英语精读二unit4详细答案(杨立民版)

现代大学英语精读二unit4详细答案（杨立民版）Unit 4
Preview
1. Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks
in the
following sentences.
1) an air crash; Washington; 1982
2) terrible crash; jet plane; Washington National Airport; bridge; Potomac;
sank; in icy-cold water; four; survive
3) great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team;
to pick up
survivors; “the man in the water”
4) courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion
5) pride; the moral power
2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions. 1) The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated..
2) City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and became chaotic, turned into a state of complete disorder and confusion.
A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal. 3) From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey. Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the elements.
5) Here the human nature and natural powers are in conflict.
6)“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult. “Groping and struggling”
refers to the fact that normally it is
human instinct to grope for something to hang on to and struggle for life. 7) The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes…, are able to account for their behavior.”
“Account for”: give a satisfactory explanation
8) “in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty
9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the sentiment has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.
10) It means the main reason for the emotional impact or the person who caused the greatest emotional impact.
11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killed
in an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Also
mass murder; mass killings; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.
“commitment”: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.
12) As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.
13) “listening to …” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”;
“tell …” and “saying ..” are both part of the complex object of “listening to”; and “to fasten …” is part of the complex object of “tell”.
14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance 15) the age-old battle between humans and nature
16) go at each other: fight each other violently
act on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral principles
17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand life’s true meaning.
18) “hold it to a standoff”: make nature unable to win the battle immediately 迫
使自然接受在和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。

Vocabulary
1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.
1) Turn the following into their opposite by adding in- or im-:
1. incompetence
2. immoral
3. impossible
4. incomplete
5. impersonal
6. incredible
7. indirect
8. immovable
9. immortal
10. impolite
11. informal
12. improper
13. impartial
14. impatient
15. incorrect
16. incapable
17. insignificant
18. impractical
19. imperfect ;
20. insensitive
21. impermissible
22. impenetrable
23. indifferent
24. immovable
25. invisible
26. immodest
27. immature
28. invaluable
29. invariable
30. immeasurable
2)Guess the meaning of the following suffixes.
(1) -ee
Referee; employee; payee; divorcee; trainee
(2) -eer
volunteer; pioneer; engineer; profiteer;
(3) -ess
Stewardess; actress; conductress; tigress; lioness; duchess; countess; mistress; princess; hostess;
3) Translate the following expressions paying special attention to the compound nouns in bold type made of verbs+adverbs.
1. 经济起飞
2. 欢送会
3. 梦想复辟
4. 可耻的出卖
5. 后续讨论
6. 产品用后就扔的现代经济
7. 脸上涂脂抹粉化妆品用得太多 8. 严重的精神崩溃
9. 给了个表示许可的信号
10. 怀疑这是有意掩盖真相
11. 我们叫个外买吧
12. 在那个军事接管以后
13. 给学生一些讲义
14. 改革的好处
15. 这联盟最后的破裂 16. 学校中途撤学的人
17. 第二天清晨仍能感觉酒后头昏
18. 出来参加投票的人不多
2( Give the opposite of the following words.
1) employer
2) unfasten
3) bad/evil
4) unidentified
5) concerned/caring/interested/sympathetic
6) immovable
7) impersonal
8) irresponsible
9) selfishness
10)individual/personal/specific/private
11)shallow
12)undress
13)slightly/somewhat/in part
14)deny
bridegroom 15)
3. Translate the following Chinese into English.
1) air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters human nature and character 2)
3) the tail section of a jet plane
4) huge chunks of ice
5) flotation ring
6) fasten the seat belt
7) cultural conflict /clash
8) Flight 911
9) mechanic failure
10) human tragedy
11) harsh remarks
12) make a distinction between good and evil
13) presidential monuments
14) typical/classic circumstance
15) universal character
16) public hero
17) emotional impact
18) moment of high traffic (peak)
19) enduring wonder
20) Air Florida
21) Congressional Budget Office
22) mass casualties
4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their
proper forms.
1) refer to; known as
2) in reality; as ever; responsible for
3) brought; to tears; sticks
4) worth; refer to; On the other hand; make a careful distinction 5) came to the conclusion; for the
6) takes off ; on behalf of
7) to be sure; care about; rise to the occasion
8) responsible for; account for
5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs. 1) to;as
2) on; to
3) to; of
4) on; in; under
5) according to; over
6) with; at; at
7) against; for; to
8) on; to
9) on; to
10) In/Owing to/Because of; of
6. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash made
him a national hero.
2) Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning
children to shore, two never returned.
3) The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe
they owe this
to their eating habits/composition of their diet, which contains a
lot of fish
products.
4) I know Harris. I couldn’t imagine a man like him making such stupid
remarks.
5) After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give
her the
most dangerous task.
6) I hear that Lincoln delivered an extremely powerful speech on
that
occasion. Whatever did he actually say?
7) That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to
everybody. But no one regretted this move.
8) As accidents go/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing out of
the ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and
kills a young woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man dares
to challenge the people who want to take him to court because his father is
a local police officer.
9) Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial policy, we have to make a
clear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests. 10) Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving
across the frozen river.
Grammar
1. Learn to use the appositive clause.
1. Study the clauses introduced by that and say which are appositive clauses
and which are the relative clauses.
Explanatory notes:
a. The appositive clause is one that explains the meaning of the previous noun.
b. The “noun + appositive clause” functions as a noun (phrase), and like a noun
(phrase), it is used as subject, objects, and predicative. c. The “noun + appositive clause” form is used as the object of prepositions and
of verbs that cannot be followed by a simple that-clause. d. Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause.
Among such verbs are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion.
1) appositive clause in apposition to (与……同位) “the fact”
2) relative clause modifying “the jets …”
3) relative clause modifying “every hero’s line”
4) appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”
5) appositive clause in apposition to “proof”
6) relative clause modifying “something”
7) appositive clause in apposition to “the conclusion”
8) appositive clauses in apposition to “the fact”
2. Respond to or rewrite each of the remarks, using an appositive clause
and the words in brackets.
1) The boy’s fear that he would fail the examination was totally groundless. 2) I have a feeling that the farmer’s wife doesn’t like the way some young
people behave.
3) A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung to the hope that their son
would one day return home.
4) I think the police’s opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft is
ridiculous.)
5) The international community welcomes the news that the two countries have
decided to return to the negotiating table.
6) A lot of scientists don’t think the result of their research is absolute proof that
global warming isn’t really happening.
7) Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had more
to gain than lose.
8) Our department head seems to have accepted the fact that women generally
have better communication skills.
2. Complete each of the sentences with an indefinite pronoun beginning with
any/every/some/no, adding ’s or else(’s) where necessary.
1. Using anybody/anyone, somebody/someone, everybody/everyone, nobody/no
one.
1) anybody (usually in questions) / somebody (when you expect a “yes” answer
2) anybody else’s
3) Everybody
4) everyone, Nobody
5) no one else
6) No one
7) anyone (in questions)
8) someone else
9) Everyone, no one
10) Nobody
2. Using anything, something, everything, nothing.
1) everything 2) something (when “yes” is expected) /anything
3) nothing 4) something, anything 5) something 6) nothing 7) anything 8) Something, anything 9) something (10) nothing
3. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
(4) took (5) takeoff (1) made (2) while (3) scheduled
(6) by (7) But (8) dangerous (9) turn (10) Something
4. Translate the sentences using an appositive clause. 1) The fact that he is somebody’s relative won’t change our opinion of him.
2) The wives of the miners trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed by
the news that their men had all been rescued.
3) We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.
4) There’s little hope that the patient will survive.
5) The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this year’s freshmen are
promising.
6) In spite of our economic growth, we should bear/keep in mind the fact that
ours is still a developing country.
7) We should hear his explanation before we jump to the conclusion that he’s to
blame.
8) There aren’t many people who still cling to the idea that man should conquer
nature rather than live in harmony with it.
5. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences. 1) Everyone in our class went to the international book fair. 2) Every one of their new products became popular soon after it was launched.
3) The Chinese Delegation expressed the hope that the two sides would soon
stop fighting in the area.
4) I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks to his patients. 5) Is there anyone in the office?
6) I think it was the director’s fault, and nobody else is responsible for the
disaster.
7) Has anyone got anything important to say?
8) Lee Ying can’t be in the library. I saw her going to the sports ground just a
moment ago.
9) If the firefighters hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam, they would have
arrived an hour early.
10) Not only did the medical team save many earthquake victims, but they also
helped them to recover from the shock.。