雅思剑5阅读test1

He was to be paid 1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ' dictionary workshop '. 约翰逊因此获得了总价值1575英镑的分 期付款，他从这些钱中拿出一些租下了 17Gough广场，在这里建起了自己的“字 典作坊”。
Johnson signed the contract for the dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764. 1764年6月18日，约翰逊与书商Robert Dosley在Holborn酒店附近的Golden Anchor旅店吃早餐时，签订了关于这本 字典的合同。
Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself; and he would do it single-handed. 约翰逊则认为不需要学术机构来解决语 言上的争端，他要自己编一本字典，而 且要自己亲手去编。
There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past , the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a Robert Cawdray, published in 1604。 当然，在此之前也有过一些字典。其中 最早的是一本约120页的小册子，有一个 叫Robert Cawdray的人编辑。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. 在约翰逊之前，如果没有专门的学术机 构判别正确与错误的用法，要出版这样 一部大型字典几乎是不可能的。
His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. 对于那些从17世纪晚期到18世纪早期一 直困扰着作家的问题，约翰逊的解决方 法是非常实用的。
13.Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the dictionary.
Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class,who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer—lexical as well as social and commercial. 除了规范英语混乱状态的实际需要外英语字典的兴盛 也与英国中产阶级的兴起有关。这些中产阶级渴望对 各种要征服的环境进行定义和约束，包括词汇环境、 社会环境和商业环境。 be associated with与……联系在一起 be linke to
TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
10.johnson had been planning to write a dictionary for several years. 11.Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his dictionary.
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
9.Johnson has become more well known since his death.
Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. 约翰逊是诗人、批评家，他将常识提高 到了天赋的高度。
TRUE / FALSE/ NOT GIVEN
12.johnson only received payment for his dictionary on its completion.
James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked ' fitted up like a counting house ' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copping clerks would work standing up. James Boswell曾为约翰逊作传，他描述 说约翰逊工作的阁楼就像一个账房，中 间有一张尝尝的桌子，负责抄写的工作 人员站着工作。
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
8.The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.
It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenthcentury literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class. 塞缪尔约翰逊博士作为18世纪文学家的 典型代表，在当时和现在都享有盛誉， 他在中产阶级正如日中天时出版他的字 典真是再合适不过了。
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For the century before Johnson's Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. 约翰逊博士的字典于1775年出版，在此 之前的一个世纪，人们一直对英语的发 展状况担忧。
There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution. as to 至于 with respect to/ in regard to /with regard to /speaking of / as concerning 口语和书面语没有统一的标准，对于如何整顿 英语拼写混乱的局面也没有统一的看法。正是 约翰逊博士为这一问题提供了解决方案。
Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray's tended to concentrate on 'scholarly' words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning. 正如后来17世纪出版的许多字典一样， Cawdray倾向于着重收录学术词汇。这本 字典的功能之一就是使字典的使用者能 体现出良好的学术修养。
Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an ' old deal table ' surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. 约翰逊坐在一把快要散架的椅子上，面 前是一张老式的摇摇晃晃的文案桌，周 围乱七八糟堆放着一堆借来的书。
He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation. 他有六个助手协助他，其中两个在字典 的编撰的筹备阶段就去世了。
TRUE /FALSE / NOT GIVEN