翻译赏析与分析

随着时间的流逝，记忆使人忘怀了许多事物。

让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。 Let the other people of the rest of the world know China. Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.

[分析]在以上例句中，原文的主语都不是行为的发出者，而 在汉语译文中改换或增添主语，这样更符合英汉民族的思 维逻辑和表达习惯。

Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be cause for immediate dismissal. [译文1] 任何政府官员对华人的不敬都将构成直接被开除 的原因。 [译文2] 任何政府官员，如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为， 必须立即予以开除。 译文1按照原文的结构直译，但是不符合汉语的思维习惯， 译文2从“官员”入手，比较符合汉语的语言和思维习惯。

从逻辑上讲，“让世界了解中国”应是让世界上其他国家 （或人民）了解中国，“让中国走向世界”也只是一种形 象的说法，翻译时应按照其语法上的内在逻辑做出调整。

ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯· 杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。 Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟 好了备忘录。
[译文1] 有几个原因可以说明为什么基辛格不再看起来像全世界报界渲染 得那样是个魔术师，他不愿打破这样的幻觉，因为，他自己承认，他有 一种自大狂的倾向。 [译文2] 全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师般的人物，他也没有阻止 人们制造这种错误印象，因为正如他自己愿意承认的，他有一种自大狂 的倾向。现在他不再像是这样的人物了，这有几个原因。


No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. [译文1] 没有人对他在工作中的偏爱感到满意。 [译文2] 对他在工作中表现出来的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。 显然，译文2更符合汉语的表达习惯。

He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an courage, to want to do it quite that way.
[译文1] 他倒是喜欢她这么直来直去……有点生活经验、又 有点胆量的人才敢这么做。 [译文2] 他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、 又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。
译文2种保持了原文的形式，也比译文1更贴切。

Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。
形合与意合
The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days. 男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没 吃东西了。 从上例可看出，英语十分注重句子的形式和结构的完整，上面 英语句子主干为The boy said，但节外生枝，叠床架屋，竟有5个 从句，用了who, as if, when, that, because等多个连接成分，形 成一个空间构架，犹如“枝叶繁茂的参天大树”，呈树状。而相 应的汉语节节展开,言简意赅，语意连贯，结构紧凑，呈竹状。
范例赏析
1) It is not a question how much a man knows, but what use he can make of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do. [译文] 问题不在一个人知道多少，而在于他能否运用他的 知识；问题不在他学的是什么，受怎样的教育，而在于他 的人品以及他的能力。 [赏析] 这句英文中共用了7个名词性从句，翻译时都译成 了具体的指谓。特别是把what he is译为“他的人品”； 把what he can do译为“他的能力”，相当精彩。

The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.

There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.
[分析]英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人则化整为零。这是从语言 的形态而言，不是从语言的意义来说的。汉译时要特别注意整体意义的 把握以及英语形态的拆零。译文1按照原文的思维方式叙述，在汉语中 显得含义不明。汉语读者的理解受阻。而译文2通过调整整个表达的次 序，使译文读起来自然，容易理解。
正反与虚实

All the inventors have a restless mind. [译文1] 所有的发明家都生性好动。 [译文2] 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头 脑。
[分析] restless字面上没有明显表露出褒义或 贬义，因此我们必须通过原句的意思，发掘出 句中词语的感情色彩，从而忠实地翻译出来。

注意划线部分的褒与贬。 1. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 2. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 3. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred. 4. As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. 5. Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times. 6. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.
褒贬与曲直

She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.
[译文1] 她被执著的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。
[译文2] 她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。
[分析] 这里的persistent根据句子的意思明显带有贬义，所 以，译为“没完没了”更为妥帖。
2) Future does not wait. It becomes present and past with
every second that ticks. You have barely time to turn around and already the coming has met the going…what will be is entirely in what has been, and no matter how fast you run, tomorrow is behind you – never ahead. [译文] 未来是不等人的。随着每秒钟的流逝，未来变成了 现实，继而又成了往昔。你几乎来不及转身顾盼，来者就 变成了逝者。……未来的一切全都蕴育于现实之中。不论 你跑得多快，明天总落在你的身后，绝不会跑到你的前头。 [赏析] 把what will be is entirely in what has been译为 “未来的一切全都蕴育于现实之中”，译得不凡。
3) Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement. [译文] 甚至他的批评者们也承认，爱姆兹试验是一项突出的成就。这种 试验是在实验室里进行的一种简便、廉价的操作方法，有助于检测出 一种物质是否能引起癌症。
[分析] 抽象名词wisdom, folly对于习惯于抽象思维的 英美读者来说，词义明确，措辞简练；但对于习惯于 具象思维的中国读者来说将这些抽象名词所表达的抽 象概念具体化，才符合汉语读者的思维习惯和汉语遣 词造句的行文习惯。

Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing.

A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情 况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反 译) ―Mine! Mine!‖ They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seeming never very far away. 他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看来好像伸手 可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊：“天哪!天哪!‖ (反说正译)
月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在跑来跑去， 我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到它们。

Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. 1826年杰斐逊逝世。按他生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：独 立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者，弗吉尼亚大学创建 人之墓。