大学英语说明文 1

Examples
Expressions but although however nevertheless in spite of Examples High level positions are stressful at times，but professionals can learn to manage their stress levels. Although high level positions are stressful at times，professionals can learn to manage their stress levels． High level positions are stressful at times; However, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels. High level positions are stressful at time; nevertheless, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels. In spite of the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels. While high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. High level positions are stressful at times; in contrast, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. High level positions are stressful at times; on the other hand, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Unlike the undesirable stress of high level positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.
If you are figuring out the differences, you are making a contrast of these two pictures.
What’s comparison?

The process of examining two or more things in order to establish their similarities.
Sentence Patterns
① The similarity between A and B lies in … ② A is similar to B in … ③ A has something/many features in common with B ④ A is the same as B ⑤ A and B share similar …
Diagram
Thesis
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Subject Subject Subject Subject Subject Subject A B A B A B
Sample Outline
I. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. II. Support for study A. College B. High school III. Study environment A. College B. High school IV. Word load A. College B. High school V. Conclusion
similarly
similar to like
Examples High level positions are stressful，and can be harmful to your health too. Just as high level positions are stressful，they can be harmful to your health. High level positions are stressful at times; similarly, they can be harmful to stressful at times. Similar to other important professions，high level business positions are stressful at times．
Structure

Introduction
~ thesis

Body
~ topic sentence + supporting details ~ from general to particular

Conclusion
Methods of Development

Illustration （举例） Division & Classification （分类）


Comparison & Contrast （比较和对比）
Causes & Effects （因果分析） Definition （下定义）


Comparison and Contrast



Definitions Purposes Pa源自文库terns Transitions Practice
Like many cities in Germany，it had to recreate itself after World War II． in comparison with Is human heart weaker in comparison with the other organs? This weapon could only be used against cities．Likewise the atom likewise bomb． in the same way
Exposition (说明文)

Definition Structure Methods of Development
4
Definition


Exposition is the writing that explains. It often answers the questions how and why. Its purpose is to present ideas and to make it as clear as possible. The process of making a machine; The causes of a phenomenon; The planning of a project; The solution of a problem
Which Pattern to Choose

subject-by-subject pattern: 整体比较 a. In short essays b. A few aspects are considered. c. The writer’s interest is in the whole.
orange in color
rough skin grow best in warm climate
Purposes



To explain something which is unfamiliar to the reader. To show the superiority of one thing over another. To understand two or more things more clearly and make judgments about them.
apples and oranges
• They are both round fruits. • Both can be made into healthy juice. • Both grow on trees. • You have to peel both of them.
What’s comparison?

Teaching Procedures
I. Introduction (1period)
* Exposition * Comparison and Contrast II. Professional Reading (0.5 period) * Text B American Family Life : The Changing Picture III. Essay Writing (0.5 period) * Title: Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life

point-by-point pattern：逐点比较
a. In long essays b. Many aspects are mentioned.
c. Release the burden on readers’ memory.
Common words and phrases of comparison
Section 4
In this section, you will:
first review the type of writing: exposition learn about a writing skill: comparison and contrast read Text B in Unit 3 and discuss its writing strategy learn to use comparison and contrast in essay writing
Two Patterns of Development
Subject by Subject (block/one side at a time) 整体分析 Point by Point (alternating) 逐点分析

Diagram
Thesis
Subject A
Subject B
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Sample Outline
I. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. II. College A. Self-directed study B. Campus environment C. Heavy course load III. High school A. More in-class time for study B. Fewer distractions at home C. Lighter course load IV. Conclusion
Common words and phrases of contrast
unlike on the other hand in contrast to on the contrary but，yet，although however ，nevertheless whereas，while conversely in spite of differ from，be different from
Like the same as similarly in the same manner in common in comparison with resemble compare with compared with
Examples
Expressions
and …too
Just as
There is no reason why a gifted aircraft designer should also be a capable pilot. In the same way．a brilliant pilot can be a menace behind the wheel of a car.

The process of examining two or more things in order to establish their differences.
Contrast
apples oranges
red or green in color
smooth skin grow best in cool climate
Please look at the following two pictures. What have you seen?
If you are figuring out the similarities, you are making a comparison of these two pictures.