西南财经大学考博英语真题2011答案解析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：91
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题You’ll have to change your （）of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.formB.moldC.moodD.mode【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。
form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode 意为“方式，风格，样式”。
由change your ____ of life（改变你的生活____）可知D选项最符合逻辑，mode of life表示“生活方式”。
句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。
2.单选题There are several possible explanations for the great job （）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。
creativity创造性；security安全性；credibility确实性；stability稳定性。
句意：与美国巨大的工作流动性相比，日本的工作稳定性高是有一些合理的解释的。
根据下文的mobility 可推测，两者形成对比，所以选项D正确。
3.单选题When making modern cameras people began to （）plastics for metal.问题1选项A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
surround “包围”；substance “物质；实质”；stretch “伸展，拉紧”；substitute “替代，代替”。
【最新】2011年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in theTimes, calls him “a n unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that diffe rence? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in r evitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira tions. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managerscautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities tolearn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in theirlives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every wee k of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a littl e bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, manyhumanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kn owledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and crit icize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Alle n’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now webecome authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explai n it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：85
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be （）to work hard, with the result that tax revenues might actually shrink问题1选项A.cultivatedB.licensedC.motivatedD.innovated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。
句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题The secretary （）the foreign minister of an interview he was to give that afternoon.问题1选项A.remindedB.reassuredC.consultedD.insured【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
remind意为“提醒，使想起”，remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”；reassure意为“使……安心，打消……的疑虑”；consult意为“商议，商量”；insure意为“保证”。
句意：秘书提醒外交部长那天下午他要进行一次采访。
3.单选题I have searched all the book stores in this town. The book you asked for is not （）. 问题1选项A.tediousB.vividC.availableD.sufficient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
tedious意为“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”；vivid意为“生动的，逼真的”；available意为“可找到的，可购得的，可获得的”；sufficient意为“足够的，充足的”。
西南财经大学考博英语真题2010答案解析
西南财经大学考博英语真题2010答案解析PartⅠV ocabulary1.A 译文：英国和法国即将举行会议商讨欧洲经济问题。
解析：固定搭配，hold a conference 举行会议，磋商。
2.C 译文：在电话中听到了儿子的声音时，她所有的恐惧和担忧便消失了。
解析：retire退休，离开；relay转播，接替；dissipate驱散，消散；tighten紧绷。
3.A 译文：新生训练营给即将来的学生提供了了解他们的新环境和新地方的机会。
解析：固定搭配，freshman orientation 入学教育，新生训练营。
Acquaintance熟人；directory目录；dictation命令，口述。
4.C 译文：每周都会有一次会议，会议鼓励工人将他们的不满报告给经理。
解析：annoyance烦恼，生气；disadvantage缺点，不利条件；grievance不满，不平，委屈；criticism批评，苛求。
5.D 译文：老师对这个学生在处理电脑时的才能感到惊讶。
解析：verse诗篇；version版本；variability变化性；versatility对才多艺，才能多。
6.D 译文：她的信写得很潦草，字迹又不清楚，几乎难以辨认。
解析：unintelligible莫名其妙的，无法了解的；vague含糊的，模糊的；ambiguous模棱两可的；illegible难辨认的，难读的。
7.A 译文：当第二天早上我走进餐厅时，发现前一天晚上的剩菜还放在桌上。
解析：虽然四个词都有“剩余，遗留下的”意思，但只有A ―remains ―可以表示“剩饭，剩菜”的意思。
8.A 译文：我们应该订阅那本新杂志。
解析：固定搭配，get a subscription to 订购，订阅。
prescription药方，处方；inscription 刻印；conscription征用，征兵。
9.C 译文：我希望改变我的研究生学习的专业，因为我了解到清华的计算机专业的竞争的激烈性。
西南大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
西南大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly,courteous,and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair,this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are,of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials,rude waiters,and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another.Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion,and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.It reflected the harshness of daily life:if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would.And someday,remember,you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specializein helping the weary traveler.Yet,the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US,especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.I was just traveling through,got talking with this American,and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing.Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon,but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial,but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.And,of course,speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns.Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.For example,when an American uses the word friend,the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.Yet,being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world,________.（A）rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US（B）small-minded officials deserve a serious comment（C）Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors（D）most Americans are ready to offer help56.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that________.（A）culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship （B）courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated （C）various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends （D）social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.（A）to improve their hard life（B）in view of their long-distance travel（C）to add some flavor to their own daily life（D）out of a charitable impulse58.The tradition of hospitality to strangers________.（A）tends to be superficial and artificial（B）is generally well kept up in the United States（C）is always understood properly（D）has something to do with the busy tourist trails答案及试题解析55.（D）意为：大部分美国人乐于助人。
2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.A number of______clients have expressed their interest in our business.A.possibleB.potentialC.originalD.relevant【答案】B【解析】potential潜在的。
possible可能的，可以接受的。
original最初的，原始的。
relevant有关系的。
2.I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously______.A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【解析】pay off回报，成功。
take its toll造成损失。
make a difference有很大不同。
showup露面。
3.Based on the______that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market.I would predict a marked improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.A.guidanceB.instructionC.premiseD.quantity【答案】C【解析】on the premise that在…的前提下。
MBA英语真题及答案详解(0000)
2011年MBA全国考试英语真题和解读Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that w ould require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden”n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transacti on runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach。
08、09年西南大学考博英语真题答案
第1套西南大学2011年博士研究生入学考试英语参考答案Part I1—5 BBCAC 6—10 AACAC 11—15 BBDBB 16—20 ACAAAPart II21—25 AABBD 26—30 CDDBA 31—35 DCBCC36—40 ACCAB 41—45 BCCDC 46—50 BDCABPart III51—55 DCDAC 56—60 CBCDC 61—65 ABABA 66—70 BBBADPart IV对初入职场的年轻人来说，位居次要是大有好处的。
匹斯堡杰出的企业家中有许多人在职业生涯开始时都谦卑从事，认为这才是成功的保证。
他们拿起扫把，用职业生涯的第一个小时来打扫办公室。
我注意到现在办公室都配备有清洁员，所以很不幸，我们的年轻人就错过了职业教育很有益处的一部分。
但是如果碰到有那么一个早晨，专职清洁员没有来上班，那么未来很有经商天赋的男孩会毫不犹豫的拿起扫把，经受锻炼。
如果有必要的话，打扫一下办公室对新人并不是一件坏事。
我就曾是这些“清洁员”中的一份子。
Part VThe life-long benefits of teaching children good money habits make it well worth the effort. Children who are not taught these lessons pay the consequences for a life-time. Some parents don’t teach children about money because they think they shouldn’t talk about money with children, don’t have the time, or think they don’t have enough money. Parents should take the time to teach children about money regardless of their income and should start when children are young.Most people have strong feelings and opinions about money, based on childhood experiences and the values and beliefs of their families. Most often, theses experiences, values, and beliefs are different for each parent. it is vital for the healthy development of children that parents talk about these feelings and opinions and establish a consistent approach to teaching children about money.Part VI (略)西南大学2010年博士研究生入学考试英语参考答案Part I1—5 BDDCA 6—10 BDBCC 11—15 ACCDC 16—20 ADBCBPart II21—25 DBCDA 26—30 BADAD 31—35ADABC36—40 CDBCA 41—45 CBDAD 46—50 ACDBAPart III51—55 DACAA 56—60 BDBDC 61—65 BDDCA 66—70 DCADAPart IV因为书籍有小说类，传记类，诗歌类，我们应区别地充分地使用它们，这说起来简单。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The apartment was______at $20,000 and its owner was happy about that. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)A．assaultedB．assessedC．assertedD．avenged正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：assaulted攻击，突袭；assessed评价，估值；asserted断言，宣称；avenged报仇，复仇。
根据句子意思可知，正确答案是B 选项。
如：The lawyers assessed the property at $35,000(律师们估计这笔财产价值35000美元。
)2．It is too early to ______ the effect of the new measure.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．administerB．assessC．elevateD．contribute正确答案：B解析：本题意为“评价新措施的影响为时尚早”。
B项的“assess评价，评估”符合题意，如：Damages were assessed at 1,000RMB．(损失估计达1 000元人民币。
)其他三项“administer管理，支配，执行；elevate抬起，使升高；contribute捐献，投稿”都不正确。
3．The nurse ______ the doctor in the operation room.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)A．insistedB．resistedC．assistedD．persisted正确答案：C解析：本题是说护士在手术室帮助医生。
C项的assisted(帮助)符合题意。
其他三项“insisted坚持；resisted反抗：persisted坚持”都不正确。
2006年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.“Have you any______plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?”A.decisiveB.exactC.preciseD.definite【答案】D【解析】句意：既然已经完成了你的本科学习，你对自己的将来有没有确切的计划？definite明确的，确切的。
decisive决定性的。
exact精确的，精密的。
precise精确的，准确的。
2.By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles,we can______the surroundings.A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitD.expand【答案】A【解析】句意：通过圆周缓慢移动雷达束，我们能够探测周围的环境。
explore探测，探究。
expose揭露，暴露。
exploit开采，剥削。
expand使膨胀，扩张。
3.I am confident that I’ll prove to be a tremendous______to your company.A.possessionB.assetC.propertyD.assumption【答案】B【解析】句意：我很有信心会成为贵公司的骨干。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第11期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We must get the trapped victims out at once because the building is in （）danger of an explosion.问题1选项A.opaqueB.vividC.muteD.imminent【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。
opaque不透明的，迟钝的；vivid生动的；mute沉默的，无声的；imminent即将来临的，迫近的。
句意：我们必须立即把被困的受害者救出来，因为这个建筑有马上要爆炸的危险。
所以选项D正确。
2.单选题This ticket （）you to a free boat tour on the lake.问题1选项A.entitlesB.appointsC.grantsD.credits 【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。
entitle给某人权利或资格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允许；credit信任，归功于。
句意：这张票使你有资格免费在湖上乘船游览。
选项A符合句意。
3.单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （）on what he promises.问题1选项A.assuranceB.probabilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
assurance “保证，担保”；probability“可能性，机率”；reliance“信赖，信心”；conformity“遵守，适合，符合”。
句意：我老板已经让我失望太多次，我不会再对他的承诺抱任何希望。
选项C符合题意。
4.单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。
西南交大2011年考博英语真题
西南交大2011年考博英语真题试题代码： 1001 2011年春季博士研究生英语入学考试（A）考生请注意：1.本试题共5大题，共15页，请考生注意检查；2.答题时，请直接将答题内容写在我校提供的答题纸上；答在试卷上一律无效。
3.本试题不得拆散，拆散后遗失后果自负。
Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each):Direction: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.1. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because______.[A] personal health choices help cure most illnesses[B] it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge[C] it is essential to personal freedom in American society[D] wrong decisions could lead to poor health2. To“live a completely sedentary life-style”(Para.1) most probably means______.[A] to“live an inactive life”[B] to“live a decent life”[C] to“live a life with complete freedom”[D] to“live a life of vice”3. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because______.[A] current medical knowledge is still insufficient[B] there are many factors influencing our decisions[C] few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life[D] people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends4. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to______.[A] improving the quality of one's life[B] limiting one's personal health choice[C] deliberately ending one's life[D] breaking the rules of social behavior5. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choice should be based on______.[A] personal decisions[B] society' s laws[C] statistical evidence ‘[D] friend s’ opinionsPassage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites you've visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fa ct, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’simportant to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”.When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me."But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get theirhands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon.But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health; when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.6. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked”(Lines 3, Para .2)[A] People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.[B] In the 21st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.[C] People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.[D] Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.7. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?[A] Friends should open their hearts to each other.[B] Friends should always be faithful to each other.[C] There should be a distance even between friends.[D] There should be fewer disputes between friends.8. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret" (Line 5,Para. 3)?[A] Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.[B] People leave traces around when using modern technology.[C] There are always people who are curious about others' affairs.[D] Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities.9. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?[A] They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.[B] They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.[C] They rely more and more on electronic devices.[D] They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.10. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that______.[A] people will make every effort to keep it[B] its importance is rarely understood[C] it is something that can easily be lost[D] people don’t cherish it until they lose itPassage ThreeSociologists and anthropologists who study prejudice emphasize sociocultural factors, examining the impact of society on the individual’s prejudice. For instance, the sociocultural approach suggests that such factors as the increasing urbanization and complexity of society, increasing population density, and the competition for scarce jobs between members of various ethnic groups operate in various ways to increase prejudice toward minority groups.Consider the specific example of increasing urbanization. Cities represent environments which are less than ideal in many respects; they are perceived by many as noisy, dirty, unsafe, and impersonal. According to some sociologists, people can blame the difficulties of urban life on the presence of a particular minority group, which is seen as symbolizing the problems of urbanization. In some cities today, for example, blacks and Puerto Ricans are blamed for the ills of the city; in the past it was the Jews; and before them, the Irish and members of earlier immigrant groups.Similar reasoning suggests that in times of high unemployment in which there is competition for few available jobs, prejudice will be directed toward members of minority groups whom majority group members believe are taking jobs away from them. This is particularly true in cases in which affirmative action goals require that certain minority groups be given extra consideration in hiring or in admission to educationalprograms. It would not be unreasonable to assume that societal factors such as these would ultimately increase prejudice on the part of people who feel they are being denied a resource that is "rightfully" theirs.One difficulty with the historical and sociocultural approaches to prejudice is that they do not explain why certain groups are more discriminated against than others, when almost all minority groups have suffered from exploitation at some point in the past. Moreover, prejudice exists when there are few historical, cultural, or economic reasons that can be identified. Still, it is clear that historical and sociocultural considerations must be taken into account when studying prejudice, as they provide at least part of the explanation for prejudice.11. We may infer that the author most probably discusses ______ in the previous paragraphs.[A] specific targets of prejudice[B] historical approaches to prejudice[C] political approaches to prejudice[D] racial discrimination12. Which of the following respects has NOT been mentioned in discussing prejudice?[A] Urban unemployment.[B] Urban population density.[C] Urban environmental protection.[D] Urban competition for jobs.13. According to the second paragraph, ______.[A] certain minority groups have always been criticized by majorities in the cities[B] Jews and Blacks are now often blamed as troublemakers in some cities[C] the problem of urbanization is caused by minority groups[D] urban life is noisy, dirty, and impersonal14. It is implied that if two people of equal ability, one is white, another is a member of a certainminority group, apply for a job, what most probably happen?[A] The white is more likely to be hired.[B] The white is more likely to be denied.[C] The white will give up the application.[D] The white will fly into fury.15. Which of the following phenomena concerning prejudice does NOT belong to socioculturalfactor?[A] The urbanization is on the fast track.[B] The population increases at a fast rate.[C] The competition for scarce job between members of various ethnic groups becomesfierce.[D] Some minority groups are more prejudiced than others.Passage FourDogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just aboutany problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.16. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to______.[A] worsen in modem society [B] occur when they go wild[C] be just part of their nature [D] present a threat to the community17. The primary purpose of obedience training is to______.[A] teach the dog to perform clever tricks[B] enable the dog to regain its normal behavior[C] make the dog aware of its owner's authority[D] provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior18. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is______.[A] an extreme measure in obedience training[B] a good way to teach the dog new tricks[C] the foundation for dogs to perform tasks[D] essential to solving the dog's behavior problems19. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?[A] To show their willingness to obey.[B] To show their affection for their masters.[C] To avoid being punished.[D] To win leadership of the dog pack.20. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner______.[A] will enjoy a better family life[B] can give the dog more freedom[C] can give the dog more rewards[D] will have more confidence in himselfPassage FiveEducators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker sai d the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of theindividuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduce by persuading the dropout to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.”“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not sup port these opinions.”(1) Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.(2) Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels ofability or their specialties.(3) Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for noncompletion of their Ph. D. program，lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D.’s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D.'s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50%for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the factthat top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D.’s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.21. The author states that many educators feel that[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout[D] the high dropout rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part offaculty members.22. Research has shown that[A] dropouts arc substantially below Ph. D.’s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.[C] the Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn thedegree.23. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.24. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D, dropouts to return to their pursuit of thedegree.[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.[D] Ph. D.’s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.25. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in[A] salary for Ph. D. too low. [B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high. [D] 1,000 positions.Passage SixA folk culture is a small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected toperform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade, and a subsistenceeconomy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the Unite States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-American is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor-saving devices of the Industrial age. In Amish areas, horse-drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device, and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish's central religious concept of Demut, “humility”, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social classes so typical of folk cultures, and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a pronounced division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, “popular” may be viewed as clearly different from “folk’’.The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produce, is easier or time-saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] Two decades in modern society.[B] The influence of industrial technology.[C] The characteristics of "folk" and “popular" societies.[D] The specialization of labor in Canada and the United27. Which of the following is typical of folk cultures?[A] There is a money-based economy.[B] Social change occurs slowly.[C] Contact with other cultures is encouraged.[D] Each person develops one specialized skill.28. What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?[A] They value folk cultures.[B] They have popular cultures.[C] They have no social classes.[D] They do not value individualism.29. What is the main source of order in Amish society?[A] The government. [B] The clan structure.[C] The economy. [D] The religion.30. What of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the passage support?[A] Various religious practices are tolerated.[B] Individualism and competition are important.[C] Pre-modem technology is preferred.[D] People are defined according to their class.Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)31. They___ so tired if they___ for a whole day.[A] wouldn't feel, didn't walk [B] wouldn't feel, weren’t walking[C] wouldn't be feeling, weren't walking [D] wouldn't be feeling, hadn't been walking32. Nobody came to see me while 1 was out,___？[A] did they [B] didn't they[C] did she [D] didn't she33. We enjoyed the holiday___ the expense.[A] except [B] except for[C] besides [D] in addition to34. I hope you___ all the material before you make the final decision.[A] will have read [B] will be read[C] will be reading [D] would have read35. It would be wrong___that factor.[A] to not consider [B] not to consider[C] to consider not [D] to be considering36. The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for threehours___last night[A] at length [B] in full[C] on end [D] in time37. The detective story might not be___ interesting to keep the child awake,[A] enough [B] adequately[C] amply ? [D] sufficiently38. The ____from the airport was really tiring because it was situated far from the city.[A] flight [B] travel[C] crossing [D] journey39. Did you notice the____ on the doctor's face when he heard that Kino had found the pearl ofthe world.[A] appearance [B] expression[C] description [D] look40. Dr. Meek wrote: “As is true with most animals, the wolf is an opportunist whilst the deer isone of the shyest___ animals in existence.”[A] savage [B] tame[C] wild [D] strange41. The conference___ a full week by the time it ends.[A] must have lasted [B] will have lasted[C] would last [D] has lasted42. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island atregular___.[A] gaps [B] rate[C] length [D] intervals43. The new appointment of our president___ from the very beginning of nest semester.[A] takes effect [B] takes part[C] takes place [D] takes turns44. The president made a___ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, whichencouraged the sportsmen greatly.[A] vigorous [B] tedious[C] flat [D] harsh 、45. It is not easy to learn English well but if you___, you will succeed in the end.[A] hang up [B] hang about[C]hang on [D] hang onto46. The current general slackness of the market has prevented us from___ new orders with you.[A] placing [B] putting[C] arranging [D] providing47. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and___ people continued to improve.[A] remote [B] municipal[C] rural [D] provincial48. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women ___this field isclimbing.[A] engaging [B] devoting[C] registering [D] pursuing49. It was felt that he lacked the___ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.[A] petition [B] engagement[C] commitment [D] qualification50. If you know what the trouble, why don't you help them to___ the situation?[A] simplify [B] modify[C] verify [D] rectifyIII. Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)One might predict that the easiest and fastest adjustment would be made by the flexible, tolerant person who had chosen to come to the new country and who had a job. Additionally, 5 1 , would be easier for someone whose culture and language are 5 2 to those of the new country. 5 3 , a person who has a lot of support 5 4 friends and family would probably adjust more quickly. Undoubtedly, in many 5 5 , these would be good predictors of a relatively smooth adjustment. However, sometimes there are surprises in peopl e’s cultural 5 6 to a new country.Some newcomers 5 7 a society do well in their first year ofcultural adjustment. 5 8 , they may have a more difficult time later. Perhaps they expected the second year to be 5 9 easy and successful as the first year, but are not prepared to deal with obstacles 6 0 arise during the second year. 6 1 who had problems from the beginning may 6 2 find the second year easier 6 3 they are used to solving problems. They expect difficulties and aren't surprised by them.There is yet another unpredictable variable in cultural adjustment Sometimes people come to a second 6 4 speaking the new language very well, but still do not have an easy adjustment. The newcomers think 6 5 because they have a good 6 6 of the language, they will not have much difficulty. 6 7 , if people think that the new country is very similarto their country of origin 6 8 , in fact, it is not, they may actually adapt more slowly. This is because the newcomers only imagine the similarity between the two cultures. Therefore they may 6 9 that differences exist. Cultural differences do not 7 0 , of course, just because a person denies that they exist51. [A] prediction [B] adjustment [C] adaptability [D] expectation52. [A] similar [B] new [C] superior [D] inferior53. [A] Particularly [B] Personally [C] Sometimes [D] Finally54. [A] from [B] in [C] of [D] on55. [A] occasions [B] cases [C] places [D] parts56. [A]adoption [B]application [C] adaptation [D]subjection57. [A] in [B]of [C]to [D] from58. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Hence [D] Actually59. [A] so [B] as [C] more [D] very60. [A] when [B] of which [C] what [D] that61. [A] Those [B] Any [C] That [D]Some62. [A] really [B] always [C] typically [D] actually63. [A] when [B] what [C] because [D] due64. [A] culture [B] school [C] location [D] city65. [A] what [B] that [C] this [D]which66. [A] seize [B] grasp [C] snatch [D] thinking67. [A] However [B] In general [C] In fact [D] In addition68. [A] which [B] where [C] when [D] that69. [A] refuse [B] ignore [C] deny [D] neglect70. [A] go away [B] go off [C] get away [D] get offIV. Translation (30%):Part A (20%):Translate the following passage into Chinese:Some old people are troubled by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows and has done whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat ignoble. The best way to overcome it — so at least it seems to me ----is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly part of the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grow wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become part of the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.Part B (10%):.Translate the following sentences into English:。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a______, or there will be no tickets. (2003年上海交通大学考博试题)A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说你得预定。
A项的“reservation预约，预定”符合题意。
2．One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.(2003年电子科技大学考博试题)A．residentsB．petsC．intimatesD．creatures正确答案：A解析：本题中，inhabitant的意思是“居民”。
四个选项中，residents的意思是“居民”，如：City residents complain that migrant workers have threatened to take already scarge urban jobs．(城市居民抱怨民工威胁着本来已很紧张的城市就业机会。
)pets的意思是“宠物”；intimates的意思是“亲密伙伴”；creatures的意思是“人，动物，傀儡”。
只有A项符合题意。
3．They seized Belgrade, though only after having encountered a stubborn______.A．resistanceB．oppositionC．challengeD．attack正确答案：A解析：resistance(to)n．抵抗，反抗，抵制：抵抗力；阻力．电阻(如：There has been much resistance to the new law．Copper has less resistance to electricity than many other metals．)。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To be （）with you, I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to cooperate.问题1选项A.frankB.pertinentdD.vivid【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
to be frank为固定搭配，意为“老实说，坦率地说”。
句意：坦率地跟你说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。
选项A正确。
2.翻译题环境与我们的生存息息相关。
越来越严重的环境污染影响了我们的生活，我们理当应该更加重视环境保护问题。
近年来，由于车辆和工厂不断增加，空气和生活品质也不断恶化。
此外，许多人缺乏公德心，乱丢垃圾，以致污染了湖泊和河流。
更重要的是，农民大量使用化学药物使食物中毒事件一再发生。
长此下去，我们将呼吸不到新鲜的空气，喝不到纯净的水，吃不到营养的食物了。
正因为问题很严重，环境污染受到了各个国家政府的关注。
就拿中国政府为例，2001年，全国环境污染治理投资为1106.6亿元，比上年增加4.3%，人民也会公开谈论政府对于环境污染的新举措。
总的来说，环境污染加剧的情况得到了一些控制。
毕竟，我们只有一个地球可以居住，保护环境非常重要。
我们主张严格控制环境以保护环境。
同时，不仅仅是政府，每一个人，不管你住在哪里，都应该尽力保护环境。
以免其恶化。
【答案】The existence of humans is directly bound with the environment in which we live. We should pay more attention to environmental protection because of the influence of more and more serious environmental pollution on our living.In recent years, with the increasing number of cars and factories, the quality of air and living is worsening. In addition, lacking of social morality, some people litter rubbish at will, which contaminates lakes and rivers. What’s worse, farmer’s overusing chemical drugs lead to repeated incidents of food poisoning. If the situation goes on like this, we won’t have fresh air to breathe, pure water to drink, or nourishing food to eat.Different governments attach great importance on environmental pollution due to the severity of the situation. Take Chinese government as an example, in 2011, the investment for environmental pollution treatment come to 110.66 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3 percent compared with the previous year. And people talked openly about the government’s new measures against environmental pollution. In short, the tendency to worsening environmental pollution has been controlled.After all, there is only one earth. It is very important to protect environment. We advocate strict control of pollution to protect environment. Meanwhile, everyone, besides the government, no matter where you are, should try one’s best to prevent the environment from deteriorating.3.单选题It was a wonderful occasion which we will （）for many years to come.问题1选项A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：32
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There is no （）to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.avenueC.exposureD.edge【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。
access通道；avenue林荫大道；exposure暴露；edge边缘。
句意：从大路没有通道通往这个房子。
选项A符合句意。
2.单选题Neglect has accelerated the process of this building’s （）?问题1选项A.declineB.egenerationC.decayD.wither 【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。
decline下降，衰退；degeneration退化，恶化；decay衰减，衰败，腐烂；wither 枯萎，凋谢。
句意：疏忽大意加速了这座建筑物的衰败。
选项C更符合语境。
3.单选题Do you want fly first or （） class?问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。
economical class “经济舱”。
选项B符合题意。
4.单选题（）students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.问题1选项A.ProspectiveB.ResponsibleC.EthnicD.Realistic【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。
Prospective未来的，预期的；Responsible负责的，可靠的；Ethnic种族的；Realistic现实的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：10
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）, there’s a good reason for her absence, as she doesn’t usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。
ideally “理想地”；principally “主要地”；presumably “大概”；originally “原始地”。
句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题What she achieved in her research might （）what she had been expecting.问题1选项A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend 【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
exceed“超过，胜过”；exclaim“大声说出”；excess “超过”，名词；extend“延伸，扩大”。
句意：她在研究中的收获可能超过她的预期。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one （）the other.问题1选项A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。
emphasize强调；reinforce加强，加固；multiply增加；increase增强，提高。
句意：相同的因素推动工资和物价同时上涨，二者相互促进。
这里指由于相互促进而增强，所以选项B最为恰当。
4.单选题He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he （）us that he would try as hard as possible.问题1选项A.insuredB.guaranteedC.assumedD.assured【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：86
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The committee will consider whether or not Mr. Wilson has been （）serious professional misconduct.问题1选项A.wary ofB.guilty ofC.confronted withD.reduced to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
wary of意为“谨防的，小心翼翼的”；guilty of意为“有罪”；confront with 意为“面对，面临”；reduce to意为“减少至”。
由serious professional misconduct（严重的失职）可知选B。
句意：委员会将考虑威尔逊先生是否犯了严重的失职罪。
2.翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketing——whether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field----in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketing—in sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas. What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in today’s competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine people’s needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。
MBA英语真题
2011年MBA英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B,C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe“neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2．A.for B.within C.while D.though3．A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4．A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5 rmation． B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6．A.by B.i nto C.from D.over7．A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9．A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11．A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12．A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13．A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced来源:考试大- Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’scompensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their weal th and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed tobe .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade c ommission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By say ing “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probablybecause .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a beliefthat less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet anotherhomegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life –few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected theAmericans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominantpowers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary，Andrew Lansley，who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools，restrict advertising of products high in fat，salt or sugar，and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson ，president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health，said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, aslt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas." If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Porfessor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "if children are taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.A. "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald’s41. Andrew Lansley held that B. The government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42. Terence Stephenson agreed that C. "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that D. cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet44. Dinesh Bhugra suggested that E. The producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign.45. A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that F. parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.G. the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.答案英完1（swept）2（while）3（lawless）4（proposal）5（equivalent）6（i nto）7（linked）8（create）9（select）10（issued）11（log in）12（In effect）13（trusted）14（confidence）15（on）16（divided）17（eventually）18（skepticism）19（vulnerable）20（forced）阅21（gaining ）22（share ）23（do less ）24（may stay）25（positive）26（were in）27（newspapers）28（are less dependent ）29（Completeness ）30（Struggling for Survival）31(pride)32(Most )33(was not )34(Theyhared)35(Natural )36(even )37(disagree)38(stricter)39(poor )40(hopeful)配伍题41(Andrew L+The producers)42(Terence+cigarette)43(Jamie+lecturing)44(Dinesh+The government )45(A Department+the government)。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Susan has （）the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。
句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （）as if he doesn't know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。
句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。
选项B符合题意。
3.单选题When his contract was （）unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.问题1选项A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
accomplish “完成，实现，达到”；expire “期满；终止”；fulfill “履行，实现，满足”；terminate “终止，结束”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：51
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He is （）about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.问题1选项A.obviousB.optionalC.outstandingD.optimistic【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。
obvious明显的，平淡无奇的；optional可选择的，随意的；outstanding杰出的，显著的；optimistic乐观的。
句意：对于在明年奥运会上赢得金牌的机会，他持乐观的态度。
选项D符合语境。
2.单选题Is it true that the company is going bankrupt? I didn’t mean to eavesdrop what you said. I just （）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked 【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。
overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。
句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意中听到的。
选项C符合语境。
3.单选题Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to （）.问题1选项A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。
credit信任，归功于；defend辩护，防守；modify修改；define定义。
句意：民主政府这个词众所周知的难以定义。
选项D符合句意。
4.翻译题一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
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西南财经大学考博英语真题2011答案解析PartⅠV ocabulary1.A 译文：从主干道不能进他们的屋子。
解析：固定词组，access to 进入，通往…的道路。
2.B 译文：每年尼亚加拉大瀑布观光胜地吸引着不计其数的人前去。
解析：tourist attraction观光胜地；attention注意力；appointment约定，任命；arrangement 布置，整理。
3.C 译文：每年迪士尼要替换掉差不多8000棵草木，因为迪士尼不愿意张贴禁止游客踩踏草木的标语。
解析：put down放下，记下；put out熄灭，出版；put up张贴；put off推迟。
4.B 译文：整个世界的犯罪数量在增加，我们有理由相信接下来的十年内这种趋势会继续。
解析：emergency紧急情况；trend趋势；pace步速；schedule计划。
5.C 译文：路上的大洞阻碍了交通。
解析：set back推迟，使受挫；stand back退后；hold up 阻挡，阻碍；keep down控制，镇压。
6.A 译文：我们的一贯政策是通过和平手段求团结。
解析：固定短语，consistent policy 一贯的政策；continuous连续的，持续的；considerate 体贴的；continual频繁的。
7.D 译文：如果这种鱼变得供不应求，后代就可能再也尝不到这种鱼了。
解析：固定词组，become scarce 供不应求；minimum最小的；short不足的；seldom 难得，不常；scarce不足的，缺少的。
8.B 译文：希望、目标、恐惧和渴望在男女之间、贫富之间变化很大。
解析：固定搭配，vary widely大相径庭，变化很大。
9.C 译文：农业是人类进步的一步，因为在机器时代之前没有任何事物可以与之相比。
解析：固定词组，be comparable to 比得上；10.B 译文：在中国家庭中，祖父母和其他的亲戚在教育孩子的过程中有着不可或缺的作用。
解析：incapable无能力的；indispensable不可缺少的；insensible无知觉的；infinite无限的。
11.A 译文：飞机引擎的轰鸣声宣告着即将迫近的空袭。
解析：roar轰鸣声；exclamation感叹，惊叫；whistle鸣汽笛，吹口哨；scream尖叫声。
12.A 译文：以前让病人感到精疲力竭和需要长期的恢复的手续现在让人们很轻松很舒服。
解析：exhausted疲惫的，精疲力竭的；abandoned被抛弃的；injured 受伤的；deserted 荒芜的。
13.D 译文：我刚要划火柴时便想起了汤姆的警告。
解析：固定词组，strike a match 划火柴。
14.C 译文：你不应该在空白处写东西，因为这本书属于图书馆。
解析：interval 间隔，间距；border 边境；margin页边的空白；edge边缘。
15.A 译文：他非常确信他绝对不可能在两天之内完成任务。
解析：absolutely 绝对地；exclusively专有地；fully充分地；roughly概略地。
16.D 译文：有些疾病是由一些水产动物传播的。
解析：transplant移植；transform改变；transport运输；transmit传播。
17.C 译文：这个床在我们家里世代相传，最初是属于我曾祖母的。
解析：hand out分发，施舍；hand over交出，移交；hand down世代相传；hand round 分发，顺次传递。
18.A 译文：1974年和1997间，海外游客的数量增长了27%。
解析：expand by 增长了，而expand to 表示“增长到”，后面接具体的数字。
19.C 译文：二十世纪见证了极大的世界政治、经济和文化传播。
解析：tradition传统；transportation交通，运输；transmission传播；transformation变化，变形。
20.B 译文：这就是那位在我住院的时候照顾我的护士。
解析：固定词组，attend to 照顾；accompany陪伴；entertain娱乐，招待；shield遮蔽，包庇。
21.D 译文：他为能被选中参加这个比赛而骄傲，他向我们保证他会尽最大的努力。
解析：assume承担，假定；insure guarantee assure这三个词意思相近，均可表示“保证”之意。
但在意义用法上有所区别：insure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保；guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为"提出担保"，对事物、商品等无质量,性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证，guarantee sb sth；assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信，assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用that -clause。
其常用结构为：assure sb of sth，assure sb that-clause.22.D 译文：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的交流可能造成交流障碍。
解析：tragedy悲剧；vacuum真空；question问题；barrier障碍。
23.A 译文：这张票可以让你免费坐船观赏湖景。
解析：entitle sb to sth/to do sth 授予，归于某人做某事的权利；appoint sb to任命；grant sb sth 给予某人某物；credit sth to sb给予某人某物。
24.A 译文：尽管很多人认为观点冲突是件不好的事，但有时候也有好处，利用观念冲突可以让人们测试其态度和行为的相对价值。
解析：定语从句的介词运用，by通过，利用。
25.B 译文：相同的因素推动着工资和价格的一起上涨，一个加强另一个解析：emphasize强调，着重；reinforce加强，强化；multiply使增加；increase增加。
26.A 译文：地球下积聚的能量肯定会以某种形式释放出来，例如地震。
解析：accumulated 积累的，积聚的；gathered只作为gather的分词，不可用于定语；assembled 组合的，安装的；collected镇定的，收集的。
27.B 译文：广告上说这种材料不会缩水，但事实不是如此。
解析：contract 缩紧，收缩；shrink收缩，缩水；slim变细；dissolve溶解。
contract 、shrink均可表示收缩，但只有shrink 可表示“缩水”之意。
28.D 译文：他对明年赢得奥运金牌的机会很乐观。
解析：be optimistic about对某事乐观积极。
29.B 译文：新年前夕，纽约市举行的户外活动吸引了很多的人。
解析：hold an outdoor event 举行户外活动30.C 译文：律师建议他放弃这个案子，因为他的胜算不大。
解析：case 案件。
PartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 131.答案D解析：文章第二段提到what follows that “but”can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day”or “your noise was giving me a headache”leaves the person who has been injuredfeeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology。
可知答案为D。
32.答案B解析：根据第三段的“I am sorry you are upset ,this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.我因为被别人做的事情弄得心烦意乱而抱歉”。
这句话表明你让我很烦，但这是我的错我不怪你。
所以依据此意，B符合。
33.答案C解析：第三段提到“Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. 泛泛的道歉并不能让道歉者意识到自己的行为对别人的伤害或侮辱，也达不到让道歉者承诺以后不会这样做的目的。
所以根据此意，可知泛泛的道歉是无用的。
即答案C的意思。
34.答案B解析：最后一段从年龄的角度谈到了道歉的复杂性。
所以B“道歉时，年龄因素应该考虑在内”符合文意。
35.答案D解析：文章从一开始便讲了应该怎样道歉和应该避免泛泛的道歉。
最后又从年龄的角度讲到道歉的复杂性，这一切都表明道歉并不是我们所认为的那么简单。
所以答案为D。
Passage 236.答案C解析：细节题。
第二段最后一句“large companies，especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience”指出了“很多大公司倾向于雇用既有正规的教育背景又有工作经脸的人才”因此选项C符合题意。
37.答案B解析：逻辑推理题。
第三段的主旨是讲专业学历，例如MBA degree等可以作为一块很好的段门砖(The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially...）。
但是第四段又提到：Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper level management. 即：他们通常要找通才来进行中高层管理。
而即使是MBA degree五年后也保证不了被提升（不被淘汰）。
因此选项B符合题意。
38.答案A解析：词汇语意题。
第四段最后一句“They want someone who isn't constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz . Scheetz所指的是“不为细节所束缚的人”，文中的"nuts and bolts”加地”指具体细节；而选项中A的“strategic mind”指的是“顾全大局”的人，正好符合句意。