外交学院200X年研究生入学考试英语专业试题
外交学院考研英语口译复试真题
外交学院复试——笔试《英语写作》（计100分，考试时间为2个小时）
给2组topic，有感而写，写作要注意主题思想、政治内容、组织结构、逻辑、语言、文体等方面的情况。
（不是二选一，是写两篇）
去年英语写作题目：
1.
中国梦。
习近平总书记在参观复兴之路展览时提出中国梦。
你的中国梦是什么？请就此话题写一篇800--1000字的论文。
2. 伟大的科学家爱因斯坦曾经说过，“I fear the day when the technology overlaps with our humanity. The world will only have a generation of idiots.”
有人认为，看看今天的世界的情形，不幸被爱因斯坦言中，这一天已经到来了！你的看法呢？请就此话题写一篇800--1000字的论文。
注意1.时间2.字数3.要写成议论文4.用英文书写。
外交学院(二外英语)考研样题
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题——二外英语（代码218）1号《》（代码218）Part I: Multiple Choices (20%)Section AkaoyantjDirections:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best complet es the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ____ in the areaon the night of the fire.网络督察[A] to be [B] to have been [C] having been [D] be2. Thompson is the only one of the students who ____ to France.业[A] has been [B] have been [C] had been [D] has being3. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.同济西苑[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed659 76674[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed4. I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly ____ to me.同济西苑[A] happened [B] entered 专[C] occurred [D] emerged5. ____ if you had lost your watch?6554 8814[A] Hadn’t you been upset[B] Weren’t you upset021-[C] Wouldn’t you be upset [D] Wouldn’t you have upset6. John would rather that Jane ____ to the party yesterday evening.021-[A] did not go [B] not go 同济[C] wouldn’t gone[D] had not gone7. The match was cancelled because most of the members ____ a match without a standard court.同济[A] objected to having [B] object to have密云路[C] were objected to have [D] were objected to having8. ____ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.西门[A] Jumped down the burglar [B] Down the burglar jumped kaoyangj[C] The burglar jumps down [D] Down jumped the burglar9. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ to expenses ofthe trip.659 76674[A] to [B] about [C] in [D] for10. You should abide ____ your promise as a man of honor.共济[A] to [B] for [C] by [D] withSection B密云路Directions:In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that wou ld best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Dr. Smith checked the patient’s signs carefully before making his statement.kaoyangj[A] symbols [B] symptoms [C] sinecures [D] synods12. Henry’s news report covering the conference was so exhaustive that nothing had beenomitted.1号[A] understanding [B] comprehensible[C] comprehensive [D] underlying13. The driver stopped at the crossroad as the traffic lights flashed.[A] pulled off [B] pulled round[C] pulled away [D] pulled up14. Motivation is a primary factor in learning.[A] Memorization [B] Aptitude[C] Intelligence [D] Incentive15. It is bad policy for the developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.[A] accelerate [B] further [C] discourage [D] weaken16. The world market is constantly changing. We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.[A] regularly [B] steadily [C] scarcely [D] always17. Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.[A] false idea [B] imagination[C] vision [D] impression18. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I assumed to be his girl friend.[A] pretended [B] supposed [C] resumed [D] granted19. They built the motel on the edge of an abandoned village.[A] immense [B] deserted [C] well-run [D] remote20. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank.[A] destroyed [B] signed [C] folded [D] depositedPart II. Cloze (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fou r choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] below the paper. You should choose the ONE tha t best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchanges, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very __21__ for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite __22__ in themselves. A sho p-keeper always runs a certain __23__ when he accepts a cheque and he is quite __24__his rights if, on occasion, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __25__. An old and every wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experi ence. He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large __26__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he __27__ t o buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by cheque. The assist ant said that this was quite __28__, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with __29__ the same name had presented them with a __30__ cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __31__ he wanted to get into serious trouble. __32__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __33__ and asked him to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The not __34__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” __35__, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike thethief’s.21. [A] complicated [B] trivial [C] bearable [D] convenient22. [A] valueless [B] invaluable [C] valuable [D] indefinite23. [A] danger [B] change [C] risk [D] opportunity24. [A] within [B] beyond [C] without [D] out of25. [A] in difficulty [B] in doubt [C] in earnest [D] in question26. [A] amount [B] stock [C] number [D] store27. [A] considered [B] thought [C] conceived [D] decided28. [A] in order [B] in need [C] in use [D] in common29. [A] largely [B] mostly [C] exactly [D] extremely30. [A] worth [B] worthy [C] worthwhile [D] worthless31. [A] whether [B] if [C] otherwise [D] unless32. [A] Really [B] Sure enough [C] Certainly [D] However33. [A] treatment [B] manner [C] inconvenience [D] behavior34. [A] read [B] told [C] wrote [D] informed35. [A] Unfortunately [B] Fortunately [C] Naturally [D] BasicallyPart III. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneMobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationshi ps. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the sou rce of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed resp ectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and wa ter transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditiona l home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when indiv idual family members of the family as a whole move away from a community, the perso n or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institut ions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The pr esence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in t hose families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion o f sons and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of theparents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social cl asses. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. En gaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to com e in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population ow ning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.36. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement ____.[A] social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families[B] family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility[C] potential disorganization is present in the American family[D] the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status37. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ____.[A] are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability[B] have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it[C] will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it[D] can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble38. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____.[A] the husband, wife, and children work too hard[B] the husband, wife, and children seldom get together[C] both parents have to work full time[D] the family members are subject to social pressure.39. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because ____.[A] they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking[B] they allow one to find a good job and improve one’s social status[C] they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents[D] they enable the children to travel around without their parents40. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members ____.[A] are not psychologically withdrawn from one another[B] never quarrel with each other even when they disagree[C] often help each other with true love and affection[D] are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV setsPassage TwoDo animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?These are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Fraz ier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, law yers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that l egal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonst rated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief.As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual an d social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history. Starting by grant ing rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tr ibe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unal ienable (不可剥夺的) rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Sin ce the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic minorities.The next page in this history –the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, p lants, and the rest of the natural world –is now being written, Nash believes. For a gro wing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root.The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is not a new o ne. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in t he Judeo-Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be partof it.However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nas h says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained follower s. U. S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endang ered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act.Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalist s and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves bef ore bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank toprevent the river from being damned.For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned (嘲笑) for insisting that slaves were hum an beings with rights, today’s radical environmentalists are often laughed at for sugg esting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of American liberal traditi on,” he says. But with the groundwork now laid for “mass participation in environmentalis m,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontat ion with those who profit from exploitation of the environment.“If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to America before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,” Nash warns, “it is not the fault o f history.”41. Radical environmentalists hold that ____.[A] all of nature should enjoy legal and ethical protection[B] all animals should have legal rights as human beings[C] viruses should be eliminated from this planet[D] nature should be exploited in a humane way42. By “all men were created equal,” Thomas Jefferson meant that ____.[A] all human beings should enjoy equal rights[B] all white males should have equal rights[C] blacks and whites should enjoy equal rights[D] men and women should have equal rights43. According to the so-called deep environmentalists, _____.[A] things in nature that have value to people should be protected[B] virgin forests should be preserved[C] man should let rivers take their natural course and dams should not be built[D] everything in nature has its intrinsic (天生的) value and should be protected44. According to the passage, Nash ____.[A] is neutral on the question concerning the ethical rights of nature[B] sympathizes with the radical environmentalists[C] laughs at the idea that nature deserves a place in the American liberal tradition[D] is scornful of the anti-slavery radicals for insisting that slaves were human beings.45. The best title for this passage might be ____.[A] Ethics and the Natural World[B] Anti-slavery Radicals and Deep Environmentalists[C] All men Were Created Equal[D] Relationship Between Human Beings and NaturePassage ThreeWhereas George Gershwin worked in the glare of critical and commercial success, C harles Ives worked in obscurity. Though Ives created the bulk of his output before Gersh win appeared on the scene, his music was almost completely neglected until he was “redi scovered” in the 1940’s and 1950’s. He earned his livelihood, for most of his adult life, i n the insurance business and created some of the most striking examples of American mu sic in his spare time. Ives’s composing was restricted to weekends, ho lidays, vacations, an d long evenings, Ives himself was quite philosophic about this and never considered his b usiness career a handicap to artistic production. On the contrary, he regarded his music and the business in which he earned his livelihood as complementary activities.His raw material for all of his work was the ordinary musical life of a small New England town. In evolving his highly individualistic musical language, Ives used popular d ance hall tunes fragments of hymns and patriotic anthems, brass band marches, country da nces, and songs which he integrated into works of enormous complexity.But Ives’s music was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was writte n. The composer found it all but impossible to get his music performed. For example, Ive s’s Second Symphony, which be worked on between 1897 and 1902, received its first per formance in 1951 when it was played by the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York, under Leonard Bernstein. His Third Symphony, completed in 1911, was first perfor med in 1945, the Fourth Symphony, written between 1910 and 1916 received its premiere in 1965 under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. Not until he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony, in 1947, did Charles Ives received any degree of recognition for his work.46. Charles Ives’s success in music could be called unusual because he __.[A] had a physical handicap[B] was trained to be a philosopher[C] did not devote his entire career to music[D] did not have much financial backing47. According to the passage, how did Ives feel about the business and musical sides ofhis life?[A] They lent support to each other.[B] They each satisfied his need for recognition.[C] They represented a conflict in his nature.[D] They took too much of his time.48. It can be inferred that all of the following were sources of inspiration for Ives in hisearly career EXCEPT __.[A] church music [B] folk tunes[C] Gershwin’s compositions[D] patriotic songs49. Ives’s Third Symphony was first performed in the __.[A] late nineteenth century[B] first decade of the twentieth century[C] mid-nineteen forties[D] mid-nineteen sixties50. Who conducted the first performance of Ives’s Fourth Symphony?[A] Pulitzer [B] Bernstein[C] Gershwin [D] StokowskiPart V Translation (35%)Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese.When we established our friendly and cooperative relations, we did so on the underst anding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit. These are the principles on which we seek friendship with all peoples of the world. It is absolutely vital that all nations, big or small, strong or weak, should conduct their relations with each other on these principles.We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries. China’s support is a constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of the goals of developing andmaintaining the independence of our country.Section BDirections: Put the following sentences into English1.在香港问题解决之后，中英之间没有任何重大障碍能阻止两国发展跨世纪的、稳定的、全面合作关系。
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《翻译》(代码804)-新祥旭考研辅导班
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《翻译》（代码804）This test paper consists of two parts, namely, English into Chinese translation and Chinese into English translation.To facilitate grading, the texts have been broken into groups of sentences, each with a number, and you should put down the number of the paragraph you are translating before giving your version after this number.Please write neatly and intelligibly.The total hours of work are 3 hours.The maximum score is 10×15＝150 pointsPart One: English into Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following two passages into Chinese; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translation in the sheets provided.Passage 1:[1] We are living through a time of global economic challenges that cannot be met by half measures or the isolated efforts of any nation. Now, the leaders of the Group of 20 have a responsibility to take bold, comprehensive and coordinated action that not only jump-starts recovery, but also launches a new era of economic engagement to prevent a crisis like this from ever happening again. No one can deny the urgency of action. A crisis in credit and confidence has swept across borders, with consequences for every corner of the world. For the first time in a generation, the global economy is contracting and trade is shrinking.[2] Once and for all, we have learned that the success of the American economy is inextricably linked to the global economy. There is no line between action that restores growth within our borders and action that supports it beyond. If people in other countries cannot spend, markets dry up — already we've seen the biggest drop in American exports in nearly four decades, which has led directly to American job losses. And if we continue to let financial institutions around the world act recklessly and irresponsibly, we will remain trapped in a cycle of bubble and bust. That is why the upcoming London Summit is directly relevant to our recovery at home.[3] Our leadership is grounded in a simple premise: We will act boldly to lift the American economy out of crisis and reform our regulatory structure, and these actions will be strengthened by complementary action abroad. Through our example, the United States can promote a global recovery and build confidence around the world; and if the London Summit helps galvanize collective action, we can forge a secure recovery, and future crises can be averted. Our effortsmust begin with swift action to stimulate growth. Already, the United States has passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.[4] Second, we must restore the credit that businesses and consumers depend upon. At home, we are working aggressively to stabilize our financial system. This includes an honest assessment of the balance sheets of our major banks, and will lead directly to lending that can help Americans purchase goods, stay in their homes and grow their businesses. This must continue to be amplified by the actions of our G-20 partners. Together, we can embrace a common framework that insists upon transparency, accountability and a focus on restoring the flow of credit that is the lifeblood of a growing global economy.Passage 2:[5] After years of fighting unionization efforts at its stores, Wal-Mart, t he world’s largest retailer, said today that it would work closely with Chinese officials to establish labor unions at all of its outlets here. Wal-Mart said it would form an alliance with the government-backed All China Federation of Trade Unions because it wanted to create “an effective and harmonious way of facilitating the establishment of grassroots unions” at its stores. The announcement came less than two weeks after Wal-Mart employees established their first union in China, the first time that a union had ever been formed at a Wal-Mart store.[6] Wal-Mart’s decision surprised observers because while the company had signaled earlier that it would not do anything to stop unions from forming at its Chinese stores, it had never suggested that it would actively participate in backing unionization efforts. Wal-Mart’s decision to allow unions comes after years of pressure from the All China Federation of Trade Unions, which has been pushing companies with large foreign investments here to allow unionization, which is required under Chinese law. Forming a union at Wal-Mart stores, which have been plagued by labor disputes in recent years, has proved incredibly difficult.[7] But exactly what it means to have a unionized Wal-Mart store here is unclear because unions in China do not have the history of bargaining power. Wal-Mart officials see China as a potentially huge market and are determined to expand rapidly here. The company already has about 60 retail outlets and 30,000 employees here. And because of China’s mighty factories, this country is Wal-Mart’s primary sourcing base for the millions of goods its sell around the world. Wal-Mart initially signaled its approval of unions here in late 2004, when the company said that if workers in China moved to unionize, Wal-Mart would not stop them.Part Two: Chinese into English TranslationDirections: Translate the following three passages into English; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translation in the sheets provided.Passage 3:[8] 美国掀起的这场全球货币战争已经拉开帷幕。
外交学院英语专业考研基础英语模拟题
外交学院英语专业考研基础英语模拟题I. Grammar 20 points1.Supply the passage with proper prepositions(8 points)(1) food and shelter, clothing is one of people’s most important needs. Clothing includes all the different garments, accessories, and ornaments worn by people (2) the world.Most people, no matter where they live, wear some kind of clothing. People (3) various regions dress differently (4) many reasons. They may have different materials and methodsmaking clothes, or they may have different habits of dress. Any person may wear certain clothing for a variety of individual reasons. But (5) general, people wear clothes for three main reason: a. protection, b. communication, and c. decoration. Most clothing serves all three purposes.In many areas of the world, people need clothing for protection (6) the weather. Clothing also protects people who work (7) dangerous jobs, take part in rough sports, or engage (8) other hazardous activities.2.Choose from A, B, C or D the one that best complete each sentence.(12 points)(9) As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think .A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say(10) The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall indeath rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. andB. asC. butD. or(11) In my opinion, he’s the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.A. in allB. at bestC. for allD. by far(12) She is a musician than her brother.A. much ofB. much asC. more ofD. more as(13) my wife’s consistent encouragement I wouldn’t have accomplished my graduatestudy.A. But forB. But withC. Except forD. as are(14) Most insulation devices of this kind, manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.A. that areB. which isC. those areD. as are(15)Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees,occupations for which technical training is necessary.A. so too there areB. so also there areC. so there are tooD. so too are there(16) This, they say, is proof that the more primitive species was not simply supplanted by anadvanced one into one.A. but also developedB. but reformed sharplyC. but merely turnedD. but evolved slowly(17) In such desperate strains did he find himself that he was reduced to the violin in thestreets.A. playB. playingC. be playingD. having played(18) Those twins are so alike that it is next to impossible to distinguishA. who is whoB. which is whichC. one and the otherD. one another(19) He is determined to prove his innocence, he has to go to the highest court in the land.A. even thoughB. even asC. even ifD. even so(20) When , many racists cannot give a logical reason for their attitudes towards other racial groups.A. questioningB. having been questionedC. having questionedD. questionedII. Vocabulary 30 pointsDirections: complete the passage by choosing the best word for each gap from the box. Changethe word form when you think it is necessary to do so. (30 points).English as a killer languageThroughout the world, people regard English as a language of economic opportunity, though this is not a universal feeling, since some consider English a tool for the destruction of linguistic and cultural （21）. A number of commentators have seen the spread of English not as an unqualified benefit, but rather as an opportunity reserved only for the （22）few and a means to construct patterns of inequality both within countries and between the “west’ and the “rest”.The global spread of English is （23）: on the one hand it appears as an unstoppable process that homogenizes culture wherever it goes: Crystal (1997a) cites the Italian word cocacolonizzare ( to co-colonize),while the poet Derrick Desmond （24）crudely laments the ‘Californucation’(sic) of world culture. On the other hand , however, the spread of English creates divisions in society, and （25）with other languages causes the creation of new language varieties.Pattayanyak(1996) has suggested that in India the use of English （26）improved educational opportunities for only a very small minority. On the whole it （27）the rift between the urban and rural, the developed and developing and the masses and the elite. He argues that （28）English is the almost exclusive language of science and technology, this actually prevents ordinary people form having access to and interacting with it. Because it prevents many languages sharing communication, it （29）‘alienation, anomie, and blind spots in cultural perception’. Ultimately, Pattaynayak argues, English causes other cultures to wither and die, and its use by the elite to secure their position of privilege is just as much of an imposition on the people as colonialism （30）was.It has also been suggested (and it does seem to be true certainly of most Britons and American) that the spread of global English has led to complacency about the use of English, and has encouraged people to be （31）about learning languages. Certainly in my recent experience teaching at university in Great Britain, many of the foreign-language programmers arestruggling to recruit students who wish to （32）in a foreign language and traditional literature-based German and French programmers in particular seem to be struggling to retain student numbers. On the other hand, as we mentioned in the section on the boom in English teaching, courses that combine European language with, for example, business studies, marketing or IT training, （33）the instrumental function of learning the language is transparent, are indeed attracting students. Thus, this complacency or lack of interest might not be a simple （34）of students losing interest in learning languages, but rather of academics （35）touch with how and why we teach them.Ш. Reading Skills 40pointsText ATask 1: Complete the passage by choosing the best sentence for each gap. There are more sentences given than necessary.（10 points）We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years; educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact people opposite.(36) .(37) It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give off his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.(38)(39) What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always be best educated; they are the best trained in the techniqueof working under duress.The result on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human .They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s.(40) It is cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what is boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall “I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.”A.Every class at school requires homework, quizzes, texts, and finally, a final exam. We takeexams to prove ourselves---to prove we have advanced our education.B.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s trueabilities.C.Stress has hit an eleven on the one-to-ten scale during examinations. Stress is not healthy,and it makes everyone angry. The last thing I remember when I go back to school is exams. Is the school trying aversion therapy on its student?D.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where successand failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?E.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends onthem. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.F.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly underextreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude. G. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. Theexamination system does anything but that.Text BTask 1: Read the passage and then mark your answers. (6 points)During adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing, though perhaps tacit, set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles.The child’s rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. By knowledge, I mean more than the dreary “facts”, such as the composition of country government that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninthgrade civics course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. These are facets of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent’s absorption, often unwitting, of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding----for example, what the state can “appropriately” demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the “proper”relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions, such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. Much of the naivete that characterizes the younger adolescent’s grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of “facts”but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.Like magpies, children’s minds pick up bits and pieces of data. If you encourage them, theywill drop these at your feet—Republicans and Democrats, the tripartite division of the federal system, perhaps even the capital of Massachusetts. But until the adolescent has grasped the integumental function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.(41) The passage suggests that, during early adolescence, a child would find which of thefollowing most difficult to understand?A. A book chronicling the ways in which the presidential inauguration ceremony has changedover the years.B. An essay in which an incident in British history is used to explain the system of monarchicsuccession.C. A summary of the respective responsibilities of the legislative, executive and judicialbranches of government.D. A debate in which the participate argue, respectively, that the federal government shouldor should not support private schools.(42) It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with whichof the following statements about schools?A. They should present political information according to carefully planned, schematicarrangements.B. They themselves constitute part of a general sociopolitical system that adolescents arelearning to understand.C. If they were to introduce political subject matter in the primary grades, students wouldunderstand current political realities at an earlier age.D. They are ineffectual to the degree that they disregard adolescent’ political naivete.(43) According to the author, which of the following contributes to the development of politicalideology during adolescence?A. conscious recognition by the adolescent of his or her own naiveteB. Thorough comprehension of the concept of ordinationC. Evaluation by the adolescent of the general principles encompassing his or her specificpolitical ideas.D. Intuitive understanding of relationships among various components of society.Task2: Respond BRIEFLY to the following questions based on the text. (14 points)(44) What is the author’s primary purpose in the passage?(45) What does the term “common ground of understanding” refer to in the passage?(46) Please summarize the author’s evaluation of the accumulation of political knowledge byadolescents.IV. Translation 40 points(59) Translate the following into English. (20 points)对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。
2020年外交学院二外英语考研模拟试题
外交学院法语语言文学2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（二）考试科目：二外英语考试时间：180分钟总分：150分命题时间：2019年4.27日命题人：育明教育考研考博研究室考生注意：1.本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
2.考试结束后，将答题纸和试卷一并装入试卷袋内。
Part1:Multiple choices(20%)Section ADirections:In this section,there are10incomplete sentences,for each sentence,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1.How can I concentrate if you_________continually_________me with silly questions?A.have…interruptedB.are…interruptedC.had…interruptedD.were…interrupted2.They will wonder whether their life___considerably by2010.A.will have changedB.will be changingC.will have to changeD.is going to change3.This picture is believed___painted by Tom.A.it wasB.to beC.to beingD.to have been4.I____provided you with the money.Why didn't you ask me?A.could haveB.hadC.must haveD.ought to have5.All the committee members said the lecture was___a second time.A.worth to listenB.worth being listened toC.worth listening toD.worth to listen to考研专业课答题技巧：扫一扫关注更多的考研信息6.Although thunder and lightning are produced at the same time,light waves travel faster___,so we see the lightning before we hear the thunder.A.than sound waves doB.than sound waves areC.do sound wavesD.sound waves7.The problem of___to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.how8.The first people to live in___Hawaii were by Polynesians,who sailed here in large canoesfrom other Pacific islands about2,000years ago.A.now where isB.what is nowC.it is nowD.now this is9.Hovercraft,or air-cushion vehicles,are unusual___travel over land and water on a layer ofair.A.theyB.in theyC.that theyD.in that they10.The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers___for.A.be demonstratingB.demonstrateC.had been demonstratingD.have demonstratedSection BIn this section,you are required to select the one word or phrase that would best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence.Then write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.11.We've bought some___chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store away.A.adaptingB.adjustingC.bendingD.folding12.The boss___into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was told.A.flewB.chargedC.rushedD.burst13.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always___.A.unmistakableB.reliableC.unquestionableD.healthy14.Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn,the Irish milkmaid fought hard to___her laughter.A.hold backB.hold onC.hold outD.hold up15.The speaker attempted to explain it in such a way that it would be___to an outsider.A.intelligibleB.invariableC.plausibleD.intrinsic16.He could___the shadowy figure of a man standing among the trees.A.discoverB.distinguishC.discernD.disguise17.The local people could hardly think of any good way to___disaster of the war.A.shake offB.get offC.put offD.take off18.When will Britain___Japan in industrial production?A.catch up withB.catch up onC.catch up inD.catch up to19.The album might have___had it been less expensive.A.worked outB.fallen throughC.caught onD.fitted in20.There are a few small things that I don't like about my job,but___it's enjoyable.A.above allB.as usualC.by largeD.by all meansPart2:Cloze(15%)For many people today,reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up their work they must read letters,reports,trade publications,interoffice communications,not to mention newspapers and magazine:a never-ending flood of words.In_21_a job or advancing in one,the ability to read and comprehend_22_can mean the difference between success and failure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are_23_readers.Most of us develop poor reading_24_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency_25_in the actual stuff of language itself--words. Taken individually,words have_26_meaning until they are strung to gather into phrase, sentences and paragraphs._27_,however,the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time,often regressing to_28_words or passages,Regression, the tendency to look back over_29_you have just read,is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which_30_down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as_31_reads.To overcome these bad habits,some reading clinics use a device called an_32_,which moves a bar(or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed.The bar is set at a slightly faster ratehim.The accelerator forces the reader to _33_the reader finds comfortable,in order to“stretch”read fast,_34_word-by-word reading,regression and subvocalization,practically impossible.At first_35_is sacrificed for speed.But when you learn to read ideas and concepts,you will not only read faster,but also your comprehension will improve.21.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting22.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly23.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent24.A.training B.habits C.situlations D.custom25.A.lies bines C.touches D.involves26.A.some B.a lot C.little D.dull27.A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately28.A.reuse B.reward C.rewrite D.recite29.A.what B.which C.that D.if30.A.scalesB.cuts C.slowsD.measures31.A.some one B.one C.he D.reader32.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer33.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than34.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating35.A.meaning prehension C.gist D.regressionPart3:Reading Comprehension:(30%)PassageOne:Business has slowed,layoffs mount,but executive pay continues to roar--at least so far. Business Week's annual survey finds that chief executive officers(CEOs)at365of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging$3.1million-up l.3percent from1994.Why are the top bosses getting an estimated485times the pay of a typical factory worker?That is up from475times in1999and a mere42times in1980.One reason may be what experts call the"Lake Wobegon effect".Corporate boards tend to reckon that"all CEOsare above average"-a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show,A Prairie Home Companion,that all the town's children arc"above average".Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation.Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average,the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level.The result;Pay levels get ratcheted up.Defenders of lavish CEOpay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOsthat the free market forces their pay up.They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive's performance.They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOsgenerate great wealth for their shareholders.But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999,says Scott Klinger,author of this report by a Bostonbased Organization United for a Fair Economy.If an investor had put$10,000apiece at the end of1999into the stock of those companies with the10highest-paid CEOs,by year-end2000the investment would have shrunk to$8.132.If$10,000had been put into the Standard&Poor's500stocks,it would have been worth$9,090.To Mr.Klinger,these findings suggest that the theory that one person,the CEO,is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong."It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable."With profits down,corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cut.Since CEOs,seeing their options"under water"or worthless because of falling stock prices,are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.36.Which of the following statements is true about Garrison Keillor?A)His idea on the CEOs was recognized by corporate boards.B)One of his lines had been modified to describe the CEOs.C)His play pointed out that"all CEOsare above average".D)His radio program aroused the"Lake Wobegon effect".37.According to the second paragraph.CEOs'pay keeps soaring mainly because___________.A)surveys indicate that CEOsdeserve higher payB)consultants tend to believe CEOsare above averageC)directors'belief greatly influences the pay standardD)compensation committees seldom evaluate the CEOs'ability38.Scott Klinger most probably tends to agree Chat____________.A)most people lose money in the investment into the stocksB)the CEOsperformance can't be reflected by the value of stocksC)the CEOsare not the only factor that prospers a corporationD)the pay of the CEOsgreatly influences the profit of'a company39."Cream-of-the-crop"is closest in meaning to____________.A)competentB)courageousC)disappointingD)hard-working40.Which of the following is the biggest concern of the corporate boards?A)The free market.B)The CEOs’performance.C)The corporations'profit.D)The CEOs’pay.PassageTwo:When global warming finally came,it stuck with a vengeance（异乎寻常地）.In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century.Sea levels shot up nearly400feet. flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland.Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America.Europe and Asia.After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction,people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.The adaptation was farming:the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of thefuture,earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past-and how those changes have transformed human existence.Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold,wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most important.scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have bad a major impact on the evolution of the human species.New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution:from the dawn of primates(灵长目动物)some65million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs.from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture.Indeed,the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change,some scientists argue,it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environment summit in Rio.Among other things,the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign(宜人的)global environment that has existed over the past10,000years-during which agriculture.writing,cities and most other features of civilization appeared-is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages.In fact,the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future-even without the influence of human activity.41.Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged__________．A)to give up his former way of lifeB)to leave the coastal areasC)to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD)to abandon his original settlement42.Earth scientists have come to understand that climate____________.A)is going through a fundamental changeB)has been getting warmer for10,000yearsC)will eventually change from hot to coldD)has gone through periodical changes43.Scientists believe that human evolution________.A)has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB)has exerted little influence on climatic changesC)has largely been affected by climatic changesD)has had a major impact on climatic changes44.Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that__________.A)human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environmentenvironment will remain mild despite human interferenceB)Earth’ｓC)Earth's climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD)Earth's climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future45.The messagethe author wishes to convey in the passageis that______________.A)human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB)mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC)man bas to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD)human civilization will continue io develop in spite of the changes of naturePassageThree:Dr.Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world's energy future.It's a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark.But Sadoway isn't alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner,more efficient,and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar propels.The ubiquitous battery has already come a long way,of course.For better or worse,batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles,our screen culture,our increasingly globalized world. Still,as impressive as all this is,it may be trivial compared with what comes next.Having already enabled a communications revolution,the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones,tablets,and laptops,but also our cars,homes,and even whole communities.In emerging economies,rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power.Instead,some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today,energy storage is a$33billion global industry that generates nearly100gigawatt-hours of electricity per year.By the end of the decade,it's expected to be worth over$50billion and generate160gigawatt-hours,enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology.Even utility companies,which have long Viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat,are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today's battery breakthroughs come as the.world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it,while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet.Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question:how to make power portable.To be sure,the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station.A battery-powered world comes with its own risks,too.Whathappens to the centralized electric grid,which took decades and billions of dollars to build,as more and more people become"prosumers,"who produce and consume their own energy onsite?No one knows which--if any--battery technology will ultimately dominate,but one thing remains clear.The future of energy is in how we store it.46.What does Dr.Sadoway think of energy storage?A.It involves the application of sophisticated technology.B.It is the direction energy development should follow.C.It will prove to be a profitable business.D.It is a technology benefiting everyone.47.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?A.Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.B.The globalization process will be accelerated.munications will take more diverse forms.D.The world will undergo revolutionary changes.48.In some rural communities of emerging economies,people have begun to_____.A.find digital devices simply indispensablemunicate primarily by mobile phoneC.light their homes with stored solar energyD.distribute power with wires and wooden poles49.Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies_____.A.benefit their businessB.transmit power fasterC.promote innovationD.encourage competition50.What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?A.It might become a thing of the past.B.It might turn out to be a"prosumer".C.It will be easier to operate and maintain.D.It will have to be completely transformed.Part4:Translation（35%）Section A:Translation the following passagesinto Chinese.1.More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom ofthe world,and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve,shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining.But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here,with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire,but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.2.The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly“cultural”as well as language learning content.That being said,the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical,making direct comparisons between the three difficult.3.As for musical ability,it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear,a peculiarstructure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute.Section B:Turn the following passagesinto English:4.早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《英语翻译基础》(代码357)-新祥旭考研辅导
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《英语翻译基础》（代码357）I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with on e point for each .(30’)1. AFTA2. HSBC3. GMT4. NMD5. IOC6. DJI7. OECD8. CPU9. UNDP10. WMO11. WIPO12. liquefied petroleum gas13. file transfer protocol14. Certificate of Deposit15. World Food Program16. 思想库17. 产权单位18. 宏观调控19. 售后服务20. 大棒政策21. 人才外流22. 收盘价格23. 现货市场24. 人工呼吸25. 一次性补偿26. 公司所得税27. 个体工商户28. 非公有制经济29. 载人航天飞行30. 民族区域自治II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. (120’)Source Text 1:THESE HA VE BEEN THE BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation’s top universities—and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market, school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be changing.Williams College, a prestigious liberal arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3%—the smallest hike in 30 years.These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the whopping tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their endowments to control price hikes. Since 1980, college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation while the median income of families with college-age children has increased only 12%.Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years—but still more than twice the rate of inflation. “Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb gorilla facing colleges and universities,” says Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education in Washington.Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1.1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them.“If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need?” asks Princeton president Harold Shapiro. “No, because their tuition is fully covered.” The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person.To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on “autopilot,” says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed—and even squeezed out. (378 words)Source Text 2:起初，我们了解俞子丹只是因为他教书的才能。
外交学院翻译硕士口译考研真题
外交学院翻译硕士口译考研真题基础英语1.20个单项选择。
考词汇和语法，专八水平，比较基础，有一道很老的题，还有一道其他学校考过的，只是句子稍改了一下。
2.10个改错。
给出一小篇文章，在10行画线句子中找错。
比专八改错简单些。
3.6篇阅读。
外院每年都是6篇阅读，前五篇是选择，题目难度不大，基本上都可以从原文中找到，但要细心。
其中还有一篇是要在几个句子里，选出填到原文空缺处的考题。
最后一篇有变化，去年是考的问答，今年是给文章的每一段选一个可以概括该段的句子，总共需要选出5个，但给出了10个选项，需要认真分析，仔细阅读。
4.作文。
The function of a university(at least400words）前面给了几句不同人的看法，关于大学要不要提供和工作有关的课程。
翻译基础1.QE、API、FTAAP、UNCCC、ISIS、escape velocity、零和关系、零碳和低碳技术、集体供暖体系、贸易代表团、非约束性原则、部长级会议……总共是30个，其余的想出来再补充吧。
2.英译汉从网上搜了一下，没有找到原文，大概讲的就是奥巴马支持民权运动，与其他政治领袖的不同、以及讲述了马丁路德金是怎么影响奥巴马的。
总共是9小段。
3.汉译英从网上找到了原文，543字。
作者是美国加州圣玛利亚学院教授，首发刊载于9月4日发售的《中国新闻周刊》。
人们对不美好的、令人失望的事物可能抱三种态度：理想主义、现实主义和犬儒主义。
有研究者发现，这三种人生态度会分别在青年、中年、老年时期特别有影响。
人在十几、二十来岁的年轻时期，往往倾向于理想主义，特别有正义感。
一旦碰到不公不义、龌龊丑恶之事，便充满了愤怒，理想化地想要对它进行彻底的纠正。
打倒孔家店，推翻封建礼教，消灭封、资、修，占领华尔街，都是年轻人在那里冲锋陷阵。
中年的务实理想主义者希望能尽自己的力量做一些有益的事情：公益活动、议论时事、参与民间团体的活动等等。
他们很清楚自己所贡献的不过是绵薄之力，在有生之年也不可能期待实现多少实质性的变化。
外交学院国际关系考研真题
外交学院国际关系考研真题在国际关系领域，外交学院一直是培养高层次国际事务人才的重要学府之一。
考研真题是考生备考的重要资源，有助于了解考试内容和要求。
下面将通过分析外交学院国际关系考研真题，帮助考生了解考试形式和应对策略。
一、真题分析外交学院国际关系考研真题通常由选择题、论述题和案例分析题组成。
选择题考察考生对国际关系理论、国际政治经济、国际组织与国际法等知识的掌握。
论述题要求考生对某一理论、事件或问题进行深入分析和论述。
案例分析题则要求考生根据提供的案例进行分析和评价，并给出合理建议。
以外交学院20xx年国际关系考研真题为例，试题内容如下：1. 国际关系理论中，实力政治理论、结构理论和文化理论分别强调了哪些因素？2. 请简述国际关系理论中的现实主义和自由主义的核心观点。
3. 美国的“亚太再平衡”战略对东亚地区安全产生了哪些影响？通过对上述真题的分析，考生可以发现选择题主要考察理论知识，因此备考时需对经典的国际关系理论如现实主义、自由主义等进行深入了解。
论述题和案例分析题则要求考生在熟悉理论基础上能够灵活运用知识进行分析和推理。
二、备考策略1. 构建知识框架考生应在备考初期，通过系统学习各类经典的国际关系理论，包括现实主义、自由主义、社会构建主义等。
建立起理论体系，掌握各理论的核心观点和主要代表人物。
2. 增强理论分析能力针对论述题和案例分析题，考生需要能够准确灵活地运用所学理论进行深入分析。
在备考过程中，可以选择一些典型案例进行分析演练，培养自己的理论应用能力。
3. 多做真题真题是备考的重要参考资料，通过做真题可以熟悉考试形式和题型，掌握出题规律。
考生应多做历年的外交学院国际关系考研真题，并结合标准答案进行查漏补缺。
4. 增强英文阅读能力国际关系领域的学术论文和研究报告通常是以英文发表的，因此考生需要具备一定的英文阅读能力。
平时可以多阅读国际关系方面的英文文献，积累词汇和阅读理解能力。
总之，备考外交学院国际关系考研需要全面掌握国际关系理论、掌握分析能力和英语阅读能力。
外交学院历年考研真题(1)[1].doc
![外交学院历年考研真题(1)[1].doc](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ed471309af1ffc4ffe47ace4.png)
外交学院历年考研真题说明：1、从2003年起，每门专业课总分从100分调整到150分2、从2004年起，《国际关系史》考查的时间范围调整为1945.2000年3、从2004年起，专业课二调整为综合科目，包括世界经济概论和国际关系理论两部分1999年《国际关系史（1919-1995）》一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、拉巴洛条约2、史汀生主义3、的里雅斯特4、纳尔逊•曼德拉5、卡特主义6、以巳《奥斯陆协议》二、简答题（何题20分，共40分）1、反法西斯同盟的形成及其意义。
2、美苏《中导协议》形成的背景及其基本内容。
三、论述题（30分）联邦德国东方政策的转变——从“哈尔斯坦主义”到《东方条约》的签订。
《世界经济概论》一、名词解释（每题4分，共24分）1、福利国家2、南南合作3、服务贸易4、知识经济5、北美自山贸易区6、特别提款权二、简答题（您题6分，共42分）1、发展中国家的主要经济特征2、战后科技革命的内容及特点3、西方国家宏观经济调节的效果4、布雷顿森林体系及其瓦解的原因5、亚太经济合作组织及其主要经济合作成就6、国际经济协调产生的原因及主耍形式7、经济全球化对世界经济贸易的影响三、论述题（1题20分，2题14分，共34分）1、试论欧元启动对欧盟及世界经济的影响2、试述国际资本流动形成的原因及影响2000年《国际关系史（1919-1995）》一、名词解释（每题8分，任选5题，共40分）1、联合国2758号决议2、反弹道导弹条约3、参与和扩展战略4、柏林墙5、热那亚会议6、拉宾7、东京审判二、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1、开罗会议的内容及意义2、评北约的历史作用3、苏联解体对国际关系的影响《世界经济概论》一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、知识经济2、公开市场业务3、非股权安排4＞单一*经济5、W TO6、国际经济协调二、简答题（每题8分，共40分）1、西方国家社会福利制度的作用2、国际资本流动形成的原因3、区域经济一体化及其影响4、布雷顿森林体系的主要内容及其内在矛盾5、战后资本主义经济周期的特点及成因三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1、美国“新经济”的主要表现及形成原因2、试析欧元启动以来汇率变动的基本态势及其制约因素2001年《国际关系史（1919-1995）））一、名词解释（何题6分，共30分）1、《五国海军条约》2、《联合国家宣言》3、蒙巴顿方案4、马岛战争5、戈兰高地二、简答题（每题20分，任选2题，共40分）1、《苏德!£不侵犯条约》签定的背景及其苏联的政策得失2、简述“戴高乐主义”3、冷战后有关联合国安理会改革的不同主张三、论述题（30分）70年代美苏从“缓和”走向“第二次冷战”的基本过程及原因《世界经济概论》一、名词解释（何题5分，共30分）1、“休克疗法”2、最惠国待遇3、“替换帐户”4、商品的国际价值5、布雷顿森林体系6、出口导向二、简答题（每题8分，共40分）1、大卫•李嘉图的比较利益说2、战后跨国公司发展的特征3、加入WTO对中国经济的影响4、西方国家宏观经济调节的主要目标5、亚太地区经济合作的特点三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1、战后科学技术革命对世界经济的影响2、90年代美国和日本经济发展的新特点及其比较2002年《国际关系史（1919-1995）»一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、白里安--凯洛格公约2、波茨坦公告3、奥德■尼斯河边界4、田中角荣5、东盟地区论坛6、《马斯特里赫特条约》二、简答题（每题20分，共40分）1、1935年《苏法互助条约》和《苏捷互助条约》的基本内容及其相互联系2、埃及--以色列“戴维营会谈”的成果及影响三、论述题（30分）20世纪50年代美国在亚太地区建立的军事同盟体系及其性质《世界经济概论》一、名词解释（每题4分，共24分）1、盯住汇率制度2、贸易创造效应3、国际直接投资4、W TO5、经济全球化6、“长波”理论二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1、生产要素禀赋理论2、国际经济协调的动因3、产业结构的融合与软化趋势4、20世纪80年代发展中国家经济协调改革的特点和内容三、论述题（每题18分，共36分）1、试论浮动汇率制条件下影响一国汇率波动的主要因素2> 2001年世界经济走势的新特点概述2003年《国际关系史（1919-1995）»一、名词解释（每题10分，共50分）1、《m中奏折》2、敦巴顿橡树园会议3、克什米尔4、舒曼计划5、安理会242号决议二、简答题（每题20分，共40分）1> 1941年《苏日中立条约》签订的背景，内容及其评价2、尼克松主义出台的背景及其基本内容三、论述题（任选2题，每题30分，共60分）1、新中国建初期外交政策的基本原则2、德国统一的内部进程和外部进程3、联合国索马里维和行动受挫的基本原因《世界经济概论》一、名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、二元经济结构2、国际直接投资3、自然资源禀赋论4、金汇兑木位制5、结构性危机6、协议性国际分工7、贸易创造效应8、反倾销税二、简答题（每题12分，共60分）1、战后国际贸易的发展特点2、汇率目标区制度的基本要点3、国际经济旧秩序的主要表现4、东欧国家经济改革取得的成效5、中国加入WTO一周年简要厄I顾三、论述题（每题25分，任选2题，共50分）1、试论世界经济全球化与区域经济一体化的进展与互动2> 2002年世界经济走势的新特点概述3、论80年代后跨国公司经营战略的调整及其原因2004年《国际关系史（1945-200（））》一、名词解释（每题8分，共40分）1、“打扫干净房子再请客”2、奠边府战役3、《关于限制反导弹系统条约》4、“301” 条款5、阿富汗“北方联盟”二、简答题（每题20分，共60分）1、“东南亚条约组织”产生的背景及其覆灭的原因。
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题二外英语(代码248)-新祥旭考研辅导
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《二外英语》（代码248）Part I. Multiple Choices (20%, 1 point each)Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1 Our plan for a picnic was ruined by the unexpected rain; we _____ stay on campus.[A] couldn’t help [B] couldn’t help but to[C] would prefer [D] might as well2 Had Paul received six more votes in the last elections, he _____ our chairman now.[A] must have been [B] would have been[C] were [D] would be3 _____ the great inventions, he remained very modest and gave all the credit to his colleagues and played down his own part in it.[A] To speak of [B] Speaking of[C] Spoken of [D] Having spoken of4 As long as we are alive, we are learning and, in fact, some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____ in school.[A] other than [B] more than[C] rather than [D] better than5 The manager of the opera house has directed that late arrivals _____ at the door until the intermission.[A] be made to wait [B] were made waiting[C] are made to wait [D] should be made waiting6 Cultural values can be defined as assumptions _____ is right or wrong shared by the members of a society.[A] about whichever [B] concerning whatever[C] on which [D] as to what7 What do we live for _____ life less difficult for each other?[A] if not to make [B] unless making[C] as long as to make [D] even if making8 Once acquired, a habit becomes nearly automatic. _____ our capacity to acquire automatic responses, humans would be unable to compete successfully in the struggle for existence.[A] Was it not with [B] Were it not for[C] If it were for [D] If it were not with9 Some scientists think that trial-and-error methods help to show how intelligent _____.[A] is an animal [B] will an animal be[C] an animal is [D] an animal will be10 _____, women are better able to handle stress than men.[A] Strange as it may seem [B] As strange it may seem[C] It may seem as strange [D] May it seem as strangeSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that would best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence.11 Before the advent of synthetic fibers, people had to rely entirely on natural products for making fabrics..[A] modern [B] flexible[C] colored [D] artificial12 High in the sky a number of birds was flying southward.[A] pack [B] crowd[C] flock [D] herd13 Calipers are instruments that can be used to gauge the distance between two surfaces.[A] create [B] measure[C] fill [D] enclose14 Most doctors were dubious about the effectiveness of the new medicine.[A] anxious [B] pessimistic[C] doubtful [D] ignorant15 We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always sound.[A] unmistakable [B] unreasonable[C] unquestionable [D] healthy16 Louis looked solemnly at the people around him.[A] slowly [B] weakly[C] happily [D] seriously17 Despite dangers and difficulties, the soldiers were resolute.[A] uncomplaining [B] untiring[C] well-disciplined [D] determined18 The professor tried to stimulate interest in archaeology by taking his students on expeditions.[A] simulate [B] fake[C] encourage [D] diminish19 It provides an objective, unbiased, factual and accurate service.[A] prompt [B] impeccable[C] impartial [D] efficient20 The Civil War in 1863 cut the United States into two nations – a southern Confederacy and a northern Union.[A] severed [B] acknowledged[C] integrated [D] alienatedPart II. Cloze (15%, 1 point each)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] below the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gattingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager—too eager, it would turn (21) ________to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly. “I was able to (22) ________ Hilbert of the general theory of relativity.”(23) ________ all of Einstein’s personal turmoil at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to (24) ________. He was struggling to find the right equations that would (25) ________ his new concept of gravity, ones that would define how objects move (26) ________ space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he realized the mathematical approach he had been pursuing for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a (27) ________ pressure. Einstein discovered to his (28) ________ that Hilbert had taken what he had lectured and was racing to come up (29) ________ the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915, Einstein (30) ________ himself into a month-long-frantic endeavor in (31) ________ he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he rushed to give as lectures to Berlin’s Prussian Academy of Sciences on four (32) ________ Thursdays.His first lecture was delivered on Nov.4.1915, and it explained his new approach. To his (33) ________ he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from (34) ________ revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango with his competitor Hilbert. Worried about being scooped, he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov.4 lecture. “I am (35) ________ to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution,” Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.21 [A] up [B] over[C] out [D] off22 [A] convince [B] on counsel[C] persuade [D] preach23 [A] Above [B] Around[C] Amid [D] Along24 [A] emit [B] emerge[C] submit [D] submerge25 [A] imitate [B] ignite[C] describe [D] ascribe26 [A] into [B] beyond[C] among [D] through27 [A] complex [B] compatible[C] comparative [D] competitive28 [A] humor [B] horror[C] excitement [D] extinction29 [A] to [B] for[C] with [D] against30 [A] threw [B] thrust[C] huddled [D] hopped31 [A] how [B] that[C] what [D] which32 [A] successive [B] progressive[C] extensive [D]repetitive33 [A] subordinates [B] coordinates[C] followers [D] clients34 [A] casually [B] coarsely[C]violently [D]furiously35 [A] curious [B] conscious[C] ambitious [D] ambiguousPart III. Reading Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice. (20%, 1 point each)Passage OneFAO’s favorite myth used to be that the (fictitious虚构的) protein gap was being rapidly closed by the new fisheries. While fish production has indeed tripled since 1945, an appalling 45 percent of the current catch goes to the rich nations as oil or meal for industry or farm animals. Of the world fishery catch which is eaten, only a quarter goes to the developing nations.Today the oceans are up for grabs and as more nations invest in distant-water fleets, the depressing history of stocks fished out of existence seems likely to be repeated many times. While a world catch of double the present level would probably be sustainable (mainly by exploiting squid and fish not eaten at present) the likelihood is that catches will in fact triple over the next decade, and fall disastrously after that. The world community’s failure to regulate whalin g, in spite of the 1972 Stockholm environment conference’s call for a ten-year moratorium, is a depressing omen.36 In 1945, the world production of fish ____.[A] was 45% of what it is today[B] was half its present level[C] went mostly as oil or meal for industry or farm animals[D] was only one-third of the present level37 The international fishery situation today is that ____.[A] there is a keen struggle to exploit the riches of the oceans[B] squid and some other species of fish have become extinct[C] many fish not previously eaten are now being caught[D] whaling is irregular38 At the 1972 Stockholm conference ____.[A] nations were called upon to stop catching whales for ten years, but this call was disregarded[B] the decision to protect whales was put off for ten years[C] a plan was put forward to help increase the catch of whales[D] solutions were found for the depressing problems of the whaling industry39 The author gives the impression that he is ____.[A] indifferent[B] optimistic[C] subjective[D] concerned40 Which of the following titles best sums up the idea of thepassage?[A] The Fish Myth.[B] The Fish Crisis.[C] Wasting Protein on Animals.[D] Fishing on the High Seas.Passage TwoFrom the top of the famous Hyatt Regency Hotel in Atlanta, you will see a dramatic view of this beautiful city—toward south, the South Expressway leading to Hartsfield—Atlanta International Airport, the second busiest airport in the country; in the foreground, Peachtree Street, a canyon of modern skyscrapers glass and steel. The tallest building in the skyline, the First National Bank Building is surrounded by other giants—the New Trust Company Building, the Equitable Life Building, and the Peachtree Center, a complex that contains the largest merchandise mart in the South.Just beyond the business district, you will see the shining dome of the State Capitol Building, made of twenty-four-karat gold. To the right of the Capitol are rows of whit marble office buildings; further south is the Atlanta Stadium; and not quite out of sight is the Farmer’s Market, the largest wholesale fresh fruit and vegetable center in the South.41 The dome of the State Capitol is made of ____.[A] glass[B] steel[C] gold[D] marble42 Which building is the tallest? ____.[A] The Hyatt Regency Hotel[B] The First National Bank Building[C] The Peachtree Center[D] The State Capitol43 Where is the largest merchandise mart in the South? ____.[A] At the International Airport[B] At the Farmer’s Market[C] At the Peachtree Center[D] At the Hyatt Regency HotelPassage ThreeThe word horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the w orld’s first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power.Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do.He discovered that a horse could lift a 3300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3300-pound weight 100 feet in one minute.Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten horsepower engine.44 The selection says that Watt made the first____.[A] engine[B] steam engine[C] widely used steam engine[D] useful engine45 Watt wanted to find a way to ____.[A] measure the work his engine could do[B] tell people how powerful his engine was[C] lift a 3300-pound weight[D] Both A and B46 He made up a unit of measurement based on the strength of ____.[A] a man[B] ten horses[C] his engine[D] a horse47 The best title for this selection is ____.[A] Watt’s Engine[B] The Origin of the Term Horsepower[C] Units of Measurement[D] It happened 200 years agoPassage FourThe modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese king and an English princess.Prince Henry lived in the 15th century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, when he was 22, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him –Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to keep close to the shore. The caravel, which he helped design, carried more sails and was longer and slimmer than any ship them made, yet was tough enough to stand up against gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.The world owes credit to Prince Henry for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.48 Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of ____.[A] helping mariners[B] improving ship design and sailing methods[C] studying astronomy and mathematics[D] improving his own skill as a sailor49 The teachers in Prince Henry’s school seem to have been ____.[A] members of the royal family[B] astronomers, sailors and map makers[C] shipbuilders[D] All of the above50 Prince Henry’s principal achievement was that of ____.[A] making oceanic exploration possible[B] improving the compass[C] founding a school for mariners[D] building ocean-going vessels51 Compared with his caravel, Henry’s carrack was ____.[A] longer and slimmer[B] able to carry more sails[C] able to carry more cargo[D] shorterPassage FiveA Career in Banking?Salary $2,400 rising to $ 4,8000 after 7 years. In service training. Special 1 month course in New York after 1 year’s service. Low interest loans for house purchasers with no minimum service requirement. Satisfactory experience in all departments leads to automatic consideration for deputy manager’s post. Free medical insurance after 3 months’ service.52 According to this advertisement, the average pay raised each year will be about ____.[A] $310[B] $320[C] $330[D] $34053 If the applicant is accepted, he will have the opportunity to ___.[A] attend a full-time course in New York first[B] study while working[C] apply to the deputy manager for in-service training[D] take a special one-month course after 3 months’ service54 Which of the following statements is true? ____.[A] From the first day one works for the bank, one is entitled to enjoy a free medical insurance[B] The medical treatment provided by the bank is generally satisfactory[C] One would have to pay for one’s medical treatment until one has worked in the b ank for three months.[D] The new employee will be granted for free medical insurance from the very beginning of his employment55 If a new employee of the bank wants to apply for low interest loans for their house purchase, he or she ____.[A] has to work for the bank at least for 3 months[B] has to pass the in-service training[C] has to get the post of deputy manager[D] can have it without special requirementSection BDirections: Complete the summary of the following passage. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from this passage for each answer. (10%, 1 point each)Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit(因纽特人)families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws(融雪) .There are also reports of igloos (冰屋)losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost （冻土）melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects–if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock–on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly eager to find out what’s going on because they consider the Arctic the ‘canary in the mine’ for global warming—a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the world.For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outsider experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are trying hard to guard their hard-won autonomy in t he country’s newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is challenge in itself.The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeles s polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this area and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers few pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to deal with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs,pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It’s currently home to 2.500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic(游牧的) wa ys and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around bang￡7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.The following is the summary that You need complete:The threat posed by climate change in the Arctic is being reported as it has (56) _________ in the life of the Inuit. If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problem faced by people for whom this is home, and know that it is rather (57) _________. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in (58) _________ as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching (59) _________ and (60) _________ as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The (61) ________ people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few (62) ________. In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their (63) _________ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on (64) _________ for their food and clothes. (65) ________ produce is particularly expensive.Part V. Translation (35%)Section A (15%)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.It’s nicer when you actually earn it. Lottery winners, trust-fund babies and others who get their money without working for it do not get as much satisfaction from their cash as those who earn it, a study of the pleasure center in people’s b rains suggests.Emory University researchers measured brain activity in the striatum--- the part of the brain associated with reward processing and pleasure--- in two groups of volunteers. One group had to work to receive money by playing a simple computer game; the other group was rewarded without having to earn it.The results showed the brains of those who had to work for their money were more stimulated. “When you have to do things for your reward, it’s clearly more important to the brain,” said Gr egory Berns, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral science. “The subjects were more aroused when they had to do something to get the money relative to when they passively received the money.”Section B (20%)Directions: Put the underlined parts in the following passage into English.经贸关系是中美两国关系的经济基础。
外交学院考研试题及答案
外交学院考研试题及答案试题：一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 联合国安理会常任理事国包括以下哪五个国家？A. 美国、英国、法国、德国、日本B. 美国、英国、法国、俄罗斯、中国C. 美国、英国、法国、巴西、印度D. 美国、英国、法国、加拿大、澳大利亚2. “冷战”时期，以下哪个国家不是北大西洋公约组织（NATO）的成员国？A. 美国B. 苏联C. 英国D. 法国3. 以下哪个国际组织是由欧洲国家组成的区域性组织？A. 东盟（ASEAN）B. 欧盟（EU）C. 非盟（AU）D. 阿盟（LAS）4. 在国际关系中，“软实力”这一概念是由哪位学者提出的？A. 亨利·基辛格B. 约瑟夫·奈C. 汉斯·摩根索D. 约翰·米尔斯海默5. 根据国际法，一个国家的领土包括以下哪些要素？A. 领空、领海、领陆B. 领空、内水、领陆C. 领海、内水、领陆D. 领空、领海、内水6. 以下哪个选项不是国际关系中现实主义理论的核心观点？A. 国家是国际体系中的主要行为体B. 国际体系是无政府状态的C. 军事力量是国际政治中最重要的因素D. 国际组织在解决国际争端中起决定性作用7. 多边外交是指三个或三个以上国家之间进行的外交活动，其主要特点是：A. 双边性B. 多边性C. 单边性D. 非正式性8. 以下哪个国际条约不是关于人权保护的？A. 《世界人权宣言》B. 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》C. 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》D. 《全面禁止核试验条约》9. 在国际关系中，“相互依存”这一概念主要指的是：A. 国家间的经济联系B. 国家间的政治联盟C. 国家间的文化互动D. 国家间的军事合作10. 以下哪个国际组织主要负责全球环境保护工作？A. 联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）B. 联合国环境规划署（UNEP）C. 国际货币基金组织（IMF）D. 世界银行（World Bank）答案：1. B2. B3. B4. B5. C6. D7. B8. D9. A10. B。
外交学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题试题-新祥旭考研考博辅导
外交学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题This examination paper consists of 3 parts:Part I tests your mastery of basic English;Part II tests your ability to understand English in context;Part III tests your reading comprehension; andPart IV tests your ability to translate.Total Points: 100Part I: Basic English (35%)Section A (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1 The financial tsunami is _____ major concern of _____society.[A] the, the [B] a, /[C] a, the [D] /, the2 The first thing one should lear n at college is to study on his own. It’s time you _____ able to manage your time.[A] could be [B] be[C] were [D] are3 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _____ so serious.[A] wouldn’t be[B] will not have been[C] wouldn’t have been [D] would have not been4 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ________ by the police each time.[A] had been captured [B] being always captured[C] only to be captured [D] unfortunately captured5 Jane is ________ of the two sisters.[A] a more diligent [B] the most diligent[C] the more diligent [D] more diligent6 ______ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.[A] Looking [B] Looked[C] Having looked [D] To look7 He told me only part of the story ______.[A] so that was it [B] so that was this[C] and that was so [D] and that was what8 Tom is unfortunately devoid ______ a sense of humor.[A] with [B] of[C] to [D] from9 Before the eruption of the volcano, quite a few people noticed the _____ of the mountaintop.[A] bulging [B] sticking[C] protruding [D] prompting10 Many people thought that he was poor because everything he wore seemed to have seen better days, but he was actually a(n) _____ millionaire.[A] weird [B] queer[C] unusual [D] eccentric11-40（略）Section B (15%)Directions: You will find that in each sentence a word/phrase is underlined. Below each sentence you will find four other words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.41 Her brief, elliptical poems, most written in the 1850s and 1860s, sorely discomfited some but greatly delighted others.[A] annoyed [B] flabbergasted[C] disappointed [D] overjoyed42 The new mall has been an economic fiasco.[A] disaster [B] hit[C] nuisance [D] nuance43 What yo u see in movies doesn’t always jibe with reality.[A] match with [B] reflect[C] come to [D] stack44 He was neither pallid nor flabby, prison had not marked him in the ways she expected.[A] fat [B] depressed[C] outraged [D] weak45 Besides, the real factory, which is about five miles away, had been besieged by visitors for years.[A] surrounded by [B] beamed with[C] teeming with [D] cinched by46 As a keen writer and avid newspaper reader, Jenny had always wanted to be a journalist.[A] prolific [B] keen[C] dandified [D] seamy47-55（略）Part II: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with ten blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D for each blank and then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.The article refers to genetically modified fish. In the UK, and Europe, there has been a strong reaction against genetically modified(GM) crops: people are frightened of them, and do not trust scientific reports that they are harmless. Here is an extract from a report by the UK Food and Drink Federation.What about a moratorium on research?Some people in the UK and elsewhere are frightened of genetically modified crops; they argue that ___56___ with nature can have unpredictable consequences. So much has been written about the ____57____ risks of GM technology that there have been many calls for a “moratorium”on further research. Among those calling for a moratorium, different people have different views, as to what should be stopped. Some want all tests, even those in the ____58___, to be halted. Others want only to delay wider-scale growth of GM crops for commercial use.Supporters of GM technology point out that some ____59____ results are to be expected in laboratory experiments. The whole point of research is to carry out such experiments in the ___60__ of the laboratory and, learning from results, establish procedures and systems to minimize risks in the field. Thereafter, it is only through field trials, and the larger-scale farm trials, that the safety or otherwise of the technology can be ____61___.Globally, by October 1999, 25,000 field trials of GM crops had been carried out with no __62___ adverse consequences. Supporters of GM technology argue that a moratorium on testing in the UK would mean that the country would fall behind in developing technology that is used elsewhere in the world. Others take the view that our ___63____ environment is too precious to be put at risk, however ___64___ the risk may be. They point out the dangers of cross-pollination between crops that are GM and those that are not; when this happens, genetically modified crops find their way into ___65____.56 [A] interfering [B] damaging[C] tempering [D] adjusting57 [A] perceptible [B] observed[C] perceived [D] noticeable58 [A] field [B] farms[C] open [D] laboratory59 [A] outside [B] fortunate[C] adverse [D] adversary60 [A] realm [B] confines[C] boundaries [D] borders61 [A] resolved [B] determined[C] depended [D] devised62 [A] important [B] noticeable[C] signify [D] significant63 [A] virtuous [B] vulnerable[C] defective [D] balanced64 [A] likely [B] unlikely[C] remote [D] unusual65 [A] food-chain [B] food-crops[C] food-supply [D] food-storePart III: Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Passage OneQuestions 66 to 70 are based on this passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture---one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some c ases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.66 According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] All international managers can learn culture.[B] Business diversity is not necessary.[C] Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.[D] Most people do not know foreign culture well.67 According to the author, the model of Pepsi_______[A] is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.[B] is different from the model of McDonald's.[C] shows the reverse of globalization.[D] has converged cultural differences.68 The two schools of thought ______.[A] both purpose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B] both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries[C] admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world[D] both A and B69 This article is supposed to be most useful for those _____.[A] who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity[B] who have connections to more than one type of culture[C] who want to travel abroad[D] who want to run business on International Scale70 According to Fortune, successful international companies______.[A] earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas[B] all have the quality of patience[C] will follow the overseas local cultures[D] adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 71 to 75 are based on this passage.In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must app reciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rath er like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.71 What is the best title for this passage?[A] Advocating Violence[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence72 Recorded history has taught us ______.[A] violence never solves anything[B] nothing[C] the bloodshed means nothing[D] everything73 It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ______.[A] can’t get a hearing[B] are looked down upon[C] are persecuted[D] have difficulty in advocating law enforcement74 “He was none the wiser” means ______.[A] he was not at all wise in listening[B] he was not at all wiser than nothing before[C] he gains nothing after listening[D] he makes no sense of the argument75 According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ______.[A] law enforcement[B] knowledge[C] nonviolence[D] mopping up the violent mess76-90（略）Part IV: Translation (30%)Section ATranslate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)As a symbol of the extraordinary boom of the past decade, the rise of the big emerging economies rivalled the soaring US housing market.China led the way, followed at a slower pace by the likes of India and Brazil. But though they tried to insulate themselves against the boom-bust cycle by building up foreign exchange reserves, no amount of inoculation could render them completely immune to the virulence of the financial contagion that swept the world in September and October.In early November Beijing announced a Rmb4,000bn ($584bn) fiscal stimulus plan—a "shock and awe" manoeuvre that revealed just how concerned the government was.As for Brazil, a country traditionally susceptible to capital market crises has shown some resilience. But the coming slowdown, even if it does not qualify as a recession, appears certain to feel like one.For the moment, most of the big emerging markets are facing a severe drama rather than a full crisis. But their cushions of foreign exchange reserves have not been enough to insulate them from this year's extraordinary global economic dislocation.Section BTranslate the following paragraph into English. (15%)从二十世纪六十年代开始，一些新权利也同样在非经济领域得到了拓展。
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课基础英语
This examination paper consists of 3 sections:Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary, usage and grammar; Section B tests your ability to understand English in context; and Section C tests your reading comprehensionSECTION A: VOCABULARY, USAGE, & GRAMMARSubsection 1Directions: Choose one of the 4 answers given in each group which best matches the underlined par.1. Moreover, numerous examples will be found to illustrate the perils of nepotism in business.[A] preferential treatment [B] despotism in business practice[C] prejudice in business practice [D] excessive favor given to relatives2. But ground zero for American nepotism will be the November election, when voters will get to decide how they feel about the proliferation of family ties in our governing class.[A] exact point where a bomb strikes the ground[B] starting point [C] social foundation[D] origination of a tradition3. And whether he wins or loses, we will likely hear increasing speculation about a possible dynastic face-off in between First Brother Jeb Bush and Sen .Hillary Clinton.[A] losing face [B] confrontation between opponents[C] damaging one’s reputation [D] hitting someone right in the face4. The arms race became a way to measure who was winning.And since the central battlefield was quiet , both sides helped allies in their local struggles-in other words , proxy wars.[A] mock wars [B] virtual wars[C] unreal wars [D] wars fought for others5. For hardheaded reasons of self-interest , most countries would join together in a global antiterrorism coalition—if the United States would try to forge one .[A] foolish reasons [B] practical purposes[C] clear-headed reasons [D] shrewd reasons6. After a series of scandals going back to the J.Edgar Hoover era , many FBI brick agents thought they could not trust their own superiors.“None of the people on Mahogany Row backed up agents down the food chain when we were investigated for doing black-bag jobs against radical leftists,”recalled a veteran Gman.[A] wooden bench [B] the bureau’s executive suites[C] round table [D] leadership7. But the outgoing prime minister is already regarded by most Palestinians as an American puppet , and any attempt to shore him up would probably backfire.[A] make him stay [B] support him[C] oust him [D] discredit him8. Few American Sitchcoms have infiltrated global culture as forcefully—and as funnily—as “friends.”NBC’s long-running series , about six twenty something (by now, thirty something) singles navigating relationships in a whitewashed New York City, is broadcast in nearly 60countries and seen weekly by more than 40 million people .[A] Sitting-room comedies [B] Situation comedies[C] soap operas [D] popular comedies9. Still, a lot has changed since 1998, Then, Russia was out of control , prey to speculators and the whims of the rapacious tycoons who took over banks and newly privatized industries.[A] wisdom of joyous giants[B] impulsive decisions of insatiable magnates[C] speculations of ambitious CEOs[D] whimsical business leaders10.Among the more troubling elements of this tale, obviously, is how it highlights an enduring fact of Russian business life. At bottom, the scene remains ad hoc, changeable, prey to happenstance or even whimsy.[A] victim of disasters [B] easy to make happen[C] happen unexpectedly [D] subject to chance occurrenceSubsection 2Directions: Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs .1. Saddam Hussein was apparently convinced that US forces would never invade Iraq and oust him _____ power, say US officials familiar _____ the accounts _____ capture members of the former dictator’s regime[A] off, with, for [B] from, with, of[C] from, to, of [D] from, with, to2. US officials say that this account of Saddam’s misunderstanding _____ American intentions could well explain the haphazard way _____ which the regime defended itself and fell _____ early in the American onslaught.[A] by, against, off [B] of, against, off[C] of, in, apart [D] with, against, apart3. US and British Intel officials still say stockpiles of chemical _____biological agents will turn ______. But US defense analysts are paying more attention to a “working hypothesis,”based_____ stories told by Iraqi captives, that no live WMD may ever be found..[A] or, up, on [B] with, up, upon[C] of, out, on [D] of, on, on4. Rumsfeld insisted that risk aversion was less_____ a problem in the military_____ elsewhere in the government.But he acknowledged,_______ his own sometimes frustrating experience, that changing a bureaucratic culture takes time.[A] of, for, from [B] of, than, from[C] for, than, by [D] of, than, by5. Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein—now______ the hands of U.S.forces at an undisclosed location_______ his capture —says he did not have weapons_______ mass destruction before the war, two senior Bush administration officials tell CNN.[A] on, after, of [B] into, after, for[C] in, after, of [D] in, upon, of6. In a statement late Sunday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said the Chinese government hoped this dramatic development would be“conducive_______ the Iraqi people taking their destiny______ their own hands, and_______ realizing peace and stability in Iraq.”[A] for, in, for [B] to, in, to[C] with, into, with [D] to, into, to7. The president was first informed______ the operation at about 3:15 p.m. Saturday______ Camp David by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.Rumsfeld started the phoneconversation______ Bush_______ cautioning the president that first reports are not always accurate.[A] of, in, with, when [B] of, at, with, for[C] about, on, with, by [D] about, at, with, by8 Saddam said U.S.troops would face a bloodbath in Iraq, but his regime fell in_______ thana month. Advancing U.S.and British troops defaced______ destroyed many of Saddam’s monuments, followed later by ordinary Iraqis.Coalition forces now use many of palaces he had built to glorify his rule_____ bases.[A] more, and, as [B] less, or, for[C] less, and, as [D] less, or, as9. Every dynasty must take______ new blood from time to time, and Arnold is the David of the clan:a talented upstart who married_______ America’s royal family, he has suddenly put them back_______ the national spotlight after a series of recent defeats and unhappy reversals.[A] in, into, in [B] on, to, into[C] upon, into, on [D] in, to, in10.Americans think of sports as rigorously meritocratic.After all, if you can’t hit a home run _____ sink a basket you won’t last long _____ this arena.Yet family ties abound _____ major sports, as we will be reminded when baseball starts in April and athletes like Barry Bonds, Roberto Alomar and Moises Alou take the field.[A] or, in, for [B] or, in, in[C] and, in, in [D] or, into, inSubsection 3Directions: Decide which of the following 2 sentences in each group is correct, or whether they are both correct, or neither is correct.1. (1) The man was bare to the waist, sweating all over.(2) The giggling girls walked in bare feet across the soft meadow.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither2. (1) Some teachers suggested to call another mass-meeting.(2) The brick-layer at the top of the scaffold is calling more mortar.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither3. (1) You must hold your ground, don’t bargain away principles.(2) The young man bargains on making a fortune early in life.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither4. (1) The sun’s rays could not wedge their way through the barrage of foliage.(2) We picnicked at the base of the mountain.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither5. (1) The film was so wonderful that she was completely carried off.(2) He, a Hindu, has lost cast to becoming Christian.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither6. (1) I’m sorry, but you’ve dialed for the wrong number.(2) His screen career, for all practical purposes, had guttered out.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither7. (1) I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise.(2) The door cannot be opened otherwise than with a key.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither8. (1) The woman, so terrified, let off a shriek.(2) They will be expected to make their own beds.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither9. (1) The new method will be phased into the system.(2) The trams will be phased off.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither10.(1) At first blush, he thought they would be a perfect couple.(2) He blustered his way passed the man guarding the entrance.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherSubsection 4Directions: Choose an article (or zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage and blacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.Beijing respects ___1___ "desire of ___2___ Taiwan people to develop and pursue___3___democracy," but opposes efforts by ___4___Taiwan’s leaders to "cut off Taiwan from ___5___sacred territory of the Chinese motherland," ___6___Premier Wen Jiabao told CNN. Wrapping up ___7___ three-day trip to ___8___ United States, ___9___ Chinese premier said Beijing opposes ___10___ Taiwan referendum that may lead ___11___ island to ___12___ independence.Playing down any prospect of ___13___war over the issue, he said, "___14___ people of Taiwan are our blood brothers and sisters.So as long as even the slightest hope for ___15___ peace exists, we will work to our utmost to strive for ___16___ peaceful process.""However, we firmly oppose ___17___ attempts by certain security forces in Taiwan to pursue Taiwan independence under ___18___disguise of promoting democracy in ___19___ attempt to cut off Taiwan from ___20___ mainland."1. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil2. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil3. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil4. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil5. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil6. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil7. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil8. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil9. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil10.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil11.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil12.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil13.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil14.[A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil15.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil16.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil17.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil18.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil19.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil20.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nilSECTION B: UNDERSTANDING IN CONTEXT: CLOZE TESTDirection: Choose one of the four choices given in each group which best fits into each of the blanks in the following passage, and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.It was worth the wait.On Oct.15, after decades of fitful starts ___1___ spectacular failures for China’s space ___2___, Lieut.Colonel Yang Liwei, a ___3___ ex-fighter pilot, roared into the heavens to become China’s first man in space.During his 21-hour journey in the heavens, the38-year-old Yang maneuvered ___4___ in the tight compartment of the Shenzhou V ___5___, taking photographs, naps, and at one point ___6___ a tiny Chinese flag —an iconic image that would soon be broadcast to 1.3 billion fellow citizens back home.The ___7___ -control room outside Beijing burst into cheers, already ___8___ by a message from President Hu Jintao who announced that the ___9___ was “the glory of our great motherland.”Then, Yang fished around and produced another flag, this time a ___10___ blue one bearing the emblem of the United Nations, and held it up beside the red Chinese ensign.In a(n) ___11___ more important for its symbolism than its science, Yang’s flag-waving exercise sent an unexpected ___12___ to Planet Earth: not only had China joined the U.S.and Russia in the ___13___ club of spacefaring nations, it wanted to celebrate the achievement with the whole world.For the first time in centuries, China, ___14___ sensitive of its past as the isolated “sick man of Asia,”seemed confident of its own economic and political power, as comfortable strutting its stuff on the international ___15___ as any member of the G-8.Nowhere has this ___16___ confidence been on display more than in China’s rapidly improving international relations.In the past few months, under Hu’s leadership, Beijing has emerged as an increasingly sophisticated and mature ___17___ on the global stage, a power more intent on diplomatic ___18___ that preserves the country’s robust economic growth than on replaying the Maoist rhetoric of confrontation.“Hu puts more emphasis on ___19___ in foreign policy rather than on symbols,”says Chu Shulong, director of the Institute of Strategic Studies at Beijing’s ___20___ University, who advises the Chinese leadership on foreign affairs.1. [A] or [B] and [C] but [D] yet2. [A] project [B] program [C] dream [D] launch3. [A] young [B] small [C] little [D] diminutive4. [A] weightlessly [B] weightless[C] no-weight [D] feather-weigh5. [A] capsule [B] module [C] cabin [D] container6. [A] taking [B] clasping [C] handing [D] producing7. [A] task [B] launch [C] central [D] mission8. [A] gladdened [B] supported[C] encouraged [D] buoyed9. [A] launch [B]takeoff [C] liftoff [D] soft landing10.[A] light [B] shallow [C] pale [D] navy11.[A] march [B] flight [C] launch [D] expedition12.[A] news [B] headline [C] information [D] message13.[A] exclusive [B] inclusive [C] special [D] reclusive14.[A] ever [B] never [C] always [D] for ever15.[A] platform [B] venue [C] stage [D] place16.[A] newlyfound [B] newfound[C] newly found [D] new found17.[A] player [B] actor [C] actress [D] performer18.[A] practicality [B] pragmatism[C] realism [D] practice19.[A] content [B] substance [C] ideas [D] logic20.[A]Ch’inghua [B] Tsing Hua [C] Tsinghua [D] Qing Hua SECTION C: READING COMPREHENSIONSubsection 1Directions: Read the following statements carefully and complete each by blackening the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.1. America needs to change its attitude toward energy production and transmission. Unless we want to live with increasing fossil-fuel-based pollution and indefinite policing of the Middle East, we need to get away from the centralized-power-grid concept and start using alternative energy sources such as solar or emerging fuel-cell technologies. If the government and consumers are to spend billions of dollars upgrading the system, cleaning up air pollution and providing military and economic support in the Middle East, it seems clear that _____.[A] we should be happy with what we have been trying to do.[B] we should forget about the present electricity-grid system.[C] we should not police the Middle East with the view of getting energy.[D] we should be discussing alternative energy.2. Finally, someone has the courage to address the seemingly taboo subject of regarding suicide bombers not merely as evil, but as a phenomenon based on cause and effect. Suicide bombers haven’t risen out of a vacuum—they have been victims of oppression. In no way do I condone their tactics, _____.[A] but I have sympathy for their prolonged plight, and absence of more effective means to win their case.[B] yet, I give full support to their efforts, though futile, for attracting attention from the international community.[C] but to go after them in the way, for example, that Israel does treats the symptom, not the cause.[D] yet, in retrospection, their foolhardy action is a manifestation of their determination to win freedom.3. In your August 15 story“Who Says There’s No Second Act?”Jhumpa Lahiri says, “A true Indian doesn’t accept me as an Indian and a true American doesn’t accept me as an American.” happily, the novelist is wrong on at least the second premise.Anyone who would deny Lahiri or any other newcomer her acceptance in America is not a true American.True Americanness isn’t about place of birth.It’s about an attitude toward our fellow humans and holding certain truths to be self-evident.If Lahiri believes in the American ideas, she’s as American as I an,___.[A] and she would be accepted as both an Indian and an American..[B] and I happily welcome her to the fold.[C] and she would be accepted as an American, if not an Indian.[D] and she wouldn’t be troubled by thought of belonging to neither group.4. Your July 14 article “Return of the Jews”really agitated me.It sounds as though until now, it was impossible for Jewish people to live in Germany because we Germans were all anti-Semites.What is strange about religious people studying the Talmud in Berlin? Jews did this for hundreds of years in Germany before they were driven from their homes.Sure, national socialism killed millions of innocent Jews in the cruelest way.That must neither be denied nor forgotten.But most German Christians never discriminated against German Jews. Jewish people served our land faithfully (as in the 1870-71 war between Germany and France and in World War I ), and great Jewish scientists have enhanced Germany’s reputation.It is unfair to make the third generation of Germans after World War II feel ashamed for a history they never wanted.In German schools, pupils visit synagogues and mosques.We have many action groups against racism and fascism, and there are counterdemonstrations against fascist ones, ______.[A] Germany says“never again!”to fascism.[B] German fascism would be defeated for good.[C] German Jews are victims of fascism.[D] Jews were not discriminated against in Germany..5. I commend your August 25 “Letter from America,”which was a factual and not-too-biased note on the problems of living with timber rattlesnakes.I would have expected an urban magazine to be much harsher on our less-understood critters.However, I must complain about the photograph accompanying your article.You ran a picture of a Western diamond-backed rattlesnake, a species that is not to be found in upstate New York.To you, maybe, a rattler is a rattler, but it does a disservice to the undereducated public.It is kind of like running a picture of a coyote in a story about wolves or a bottle of Pepsi in a story regardingCoca-Cola.Media sources can also call on someone like me to verify species’identity._____.[A] No picture at all is better than a misidentified or misleading one.[B] Yet they don’t want me to do so, nor do it themselves.[C] To have a rough idea of something is better than having on idea about it at all.[D] Using wrong pictures are against patent law.6. Your cover story presents obesity as a global epidemic no longer limited to wealth countries.But I found this article indecent, and the mention of weight-loss clinics in Africa irrelevant.The rapid progression of obesity does not change the sad disproportion between the populations of rich and poor countries.Hunger and malnutrition still remain a problem in a vast majority of the world, especially in Africa.Let’s think beyond the borders of Texas or Utah.There are a number of health issues that should be presented at the global level.How about discussing AIDS, hunger or malaria? These are serious global epidemics, and I find it regrettable that the world’s diverse and complex reality_______.[A] was described with such indecency.[B] was presented with such a narrow mind-set.[C] was unrealistically interpreted and understood.[D] was beyond the comprehension of realists.7. My husband is a Navy reservist stationed at Camp Mitchell in Rota, Spain, and has been away since March 31. In June about 200 troops were sent home from Camp Mitchell, while 200 others remained. During the time the 400 troops were together, the reserve center kept in contact with us via e-mail, but now the Navy has lost interest in us and our spouses.Yes, our spouses chose to defend their country, but they were also told that things would be taken care of here at home so that they could concentrate on doing the job they were sent to do.I believe that because my husband was not sent to Iraq, the Navy feels that his needs and those of his family are unimportant.________.[A] If not so, who, then, are important?.[B] we have to accept it silently.[C] We have been ignored, with no reason at all.[D] Shouldn’t “supporting our troops”include the families left behind.8. In Newsweek’s portrayal of the pension situation in Germany, language such as “entitlements,”“generational fraud”and “coddled”suggests that typical pensioner enjoys a selfishly high standard of living.Nowhere does Stefan Their tell us what a real pension might be for Germans who have worked in nonprofessional jobs or how that compares to the cost of living.Nor does he mention the impact on the pension system brought about by reunification, the widening compensation gap, the high levels of unemployment overall and the special difficulty unemployed people over 50 have in reentering the labor market.Many retirees today, after long years of working in low-paying jobs, must practice old-fashioned thrift to subsist on their pensions.They are the ones —not the minority of the highly compensated who have had the means to save and invest—_______.[A] who will bear the brunt of reform.[B] who will acquiesce most humbly.[C] who will deal with the situation.[D] who will be left behind and forgotten.9. Thank you for your insightful report on the sophisticated and organized enemy attacks on US troops.Why was it so hard for the Bush Administration and Congress to predict that some Iraqis would continue to fight us after the downfall of Saddam Hussein? If a coalition of countries were to successfully invade the US for purposes of regime change, our citizens would employ tactics of terrorism against the occupying forces and attempt to destabilize the new government.The resistance would continue long after our defending forces had been defeated.The war in Iraq will go on_______.[A] until we encounter greater resistance from Iraqi rebels.[B] until the whole world is against us.[C] until we acknowledge our arrogance and pull the invading troops out.[D] until Saddam is caught in his hideout, dirty, unkempt, haggard.10.Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s anti-Semitic comments deserve scrutiny. He said, “Today the Jews rule the world by proxy. They get others to fight and die for them.” If his comments weren’t so pathetic, we should thank Mahathir for revealing precisely the mentality of the Islamic leaders he was addressing. Even if the Prime Minister’s assertions were true, they largely missed the point. If so many Jews were in influential positions, it would show the ability of Jewish communities to adapt to their environment and grasp what modernity is about. Constrained by a difficult history, Jews have had little choice but to find ways to integrate into host societies. Just as anti-Semites in Europe did in the past, Mahathir is mistaking a consequence for a cause. He misses the real target, the modern and globalized world in which Muslim society has been marginalized. Modernity wasn’t created by the Jews, and they don’t control progress. As Mahathir said, the Muslim world will wield far more global influence _____.。
外交学院英语试题及答案
外交学院英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "diplomacy" is derived from the Greek word "diploma," which originally referred to:A. A document of safe passageB. A treatyC. A passportD. A letter of introduction2. Which of the following is NOT a function of modern diplomacy?A. NegotiationB. MediationC. Military interventionD. Consular services3. The term "soft power" was coined by:A. Joseph NyeB. Henry KissingerC. John KerryD. Madeleine Albright4. In international relations, the concept of "sovereignty" implies:A. Absolute power within a stateB. The right to govern oneself without external interferenceC. The authority to make warD. The ability to form alliances5. Which of the following is a principle of the United Nations Charter?A. The right to self-determinationB. The prohibition of the use of forceC. The obligation to disarmD. All of the above6. The term "balance of power" in international politics refers to:A. The distribution of military power among nationsB. The economic strength of a countryC. The equilibrium of power among states to prevent any one from dominatingD. The political influence of a nation7. What is the primary purpose of establishing an embassy?A. To conduct espionageB. To represent the sending state in the receiving stateC. To facilitate tradeD. To provide consular services8. The "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" were first proposed by:A. The United StatesB. The Soviet UnionC. The People's Republic of ChinaD. The European Union9. The "Bretton Woods system" established after World War IIwas primarily aimed at:A. Regulating international tradeB. Stabilizing exchange ratesC. Promoting disarmamentD. Encouraging the spread of democracy10. Which of the following is NOT a type of international organization?A. United NationsB. World Trade OrganizationD. European UnionE. Non-Aligned Movement二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The _______ is the primary institution responsible for maintaining international peace and security.12. The term "Cold War" refers to the period of political and military tension between the _______ and the _______ from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.13. The "Marshall Plan" was an American initiative to provide economic support to Western European countries after _______.14. The "Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations" establishes the rules of diplomatic conduct and sets out the rights and obligations of _______ and their staff.15. The "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade" (GATT) was a legal agreement between many countries, whose purpose was to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers, and to improve trade conditions.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the concept of "collective security" ininternational relations.17. What are the main functions of a diplomatic mission abroad?18. Describe the role of the International Court of Justicein settling disputes between states.19. Discuss the importance of cultural diplomacy in international relations.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）20. Analyze the impact of globalization on modern diplomacy.21. Discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by diplomats in the digital age.五、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）22. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "Diplomats must often navigate complex politicalsituations with tact and discretion."23. Translate the following sentence from Chinese to English: "多边外交是国际关系中的一种重要形式，它涉及到多个国家在共同关心的问题上的合作与协调。
外交学院英语系研究生复试基础英语样本
外交学院英语语言文学专业暨外国语言学与应用语言学专业200X年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《基础英语》试题考试科目代码：713S ECTION A:V OCABULARY,U SAGE,&G RAMMARS UBSECTION 1Directions: Choose one of the 4 answers given in each group which best matches the underlined part, and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:E XAMPLEOnly individual benefactors and ad hoc grants have made possible the ecological surveys already undertaken.[A] special [B] additional[C] governmental [D] organizationalS AMPLE A NSWER[▬] [B] [C] [D]1 Mother‘s tact kept her from talking about things likely to be unpleasant to theguests.[A] wit [B] ability to say the right thing[C] common sense [D] instinct2 If the changes are clearly explained, then people will take to them readily.[A] become fond of [B] adopt[C] agree to [D] believe3 A tree which is late transplanted seldom takes well to the soil.[A] grows in [B] takes root in[C] adapts to [D] matches4 They might not consent to this drastic tampering with the basic structure of theplay.[A] measure affecting [B] revision which could damage[C] misinterpretation of [D] interference in5 Mary and her husband were a writing team working in tandem on the book.[A] closely together [B] in harmony[C] in turns [D] enthusiastically6 It is through the ubiquitous donkey that Athens keeps in touch with the countryside.[A] donkeys rarely found anywhere[B] the donkey that can be seen everywhere[C] very useful donkey[D] strong, tame donkey7 He could never break the umbilical cord which held him to nature.[A] strong bond [B] actual connection[C] thin rope [D] universal link8 Making a virtue of necessity, I put the best face I could upon it, and went aboutthe work she set me upon.[A] as it is considered a virtue to do it[B] doing it for virtue‘s sake[C] do cheerfully what must be done anyway[D] considering it a necessary step9 The vulgar language differs from the language used in a court‘s judgment or insermons of many preachers.[A] coarse [B] vernacular [C] abusive [D] slangy10 I am on good terms with most of them, but I cannot remember all their names.[A] have forgotten all their names[B] wouldn‘t bother to remember their names.[C] can only remember some but not all of their names[D] don‘t care to remember their namesS UBSECTION 2Directions: Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:E XAMPLEThe assemblage _____ so much talent and enlightened goodwill _____ a single proposal must give pause _____ anyone who supports the other side.[A] with, for, to [B] of, behind, to[C] of, to, to [D] of, within, toS AMPLE A NSWER[A] [▬] [C] [D]11 Many things _____ Japanese society puzzle Americans. But hardest _____all for Americans to understand is the Japanese devotion _____[A] of, of, of [B] about, of, to[C] in, of, for [D] beyond, of, to12 It was discovered in 1957 in Britain by virologists Alick Isaacs and JeanLindenmann _____ their investigation _____ a curious phenomenon: people are almost never infected by more than one virus _____ a time.[A] in, on, in [B] on, of, for[C] by, of, at [D] during, of, at13 Taken together, all _____ these accidents show that the risks we run _____operating nuclear power plants are intolerably high.[A] of, in [B] but, by [C] about, by [D] of, during14 Consider, _____ a moment, the salaries paid _____ entertainers. The fastestway to become a millionaire is not to become a corporate executive, but to become a big rock ‗n‘ roll star or a superstar _____ professional sports.[A] in, by, in [B] for, to, in [C] at, for, at [D] ink to, in15 Cognition is the process _____ which the individual acquires knowledge_____ an object or an event.[A] of, of [B] by, from [C] by, about [D] from, in16 A child growing up, or an adult transplanted to a society different from the onehe grew up _____, becomes socialized; that is, he learns the kind of behavior society expects _____ him in different situations.[A] within, of [B] in, of [C] Nil, from [D] in, for17 Television _____ virtue of its ubiquity has been the prime target of theswelling apprehension about media violence, particularly its impact _____ children.[A] in, on [B] by, to [C] as, to [D] by, on18 At Indiana University, where I am _____ the moment, the freshman and evensophomore courses in language and literature represent, _____ both content and level of teaching, what is taught in Britain two or even three years _____ the end of secondary education.[A] at, in, before [B] for, by, ago[C] for, in, at [D] at, for, by19 The newspapers were giving columns of space to inform (_____ misinform)them _____ the latest discoveries: a new dictum from Albert Einstein was now front-page stuff even though practically nobody could understand it.[A] and, of [B] Nil, about [C] or, of [D] or, on20 Europeans _____ time-honoured experience _____ the technique of painlesslyextracting cash _____ foreigners‘ pockets have correctly gauge that Americans like to travel abroad provided they don‘t really have to leave home.[A] of, in, off [B] with, at, from[C] with, in, from [D] for, in, offS UBSECTION 3Directions: Decide which of the following 2 sentences in each group is correct, or whether they are both correct, or neither is correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.E XAMPLE（1）There is a nice little house over there.（2）The house over there is little.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherS AMPLE A NSWER[▬] [B] [C] [D]21 (1) His gloomy forecasts have been increasingly vindicated with each releaseof sales statistics.(2) The three terms are arranged in the order of town, hamlet and village.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither22 (1) Everybody was wearing their shorts.(2) I told every single student what I thought of them.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither23 (1) I really appreciate having time to relax.(2) Have you ever considered getting a job abroad?[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither24 (1) When I got up this morning everything was lovely. The sun shone andthere was no wind.(2) Hilda was dancing, but when she saw me she stopped.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither25 (1) He is very sensible to other people‘s criticism.(2) She‘s not at all sensitive to other people‘s feelings.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither26 (1) The taxi should arrive at 8:30, but it didn‘t turn up.(2) I‘ve bought thirty pints of beer —that ought be enough.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither27 (1) The committee recommended that the company invest in new property.(2) He said it was important that every member have sent his subscription bythe end of the month.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither28 (1) There is still cigarette smoke in this room. Somebody must have beenhere.(2) Once upon a time there were three wicked brothers.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither29 (1) A skillful liar can often sound highly credulous.(2) Some people are credible enough to believe anything they read in anewspaper.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither30 (1) An eminent biologist has recently redefined the concept of evolution.(2) The leaden air and the black, heavy clouds informed us that a thunderstormwas imminent.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherS UBSECTION 4Directions: Choose an article (or zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage and blacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:OSLO, Oct. 7 –__31__ Nobel Peace Prize was awarded Friday to __32__ International Atomic Energy Agency and its chief, Mohamed ElBaradei, whom the Bush administration tried but failed to remove from his job just months ago.__33__ award was __34__ vindication of __35__ man and __36__ agency long at __37__odds with President Bush and his administration over how to confront Iraq and Iran. It could strengthen __38__agency's position as __39__ conflicts loom over preventing Iran from obtaining __40__ fuel it could use for __41__ nuclear weapons and disarming North Korea.For most of __ 42 __ last year, the Bush administration had tried to block Dr. ElBaradei from assuming __43__ third term as __44__ chief of __45__agency, a part of the United Nations, arguing that he would not be strong enough to face down Iran and __ 46 __ covert nuclear weapons program it is suspected of having. But the United States had no support from any of its allies, and ultimately had to withdraw its objections to Dr. ElBaradei's reappointment.__ 47 __roots of __ 48 __ disagreement stretch back before __ 49 __ invasion of Iraq, when Dr. ElBaradei was openly skeptical of the Bush administration's accusations that Saddam Hussein had rebuilt __ 50 __nuclear program. No weapons of mass destruction have since been found in Iraq.31 [A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil32 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil33 [A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil34 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil35 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil36 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil37 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil38 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil39 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil40 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil41 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil42 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil43 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil44 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil45 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil46 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil47 [A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil48 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil49 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil50 [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nilEND OF SECTION AS ECTION B:U NDERSTANDING IN C ONTEXT:C LOZE T ESTDirection: Choose one of the four choices given in each group which best fits into each of the blanks in the following passage, and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:Almost 15 years ago, in "The Work of Nations," I described a three-tiered work force found in most advanced __51__. At the bottom were workers who offer __52__ service, mainly in retail outlets, restaurants, hotels __53__ hospitals. In the middle were production workers in factories __54__ offices, performing simple, __55__ repetitive tasks. At the top were "symbolic analysts," like engineers or lawyers, who manipulate information to solve problems. Educated to think critically, almost all have __56__ degrees. They were the __57__ workers of the new economy.I predicted that advances in technology, and globalization, would widen the gaps in income and opportunity between these tiers. I was, sadly, prescient. In recent years, the top fifth of American workers has held 85 percent of the __58__ wealth. What I didn't predict was that the three tiers would change shape so dramatically. The top and bottom tiers are growing, and the middle __59__, much faster than Iexpected. Symbolic analysts now make up more than a fifth of all jobs in advanced economies, up from about 15 percent 15 years __60__. Their incomes in __61__ economies are soaring, relative to other workers'. In China, the wealthiest 5 percent now control half of all bank deposits. India's symbolic analysts are becoming a new national elite.Two __62__ groups of symbolic analysts are emerging: national and global. Most symbolic analysts still work within a national economy, manipulating various kinds of symbols with the aid of computers. They're at the __63__ of their nations' middle class —accountants, engineers, lawyers, journalists and other university-trained professionals.Yet a new group is emerging at the very top. They're CEOs and CFOs of global corporations, and partners and executives in global investment banks, law firms and consultancies. __64__ most national symbolic analysts, these global symbolic analysts conduct almost all their work in English, and share with one another an increasingly __65__ cosmopolitan culture.Most global symbolic analysts have been educated at the same elite institutions—America's __66__ universities, Oxford, Cambridge, the London School of Economics or the University of California, Berkeley. They work in similar __67__—in glass-and-steel office towers in the world's largest cities, in jet planes and international-meeting __68__. And they feel as comfortable in New York, London or Geneva as they do in Hong Kong, Shanghai or Sydney. When they're not working—and they tend to work very hard—they live comfortably, and enjoy golf and first-class hotels. Their income and wealth far __69__ those of national symbolic analysts.There's a good economic reason that this group of global symbolic analysts emerged. Global __70__ is now occurring on a scale and with a complexity that no commercial contract can adequately cover and no __71__ legal system can sufficiently enforce. Hence, global dealmakers must rely to an ever greater extent onan extended __72__ of people whom they trust.This __73__ of trust depends on personal connections—on "relational capital" that draws __74__ accumulated good will, and __75__ confidence that anyone within that trusted circle can be relied on to draw __76__ others equally trustworthy. Global symbolic analysts within a trusted circle share a kind of brand-name __77__ that opens doors and consummates deals. They spend a lot of working time in frontof __78__ and on the phone, but also devote significant time to face-to-face meetings, all over the world.The growing number of symbolic analysts is also helping __79__ the growth in the lowest tier, the personal-service workers. It used to be that about a third of the work forces in __80__ economies were in person-to-person jobs; now, close to half are. Today, more Americans work in laundries and dry cleaners than in steel mills; more in hospitals and nursing homes than in banks and insurance companies. More work for Wal-Mart than for the entire U.S. automobile industry.51 [A] country [B] economies [C] region [D] states52 [A] personal [B] personnel [C] privatized [D] person-to-person53 [A] and [B] or [C] and/or [D] and or54 [A] or [B] and [C] and/or [D] and or55 [A] / [B] and [C] or [D] and/or56 [A] no [B] university [C] tertiary [D] major57 [A] educated [B] scholar [C] professional [D] knowledge58 [A] state‘s [B] economy‘s [C] country's [D] nation59 [A] enlarging [B] shrinking [C] appearing [D] coming60 [A] ago [B] before [C] whereabouts [D] hitherto61 [A] collective [B] developed [C] private [D] developing62 [A] unlike [B] variant [C] dislike [D] different63 [A] core [B] middle [C] centre [D] centric64 [A] Different [B] Similar [C] Unlike [D] Dislike65 [A] dissimilar [B] similar [C] dislike [D] unlike66 [A] Southern Union [B] Eastern Associated[C] Ivy League [D] Southeastern League67 [A] context [B] environments [C] milieu [D] atmosphere68 [A] resorts [B] cities [C] place [D] auditoriums69 [A] overtake [B] passed [C] passed by [D] surpass70 [A] business [B] trade [C] commerce [D] guild71 [A] private [B] individual [C] single [D] real72 [A] community [B] team [C] contingent [D] network73 [A] sort [B] category [C] set [D] array74 [A] up [B] on [C] off [D] onto75 [A] up [B] on [C] in [D] onto76 [A] away [B] up [C] in [D] on77 [A] franchise [B] permission [C] grant [D] transaction78 [A] walls [B] drivers [C] chairs [D] computers79 [A] fuel [B] decrease [C] add [D] expand80 [A] advanced [B] backward [C] progressive [D] underdevelopedEND OF SECTION BS ECTION C:R EADING C OMPREHENSIONS UBSECTION 1Directions: Read the following passages carefully and blacken the correspondingletter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.P ASSAGE 1Questions 81-85 are based on the following passage:[1] The New World was already as old world to the Indians who were in residence when Europeans took possession of it in the sixteenth century. But the life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the Western Hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in North and South America has antiquity comparable to that of Old World sites. Man‘s occupation of the New World may date back several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.[2] Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast corner of Asia to the northwest corner of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow —it is 56 miles wide —but also shallow; a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus. With little else in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists embraced the idea that man walked dryshoed from Asia to America.[3] Toward the end of the last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host ofanimals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdom must have originated in Asia and spread to America. (There was evidence also for some movement in the other direction.) These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animal forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologist had envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their ways across a narrow bridge (in the absence of a bridge, Eskimos sometimes cross the strait in skin boats), the slow diffusion of plants and animals would require an avenue as broad as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.81 The land bridge across the Bering Strait was made by —[A] Asians who wanted to travel to America[B] Eskimo in fur skin boats[C] A raising of the land structure by more than 100 feet[D] zoologists and botanists82 The movements of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates that —[A] they could not have traveled across the Bering Strait[B] Asia and the Western Hemisphere were connected by a large land mass[C] the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one time[D] migration was in that one direction only83 The author is refuting the notion that —[A] life arose in America independently of life in Europe[B] the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth century[C] a large continent once existed which has disappeared[D] man has been on North America for less than 10,000 years84 By using the words ―boxed the compass‖ [see paragraph 2] the author impliesthat —[A] mankind traveled in all directions[B] the migration of mankind was from West to East[C] the migration of mankind was from East to West[D] mankind walked from Asia to America85 One reason for the migration NOT mentioned by the author is —[A] overcrowding[B] the existence of a land bridge[C] favorable environmental conditions[D] famineP ASSAGE 2Questions 86-91 are based on the following passage:[1] The first myth is the Myth of Defense. The moment we eliminated the Department of War and acquired a Department of Defense, we began deceiving ourselves. The Pentagon is still quite capable of waging war, but several years ago it lost the ability to defend the nation. There is no defense, if we use the word ‗defense‘ to mean ‗protection‘ or ‗warding off an attack.‘[2] The Soviet Union has about 4,000 nuclear weapons capable of being dropped on or hurled at the United States, about 150 of them deployed at any one time on submarines at sea. (That the United States maintain more efficient submarines with some 3,000 nuclear weapons capable of striking the Soviet Union does not make this country any more defensible.) A decade ago, Secretary of defense McNamara stated that one hundred nuclear weapons falling on the United States or the Soviet Union would kill at least thirty-five million people and destroy almost two-thirds of the industrial capacity of either nation.[3] In 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union conclude, after each had spent billions on research and development, that an effective antiballistic missile system could not be built. Fallout-shelters might increase the number of survivors of a nuclear attack and swell that part of the population fated to die a lingering deathfrom radiation, but ‗civil defense‘is a misnomer—the population cannot be protected. The leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union acknowledge, on occasion, that a civil-defense race will not fundamentally change this reality.[4] Proponents of the arms race are marketing the fantasy that a resolute people rising from irradiated ashes can survive and even triumph over the rest of the smoking world. Since the beginning of the nuclear age, the military has consistently underestimated even low-level radiation hazards and ignored the ecological and social catastrophe that would follow a nuclear exchange. Senator Richard Russel once voiced the fervent prayer that an American Adam and Eve would rise from the rubble to start the Free World all over again.[5] It is not difficult to understand why we base our national-security policy on nostalgia rather than reason. The power of the modern nation state that appeared some four hundred years ago has been based on its war-making capacity. The international order was determined by which nation could impose its will on the others in a contest of arms. It made a substantial difference whether Germany or France had more troops, weather Britain had more dreadnoughts than Germany. But even before the dawn of the nuclear age, the destructiveness and expense of warfare had grown to such a point that victory on the battlefield was a hollow triumph. Britain exhausted itself ―winning‖ World War I, and the sun set forever on the British Empire after it repeated the triumph almost thirty years later. The nations defeated in World War II, Germany and Japan, have done better than the victors. When we contemplate nuclear war, we reach back for historical analogies for simpler times and fall into the trap of thinking about stockpiles of city —destroying bombs as if they were a protection, like a wall.86 According to the statistics of this passage, which of the following statements istrue?[A] The Soviet Union has more nuclear weapons than the United States[B] The United States has more nuclear weapons than the Soviet Union[C] The United States has more submarine-based nuclear weapons than theSoviet Union.[D] None of the above statements is true.87 In the phrase ―but ‗civil defense‘is a misnomer‘‖(see paragraph [3]),misnomer means —[A] Wrong use of the term [B] Just the opposite[C] Misconception [D] Distortion of the policy88 With regard to the statement that ‗a resolute people rising from irradiated ashescan survive and even triumph over the rest of the smoking world‘, (see paragraph [4]) the author seems to —[A] Agree with its proponents completely[B] Agree to the statement with some reservation[C] Be indifferent[D] Disapprove89 Fallout shelters (see paragraph [3]) are structure for protecting people frombeing hit —[A] By bombs dropped from the sky[B] By falling buildings in the neighborhood[C] By nuclear irradiation[D] By A and H bombs that might be dropped overhead.90 According to this passage, the military has consistently —[A] stressed the factor of people‘s resolution when confronting a nuclear threat[B] foretold the future of a new world after a nuclear exchange[C] planned their strategies to meet the challenge of a nuclear war[D] underestimated radiation hazards and ecological and social catastrophe91 The author concludes that ―we base our national-security policy on nostalgiarather than reason,‖ because —[A] These policy makers are the type of people who are always homesick[B] They sometimes forgot their past experiences[C] They have a sentimental yearning for past glories[D] They consider reasoning to be something of less importanceS UBSECTION 2Directions: Read the following statements carefully and complete each by blackening the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.92 Francis Bacon is commonly exalted as the founder of modern science,although it is a fact that he never contributed any scientific facts or laws and that no significant contribution using his methods has ever been advanced. In fact, he is explicit in his rejection of all scientific work before his time. The reason for Bacon‘s popularity did not lie in his contribution to knowledge but in the romantic appeal of his philosophy, which attempts to organize science upon a set of rules that calls for no special skill, aptitude, or training. His was the promise of ―discovery which will lead to a discovery of everything else.‖It was an appeal for a utopia. It was a pleasant tonic for the age in which democracy was developing to believe that all scientific discovery can be accomplished by a set of rules that leaves little to —[A] philosophers [B] universities[C] superior minds [D] artists93 To call a desired but unexpected event a miracle is to say that the occurrence ofthe event seemed impossible. Recently drugs have been discovered that will cure or halt the progress of previously untreatable diseases. The fact that these drugs are referred to as miracle drugs is testimony to their remarkable —[A] discovery [B] popularity[C] effectiveness [D] compounding94 When we are very familiar with a certain sequence of events, that sequencealone seems inevitable and right. Caution is required to avoid the pitfall of assuming without further proof that because two events occur sequentially, there is some necessary connection between them. The observation that B has always followed A tends to provoke a hasty conclusion that —[A] B may again follow A [B] A is the cause of B[C] Be will never follow X [D] A will never precede X95 In nature, freedom from disease is not the rule but instead, the exception. In awild cornfield the best ears survive, to be sure, but even those will be very poor specimens. A large and perfect ear of corn is the result of man‘s work, not of nature‘s Similarly, a perfect human being is not once who survives in natural competition but one who is cultivated by society. Natural man was not one of great strength and good health in comparison with modern man. The more natural or untainted by society man is, the —[A] greater is his appreciation of life [B] less is his fear of disease[C] more primitive are his desires [D] less is his physical perfection96 Most traditional histories are nationalistic, patriotic, sentimental, andpreoccupied with the national ego and the delusion of the particular country‘s complete —。
外交学院外语系《248二外英语》历年考研真题汇编
目 录2007年外交学院英语系218二外英语考研真题2005年外交学院英语系218二外英语考研真题2004年外交学院英语系218二外英语考研真题（回忆版）2007年外交学院英语系218二外英语考研真题（代码218）Part I: Multiple Choices （20%）Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. ________ evidence that language acquiring ability must be developed through practice.A. If being B. It is C. There is D. There being2. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ______ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.A. being resigned B. having resignedC. going to resignD. resign3. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ______ halfa day before the defenders actually surrendered.A. to announceB. announced C. announcingD. was announced4. Mary claimed that her wallet was stolen, not lost, but her friend said she ______ it on the counter while shopping downtown.A. might leaveB. must leave C. should have left D. may have left5. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ______ my head in my hands for a cry.A. buryB. am burying C. buried D. would bury6. A man without an education is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances ______ of one of the greatest 21th century opportunities.A. deprives B. depriving C. deprivedD. has been deprived7. If the whole operation ________ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. has not been plannedC. had not been plannedD. were not planned8. As a senior student, you are supposed to know better than just ______ until the examination time.A. fooled aroundB. to fool aroundC. having fooled around D. to have fooled around9. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _____ this is meant that a concept inone language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.A. By B. In C. For D. With10. ________ the temperature falling so rapidly, we could not go on with the experiment.A. Since B. ForC. As D. WithSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that would best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Mr. Jones accept our suggestion and tried every means to ________ himself to his new conditions.A. adaptB. adoptC. regulate D. suit12. Now that you have moved into a new house, you must choose furniture that is ______ with its style.A. appropriateB. suitable C. agreeableD. consistent13. Brian cheated in the last math exam, so he thought he could ______ it again this time, but he was wrong.A. get rid of B. get away withC. avoid being caughtD. mess around with14. In the past most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women ______ this field is climbing.A. engagingB. dedicatingC. registering D. pursuing15. I guess Professor W ang hasn’t finished grading the papers yet. If he had, he would not keep us in ______.A. suspenseB. troubleC. doubtD. wonder16. Our new refrigerator ______ 70 percent less electricity than our old model.A. conservesB. consumes C. conquers D. accommodates17. Remote terminals in the home make the home the most ________ place to work in many cases.A. effectiveB. affectiveC. efficientD. affected18. When my boss said he would ______ me to another department, I was very pleased because I had been waiting for this change.A. interfereB. transfer C. dismiss D. transform19. John remarked after the meeting that the speaker was a woman of ______ wit.A. emotional B. accurateC. excellentD. exceptional20. When I am on holiday, ring me at my hotel only if there are any ______ messages.A. immediate B. instant C. hastyD. urgentPart II. Cloze （15%）Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] below the paper. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Today, the Tower of London is one of the most popular tourist 21 and attracts over three million visitors a year. It was occasionally used as a Royal Palace for the Kings and Queens of England 22 the time of James I who 23 from 1603 to 1625, but is 24 known as a prison mad execution place. Within the walls of the Tower, princes have been murdered, traitors 25 , spies shot, and Queens of England beheaded. One of the most famous executions was that of Anne Boleyn in 1536. She was the second wife of Henry VIII. He wanted to get rid of her because she could not give him ason, so he accused her 26 adultery. She was tried and found guilty. She asked to be beheaded witha sward. 27 the usual axe, which can still be seen in the Tower. The sward and executioner were 28 over specially from France and with one 29 the executioner cut off her head.The Tower was also the 30 of one of London’s most famous mysteries. King Edward IV died in 1483. His elder son, Edward, became king 31 his father’s death. Y oung Edward lived in the Tower, and the Duke of Gloucester, 32 protector, persuaded Edward’s brother, Richard, to come and live there so that they could play together. But then the Duke 33 that he was the new king, and he was crowned instead of the twelve－year－old Edward, 34 himself Richard III.After that, the boys were seen less and less and eventually disappeared. It is said that they were suffocated in bed by pillows being pressed over their mouths. It is believed that Richard ordered their deaths, 35 it has never been proved.21. A. seats B. scenes C. grounds D. sights22. A. until B. by C. to D. at23. A. reined B. reigned C. powered D. controlled24. A. hardly B. little C. best D. well25. A. ruined B. destroyed C. tortured D. wounded26. A. to B. of C. in D. by27. A. apart from B. besides C. together with D. rather than28. A. brought B. taken C. got D. won29. A. knock B. hit C. shot D. stroke30. A. spot B. scene C. place D. view31. A. on B. at C. with D. by32. A. their B. the C. his D. a33. A. announced B. published C. advertised D. revealed34. A. naming B. calling C. declaring D. giving35. A. so that B. since C. as D. althoughPart III. Reading Comprehension （30%）Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Y ou should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneNursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and－constructs a full－scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon from his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing a Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self－contained organization. There are nurse－managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties, they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel’s nurse－in－chief ranks as an equal with other vice－presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.36. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?A. The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B. Each patient is taken are of by a primary nurse day and night.C. The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D. The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.37. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB. in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC. in most hospitals nurses get low salariesD. compared with other hospitals, nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital38. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when __________.A. the present one is refused by the patientB. the patient complains about the present oneC. the present one proves to be ineffectiveD. the patient is found unwilling to cooperate39. The main difference between a nurse－manager and a head nurse is that the former __________.A. is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB. has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC. can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD. has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses40. The author’s attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is __________.A. negativeB. criticalC. neutralD. positivePassage TwoOne of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. W e naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oilrig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary, school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. W e feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oilrig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take. Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second hand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Y et it is almost certain that the used－car salesman earns more than the nurse, and the research chemist earns more than the schoolteacher.Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. Y ou can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so called “psychic wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul destroying monotony of his work. It is significant that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations”─nursing, teaching and the Church, for example—continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.Although the amount of money that people earn is in reality largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point for such an investigation would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the “social wage”, i.e. the welfare benefits which every citizen receives; and secondly, by the taxation system, which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Allowing for these two things, most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigrating （the so called “brain drain” is evidence that this can happen）. If it is more, the gap between the rich and the poor will be so great that it will lead to social tensions and ultimately to violence.41. The professional man, such as the doctor, should be well paid because ______.A. he has spent several years learning how to do his jobB. his work involves much greater intelligence than, say, a bus conductor’sC. he has to work much harder than most other peopleD. he knows more than other people about his subject42.The “brain drain” is evidence that ______.A. well－educated people are prepared to emigrate whenever they can get a better－paid jobB. people with jobs of responsibility expect to be highly paidC. high taxation is a useful and effective instrument of social justiceD. the poor are generally more patriotic than the rich43. As far as rewarding people for their work is concerned, the writer believes that ______.A. we should pay for socially useful work, regardless of the person’s talentB. we should pay people according to their talentsC. market forces will determine how much a person is paidD. qualified people should be the highest paid44. The argument of the “psychic wage” is used to explain why ______.A. people who do socially important work are not always well paidB. people who do monotonous jobs are highly paidC. you should not try to compare the pay of different professionsD. some professional people are paid more than others45. The writer says that in many countries the taxation system ______.A. provides encouragement to those who work hardestB. makes the rich provide the biggest share of the national incomeC. reduces the difference between high and low incomesD. enables low－paid workers to keep most of their wagesPassage ThreeNo woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess （公爵夫人）of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for thebetter─or worse─part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well－being.Today the opposite is true. W e have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat─or even only somewhat overweight─is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength. Our obsession （迷恋） with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country, we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high－fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem─too much fat and a lack of fiber─than a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. W e should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get （or already are） thin think they are automatically healthy and thus flee from paying attention to their overall life －style. Thinness can be pure vainglory（虚荣）.46. In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that ______.A. religious people are not necessarily virtuousB. looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortuneC. being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD. the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman virtue47.Swept by the prevailing trend, the author ______.A. had to wear highly fashionable clothesB. had to seek help from rich distant relativesC. had to go on a diet for the greater part of her lifeD. could still prevent herself from going off the track48.In human history, people’s views on body weight ______.A. changed from time to timeB. led to different moral standardsC. varied between the poor and the richD. were closely related to their religious beliefs49.The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness ______.A. from a historical and religious standpointB. from sociological and medical points of viewC. from an economic and educational perspectiveD. in the light of moral principles50. What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?A. They should gain v－eight to look healthy.B. They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C. They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.D. They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes.Part V Translation （35%）Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese.More and more English－educated Chinese Singaporean parents are becoming increasingly conscious of the importance for their children to be proficient not only in the all－important English language, but also in Chinese.The emergence of China as a potential political and economic superpower has driven home to them that, becoming bilingual will not only enhance their children’s employment prospects, but also make them a man of two cultures.This drastic change in these Chinese Singaporeans’ perception of the usefulness of Chinese is quite remarkable.Not so long ago, they would be proud to proclaim that they knew only English and some even felt somewhat contemptuous of the Chinese culture.Section BDirections: Put the following sentences into English1．两岸关系朝羞和平稳定、互利共赢方向发展是人心所向，任何人妄图破坏这种大趋势是注定要失败的。
外交学院(已有10试题)
外交学院
二外法语2001——2005（另有样题一份）
二外日语2002——2003（另有样题一份）
英译中与英语写作2000，2002
中译英2000，2002
翻译（中译英、英译中）2003，2010（2010为回忆版）（另有样题一份）
基础英语2001——2003（另有样题一份）
二外英语（有样题一份）
基础法语（有样题一份）
汉法互译（有样题一份）
当代国际政治与中国外交2000
当代中国外交（有样题一份）
战后国际关系与当代中国外交2004
国际政治概论2004（另有样题一份）
外交学概论2000——2006（另有样题一份）
国际关系史1999,2000，2001，2002，2003，2004，2005，2008，2010（2010为回忆版）（另有样题一份）
政治学2010（回忆版）
国际关系理论与政治学2008
综合科目（世界经济概论、国际关系理论）2004，2005（另有样题一份）
世界经济概论2000——2003
综合科目（民法、商法、刑法、宪法）2000，2001，2002，2003，2005（另有样题一份）
国际法专业科目(国际公法、国际私法、国际经济法)2000，2001，2002，2003，2004，2005（另有样题一份）
经济学综合（含微观与宏观经济学、世界经济概论）（有样题一份）
经济学综合2004-2005（2004有答案）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
外交学院200X年研究生入学考试英语专业试题外交学院英语语言文学专业暨外国语言学与应用语言学专业200X年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《基础英语》试题(样题)考试科目代码：313This examination paper consists of3sections:Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary,usage and grammar;Section B tests your ability to understand English in context;andSection C tests your reading comprehension.You MUST use the ANSWER SHEET attached to this testbook.Direct answers on the testbook shall be regarded as INVALID answers.TIME allowed:180minutes.Do not spend too much time on any one particular item.SECTION A:VOCABULARY,USAGE,&GRAMMARSubsection1Directions:Choose one of the4answers given in each group which best matches the underlined part,and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet: ExampleOnly individual benefactors and ad hoc grants have made possible the ecological surveys already undertaken.[A]special additional[C]governmental[D]organizationalSample Answer[●][B][C][D]1.Moreover,numerous examples will be found to illustrate the perils of nepotism in business.[A]preferential treatment[B]despotism in business practice[C]prejudice in business practice[D]excessive favor given to relatives2.But ground zero for American nepotism will be the November election,when voters will get to decide how they feel about the proliferation of family ties in our governing class.[A]exact point where a bomb strikes the ground[B]starting point[C]social foundation[D]origination of a tradition…………10.Among the more troubling elements of this tale,obviously,is how it highlights an enduring fact of Russian business life.At bottom,the scene remains ad hoc,changeable,prey to happenstance or even whimsy.[A]victim of disasters[B]easy to make happen[C]happen unexpectedly[D]subject to chance occurrenceSubsection2Directions:Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the4given sets of prepositions/adverbs and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:ExampleThe assemblage_____so much talent and enlightened goodwill_____a single proposal must give pause_____anyone who supports the other side.[A]with,for,to[B]of,behind,to[C]of,to,to[D]of,within,toSample Answer[A][●][C][D]1.Saddam Hussein was apparently convinced that US forces would never invade Iraq and oust him _____power,say US officials familiar_____the accounts_____capture members of the former dictator’s regime.[A]off,with,for[B]from,with,of[C]from,to,of[D]from,with,to officials say that this account of Saddam’s misunderstanding_____American intentions could well explain the haphazard way_____which the regime defended itself and fell_____early in the American onslaught.[A]by,against,off[B]of,against,off[C]of,in,apart[D]with,against,apart10.Americans think of sports as rigorously meritocratic.After all,if you can’t hit a home run _____sink a basket you won’t last long_____this arena.Yet family ties abound_____major sports,as we will be reminded when baseball starts in April and athletes like Barry Bonds, Roberto Alomar and Moises Alou take the field.[A]or,in,for[B]or,in,in[C]and,in,in[D]or,into,inSubsection3Directions:Decide which of the following2sentences in each group is correct,or whether they are both correct,or neither is correct.Then blacken the corresponding letter of the choice youhave made in the Answer Sheet.Example（1）There is a nice little house over there.（2）The house over there is little.[A](1)[B](2)[C]Both[D]NeitherSample Answer[●][B][C][D]1.(1)The man was bare to the waist,sweating all over.(2)The giggling girls walked in bare feet across the soft meadow.[A](1)[B](2)[C]Both[D]Neither2.(1)Some teachers suggested to call another mass-meeting.(2)The brick-layer at the top of the scaffold is calling more mortar.[A](1)[B](2)[C]Both[D]Neither10.(1)At first blush,he thought they would be a perfect couple.(2)He blustered his way passed the man guarding the entrance.[A](1)[B](2)[C]Both[D]NeitherSubsection4Directions:Choose an article(or zero article)that best fits into each blank in the following passage and blacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:Beijing respects___1___"desire of___2___Taiwan people to develop and pursue ___3___democracy,"but opposes efforts by___4___Taiwan's leaders to"cut off Taiwan from ___5___sacred territory of the Chinese motherland,"___6___Premier Wen Jiabao told CNN. Wrapping up___7___three-day trip to___8___United States,___9___Chinese premier said Beijing opposes___10___Taiwan referendum that may lead___11___island to___12___ independence.Playing down any prospect of___13___war over the issue,he said,"___14___people of Taiwan are our blood brothers and sisters.So as long as even the slightest hope for___15___ peace exists,we will work to our utmost to strive for___16___peaceful process." "However,we firmly oppose___17___attempts by certain security forces in Taiwan to pursue Taiwan independence under___18___disguise of promoting democracy in___19___attempt to cut off Taiwan from___20___mainland."1.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil2.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil3.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil4.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil5.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil6.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil7.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil8.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil9.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil10.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil11.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil12.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil13.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil14.[A]A[B]An[C]The[D]Nil15.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil16.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil17.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil18.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil19.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nil20.[A]a[B]an[C]the[D]nilEND OF SECTION ASECTION B:UNDERSTANDING IN CONTEXT:CLOZE TESTDirection:Choose one of the four choices given in each group which best fits into each of the blanks in the following passage,and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:It was worth the wait.On Oct.15,after decades of fitful starts___1___spectacular failures for China’s space___2___,Lieut.Colonel Yang Liwei,a___3___ex-fighter pilot,roared into the heavens to become China’s first man in space.During his21-hour journey in the heavens,the 38-year-old Yang maneuvered___4___in the tight compartment of the Shenzhou V___5___, taking photographs,naps,and at one point___6___a tiny Chinese flag—an iconic image that would soon be broadcast to1.3billion fellow citizens back home.The___7___-control room outside Beijing burst into cheers,already___8___by a message from President Hu Jintao who announced that the___9___was“the glory of our great motherland.”Then,Yang fished around and produced another flag,this time a___10___blue one bearing the emblem of the United Nations,and held it up beside the red Chinese ensign.In a(n)___11___more important for its symbolism than its science,Yang’s flag-waving exercise sent an unexpected___12___to Planet Earth:not only had China joined the U.S.and Russia in the___13___club of spacefaring nations,it wanted to celebrate the achievement with the whole world.For the first time in centuries,China,___14___sensitive of its past as the isolated“sick man of Asia,”seemed confident of its own economic and political power,as comfortable strutting its stuff on the international___15___as any member of the G-8. Nowhere has this___16___confidence been on display more than in China’s rapidly improving international relations.In the past few months,under Hu’s leadership,Beijing has emerged as an increasingly sophisticated and mature___17___on the global stage,a power more intent on diplomatic___18___that preserves the country’s robust economic growth than on replaying theMaoist rhetoric of confrontation.“Hu puts more emphasis on___19___in foreign policy rather than on symbols,”says Chu Shulong,director of the Institute of Strategic Studies at Beijing’s ___20___University,who advises the Chinese leadership on foreign affairs.1.[A]or[B]and[C]but[D]yet2.[A]project[B]program[C]dream[D]launch3.[A]young[B]small[C]little[D]diminutive4.[A]weightlessly[B]weightless[C]no-weight[D]feather-weight5.[A]capsule[B]module[C]cabin[D]container6.[A]taking[B]clasping[C]handing[D]producing7.[A]task[B]launch[C]central[D]mission8.[A]gladdened[B]supported[C]encouraged[D]buoyed9.[A]launch[B]takeoff[C]liftoff[D]soft landing10.[A]light[B]shallow[C]pale[D]navy11.[A]march[B]flight[C]launch[D]expedition12.[A]news[B]headline[C]information[D]message13.[A]exclusive[B]inclusive[C]special[D]reclusive14.[A]ever[B]never[C]always[D]for ever15.[A]platform[B]venue[C]stage[D]place16.[A]newlyfound[B]newfound[C]newly found[D]new found17.[A]player[B]actor[C]actress[D]performer18.[A]practicality[B]pragmatism[C]realism[D]practice19.[A]content[B]substance[C]ideas[D]logic20.[A]Ch’inghua[B]Tsing Hua[C]Tsinghua[D]Qing HuaEND OF SECTION BSECTION C:READING COMPREHENSIONSubsection1Directions:Read the following statements carefully and complete each by blackening the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.1.America needs to change its attitude toward energy production and transmission.Unless we want to live with increasing fossil-fuel-based pollution and indefinite policing of the Middle East, we need to get away from the centralized-power-grid concept and start using alternative energy sources such as solar or emerging fuel-cell technologies.If the government and consumers are to spend billions of dollars upgrading the system,cleaning up air pollution and providing military and economic support in the Middle East,it seems clear that_____.[A]we should be happy with what we have been trying to do.[B]we should forget about the present electricity-grid system.[C]we should not police the Middle East with the view of getting energy.[D]we should be discussing alternative energy.2.Finally,someone has the courage to address the seemingly taboo subject of regarding suicide bombers not merely as evil,but as a phenomenon based on cause and effect.Suicide bombers haven’t risen out of a vacuum—they have been victims of oppression.In no way do I condone their tactics,_____.[A]but I have sympathy for their prolonged plight,and absence of more effective means to win their case.[B]yet,I give full support to their efforts,though futile,for attracting attention from the international community.[C]but to go after them in the way,for example,that Israel does treats the symptom,not the cause.[D]yet,in retrospection,their foolhardy action is a manifestation of their determination to win freedom.……10.Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s anti-Semitic comments deserve scrutiny.He said,“Today the Jews rule the world by proxy.They get others to fight and die for them.”If his comments weren’t so pathetic,we should thank Mahathir for revealing precisely the mentality of the Islamic leaders he was addressing.Even if the Prime Minister’s assertions were true,they largely missed the point.If so many Jews were in influential positions,it would show the ability of Jewish communities to adapt to their environment and grasp what modernity is about. Constrained by a difficult history,Jews have had little choice but to find ways to integrate into host societies.Just as anti-Semites in Europe did in the past,Mahathir is mistaking a consequence for a cause.He misses the real target,the modern and globalized world in which Muslim society has been marginalized.Modernity wasn’t created by the Jews,and they don’t control progress.As Mahathir said,the Muslim world will wield far more global influence _____.[A]if it opens up its economies.[B]if it fights terrorism.[C]if it fights terrorism and opens up its economies.[D]if it goes along with the rest of the world.Subsection2Directions:Read the following passages carefully and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.Passage1Questions1-5are based on the following passage:[1]In the eighteenth century,Japan’s feudal overlords,from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress.In part,this stress can be attributed to the overlords’failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy,but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’control.Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency,in turn,had put temptations in the way of buyers.Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace,encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time,it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.Overlords’income,despite the increase in rice production amongtheir tenant farmers,failed to keep pace with their expenses.Although shortfalls in overlords’income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors(the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary officeholding)as from their higher standards of living,a misfortune like a fire or flood,bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue,could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances.Once in debt,neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.[2]It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited,and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun form his huge domain,the government too was constrained.Therefore,the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue.Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted,although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss.Opening up new farmland was a possibility,but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible.Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This lift the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.[3]Most of the country’s wealth,or so it seemed,was finding its way into the hands of city merchants.It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state.A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans,known as goyo-kin;although these were not taxes in the strict sense,since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount,they were high in yield.Unfortunately, they pushed up prices.Thus,regrettably,the Tokugawa shoguns’search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.1.Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?[A]A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment,but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.[B]Fire destroys a small business,but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.[C]A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency and thereby compensate for a loss of revenue.[D]A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.2.According to the passage,the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that[A]profits from mining had declined[B]spending had outdistanced income[C]the samurai had concentrated in castle-towns[D]the coinage had been sharply debased3.The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of the following reasons?[A]Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.[B]The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.[C]There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.[D]The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as government revenues increased.4.The passage suggests that,in eighteenth-century Japan,the office of the tax collector[A]remained within families[B]was regarded with derision by many Japanese[C]was a source of personal profit to the officeholder[D]took up most of the officeholder’s time5.According to the passage,the actions or the Tokugawa shoguns in their search for solvency for the government were regrettable because those actions[A]resulted in the exhaustion of the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold[B]raised the cost of living by pushing up prices[C]were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipated[D]acted as deterrent to tradePassage2Questions6-10are based on the following passage:Passage3Questions11-15are based on the following passage:END OF SECTION CEND OF EXAMINATION外交学院英语语言文学专业暨外国语言学与应用语言学专业200X年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《翻译》试卷(样题)该考试科目代码为：404This test paper consists of two parts,namely,English into Chinese translation and Chinese into English translation.The total hours of work is3hours.10×15＝150pointsPart One:English into Chinese TranslationDirections:Translate the following2passages into Chinese;read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translations in the sheets locally provided.To facilitate grading,the texts have been broken into groups of sentences,each group being given a serial number,therefore,when you write your versions,you MUST QUOTE the serial number also,put the number before each version.Please write neatly and intelligibly.Passage1:⑴American forces recently completed the largest joint war-fighting exercise they have ever held,a three-week,$250million operation that involved13,500military and civilian personnel battling in nine live exercise ranges across the United States and in double that many computer simulations. Results from the mock combat planned for two years,are expected to shape planning against future adversaries.⑵As they compiled lessons from the exercise,called Millennium Challenge2002,officers praised new air-borne communications that allowed commanders to stay in touch with far-flung fighting forces as never before,even while in transcontinental flight to the battlefield.They also emphasized the importance of combining their destructive power with attacks on computer networks as well as with diplomacy.⑶Gen.William F.Kernan,head of the United States Joint Forces Command that organized and operated the war game,said the exercise showed the importance of a Standing Joint Force Headquarters to coordinate the efforts of all the armed services during wartime.The idea,he said,is to avoid“the ad hoc nature”of past wartime command headquarters,thrown together in time of emergence.The standing headquarters would“provide future commanders with a skill set of people with military specialties and a solid appreciation for the complexities of the region,”he said.⑷Enemy planes and ships conducted innocent-looking maneuvers for several days in a row, establishing a pattern that did not appear threatening.But the maneuvers left the forces well positioned for a surprise attack,which was initiated using code words during the morning call to prayer from the nation’s minarets.Passage2:⑸Six years ago I saw the eminent historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr.speak of his theories on30-yearcycles of history.After the lecture he fielded some questions from the audience,the last one being,“Why should we study history?”I sank in my chair,for this question invariably leads to a response filled with sanctimonious platitudes,or pithy quotations by George Bancroft,George Santayana or Woodrow Wilson.Instead Schlesinger looked down and replied matter-of-factly,“First of all,it's a lot of fun.”⑹I was taken aback;in academic circles fun is not supposed to be part of the equation.Rewarding, important,essential but certainly not fun.Fun trivializes the subject matter,stunts one’s intellectual growth and flies in the face of our puritan tradition of grim self-determination.After all,the purpose of teaching history and social studies in secondary schools is to build a responsible citizenry for the republic—quite serious business.⑺I also felt exposed,for Schlesinger had found me out.I didn’t become a history teacher becauseI thought it important;I became a history teacher because there’s nothing more fun than history.I was preventing a confrontation with my great fear in life—boredom—by casting my lot with the story of humankind.And having a hell of a time,I might add⑻Of course I tried to conceal my enjoyment from those in the profession who saw teaching as a mission,since exuberance in the workplace implies a lack of seriousness,making one suspect by the morally inclined.Also I did not want to make friends and relatives,who put their noses to the grindstone in more commercial pursuits,feel bad.Schlesinger confirmed my inclinations,and since then,I have never doubted what history should be.Part Two:Chinese into English TranslationDirections:Translate the following3passages into English;read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translations in the sheets locally provided.To facilitate grading,the texts have been broken into groups of sentences,each group being given a serial number,therefore,when you write your versions,you MUST QUOTE the serial number also,put the number before each version.Please write neatly and intelligibly.Passage3:⑼内心深处，我对给别人的书写序有点犯嘀咕。