英语语法重点和难点解析(一)

英语语法重点和难点解析（一）

一、你能理解这个if not, not. 吗

If the weather is fine, we will go. If ______, ______.

A. not, not

B. no, no

C. not, no

D. no, not

此题应选A。这是一个省略句, 若补充完整应该是：

If the weather is fine, we will go. If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 如果天气好, 我们就去, 若天气不好, 我们就不去。

该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定, 后句为否定, 为了简洁起见, 将后句与前句相同部分省略, 只保留否定词not。类似的例子(只保留否定词not)如：

1. —Can you repair it yourself? 你自己会修吗?

—I am afraid not. 恐怕不行。

(=I am afraid I can’t repair it myself. )

2. —Did you know anything about it? 这事你以前知道吗?

—Not until you told me. 你告诉我才知道。

(=I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. )

3. —Will it rain today? 今天会下雨吗?

—I hope not. 希望不会。

(=I hope it will not rain today. )

二、由连词if构成的省略

The books are well written and well printed. There are few, if ______, mistakes in it.

A. any

B. some

C. other

D. another

此题应选A。这是一个省略句, 句中的if any＝if there are any(如果有任何错误的话)。

下面是一些由连词if构成的省略实例：

1. There is very little water, if any. 即使有水也不多了。

(if any=if there is any water)

2. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, if necessary. 在必要的地方填上a, an, the。

(if necessary=if it is necessary)

3. Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish you would go with me. 你今天下午忙吗?要是不忙, 我想请你同我一起去。

(if not=if you are not busy)

4. If possible, I should like to have two copies of it. 可能的话我希望有两本。

(if possible=if it is possible)

5. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. 要是管理不善, 灌溉还可能会有害。

(if not well managed=if it’s not well managed)

6. If convenient to you I will come to see you this evening. 要是你方便的话, 我今晚来看你。(if convenient to you=if it is convenient to you)

三、如何理解这个if not better than

Jim plays football as well as, if ______ than, Mike.

A. no better

B. not better

C. no good

D. not good

此题应选B。容易误选A。这是一个省略句, 其中的if not better than＝if he doesn’t play football better than。全句意为：吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好, 至少也是一样好。

请做以下类似试题：

1. Her pronunciation is as good as, if _____ than, her teacher’s.

A. no better

B. not better

C. no good

D. not good

2. This bridge is as strong as, if _____ than, that one.

A. no stronger

B. not stronger

C. no strong

D. not strong

3. In that business, he earned as much as, if _____than, $40000.

A. no more

B. not more

C. no much

D. not much

4. He has been to Guilin as many as, if_____ than, ten times.

A. no more

B. not more

C. no much

D. not much

答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B

四、如何理解这个the poor poorer

In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and ______.

A. the poor the poor

B. poor poor

C. the poor poorer

D. poorer the poor

此题应选C。这是一个省略句, 若补充完整应为：

In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and the poor are becoming poorer. 在有些西方国家, 富人变得更富, 而穷人则变得更穷。

前后两句谓语相同, 后句承前省略。类似的有：

1. I am a teacher and my sister a nurse. 我是老师我姐姐是护士。

(...my sister a nurse=...my sister is a nurse)

2. John won the first race and Mick the second. 约翰赢了第一场比赛, 米克赢了第二场比赛。(...and Mick the second = ...and Mick won the second race)

3. In the accident the son was wounded, but the mother killed. 在事故中, 儿子受伤, 母亲丧命。

(...but the mother killed=...but the mother was killed)

有时若后句的主语和宾语等与前句相同, 则可一起省去：