宾语从句,间接引语

宾语从句

宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否（if, whether）替；特殊疑问句更好办，引导词还用疑问词。

二是词态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去词，从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。

（一）宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据

引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

结构：

主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3~时态：A.主句---现在时从句---任一时态】

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这

些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on（依靠）whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句

词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…

前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：

—Who did you interview?

—I interviewed Bill.

—What did you ask him?

—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.

—…

（二）宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即“主语在前，谓语在后”。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。

2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去任何一种时态

3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

（三）宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过

去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

（四）含宾语从句的反意问句

带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意问句时，其简短问句的主语和动词一般和主句保持一致。但当主句的谓语动词是 guess, think, suppose, believe, image等时，并且主句的主语人称是第一人称，即I或we时，其简短问句的主语要和从句中的主语保持一致，同时应注意否定的转移。

He said he didn’t pass the exam,_______?

We don’t think our teachers will go abroad,_______?