形容词比较级和最高级的构成和用法

形容词比较级和最高级的构成和用法

（单音节及部分双音节形容词的比较级和最高级规则变化）

音节是读音的基本单位，在英文中元音因素很关键，一个元音因素可以构成一个音节。

一个单词中有几个元音因素，就有几个音节。

单音节词long/lɒŋ/

双音节词busy/ˈbɪz i/

多音节词expensive/ɪkˈsp e nsɪv/

一、单音节才形容词的比较级和最高级以-er和-est结尾

1.一般情况下直接在词尾加-er和-est。

sm a ll-small er-small est

l o ng-long er-long est

f a st-fast er-fast est

t al l-tall er-tall est

h ar d-hard er-hard est

gr ea t-great er-great est

2.以不发音的字母-e结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r或-st。

l a te-lat er-lat est

f i ne-fin er-fin est

l ar ge-larg er-larg est

n i ce-nic er-nic est

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加-er或-est。

dr y-dr ier-dr iest/ˈdraɪɪst/

happ y-happ ier-happ iest/ˈhæpɪɪst/

eas y-eas ier-eas iest/ˈiːzɪɪst/

4.以重度闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。

b i g-big ger-big gest

h o t-hot ter-hot test

th i n-thin ner-thin nest

二、大多数双音节词用more和most来构成比较级和最高级

以-y结尾和以-ow结尾的双音节形容词比较级和最高级多半采用-er 和est形式。

happ y-happ ier-happ iest

prett y-prett ier-prett iest

narr ow-narrow er-narrow est

shall ow-shallow er-shallow est

1.比较级只用于两者之间

构成：比较级+than

若比较的东西比较明显，than之后可以省去。

Mary is taller than Susan.

My hair is longer than yours(your hair).

This coat is prettier（省略了than...）.

Today is warmer(省略了than yesterday).

2.最高级用于三者以上的比较

结构：the+最高级（+比较范围）

比较范围往往是介词短语或从句（如of all,in the world,in the class, I have ever seen等）

He is the tallest in the class.

He is the tallest I have ever seen.

This apple is the sweetest I have ever eaten.

This question is easier than that one.

It’s the easiest of them all.

1.多音节词（通常两个音节以上）比较级最高级分别为：

more+原级

most+原级

beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

expensive-more expensive-most expensive

famous-more famous-most famous

This car is beautiful.

That one is more beautiful.

It’s the most beautiful one I have ever seen.

注：双音节以辅音字母加-y结尾的词比较级最高级仍把y变为i再加-er/-est。

busy-busier-busiest

特殊形容词副词的比较级最高级：

good/well-better-best

bad/ill-worse-worst

many/much-more-most

little-less-least

若表示比原来少不管单音节词还是多音节词都在原级前加less变比较级，加lest变最高级。

1）Susan is tall.

I am less tall.

I am the least tall in the class.

2）This movie is interesting.

That one is less interesting.

It’s the least interesting one I have ever seen.

2.不出现比较级的比较

A is as+原级+as B：A和B一样（肯定句中只能用as）

A is not so/as+原级+as B：A不如B（否定句中多数用so，也可以用as）

1)I am as tall as Susan.

I am not so/as tall as Susan.

2)This book is as good as that one.

This book isn’t as/so good as that one.

3)I run as fast as Liu Xiang.

I don’t run as/so fast as Liu Xiang.

3.A is not as/so+adj.+as B=A is less +adj.+than B

1)I am not as/so tall as Susan.=I am less tall than Susan.

2)I don’t run as/so fast as Liu Xiang.=I run less fast than Liu Xiang.