00096-外刊经贸知识选读-课文翻译-第12课-
外刊经贸知识选读14页word文档
第一章一、术语1. 制成品manufactured goods2. 资本货物capital goods3. 国际收支balance of payments4. 经常项目current account5. 有形贸易项目visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差trade surplus8. 贸易逆差trade deficit ['defɪsɪt; 'diː-]n. 赤字；不足额9. 易货贸易barter ['bɑːtə]vi. 进行易货贸易；[贸易] 作物物交换；讨价还价10. 补偿贸易compensation trade [kɒmpen'seɪʃ(ə)n]n. 补偿；报酬；赔偿金11. 反向贸易counter-trade vt. 反击，还击；反向移动，对着干；反驳，回答12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing n. 装配；集会，集合13. 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业joint venture15. 延期付款deferred payment16. 买方信贷buyer credit17. 卖方信贷supplier credit18. 软贷款(低息贷款) soft loan19. 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系PNTR (Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入NI (National Income)22. 国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)26. 国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行BIS (Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体EEC (European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟EU (European Union)31. 外商直接投资FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义：1. substantially: dramatically; significantly; considerably大幅度戏剧地；/引人注目地，意味深长地；/值得注目地； /相当地，非常地；2. subsequently: afterwards随后，其后；后来/后来；然后3. exacerbate: deteriorate; worsen; aggravate; make worse使加剧；使恶化；激怒/恶化，变坏/恶化；变得更坏；更坏/加重；使恶化；激怒/使更糟4. withdraw: cancellation撤退；收回；撤消；拉开/取消；删除5. theme: principle6. in return for: in exchange for7. disrupt: interrupt 中断8. destined: designed 注定的，有计划的9. pronounced: marked 显著的；断然的；/显著的；有记号的10. in the wake of: following; after with11. undue: too much; unbearable12. reverse: change to the opposite13. buoyant: brisk14. outcome: result15. boost: stimulate; promote; develop16. recover: rebound17. facilitate: make easy18. run-down: reduction19. mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions20. insofar as: to the extent21. bottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization program which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译The Curtain Goes up 竹幕卷起Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline ― creating differing rules and added confusion中国政府允许外国在沿海投资― 从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑By Mary Lee in Beijing1. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself "open to the outside world" and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕，向世界宣布“对外开放”，几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。
2. The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市（都是以前的通商口岸）和海南岛（总共十九个“开放”区）为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读-翻译题
第一章1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization programme | which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural | and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became m ore serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period | not only because o f the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China's economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in1979. Official recognition (that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy)has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
外刊经贸知识选读lesson
债务危机
债务危机是指在国际借贷领域中大量负债，超 过了借款者自身的清偿能力，造成无力还债或 必须延期还债的现象。
第九页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
发展中国家的债务危机起源于20世纪70年代，80年代初爆发。 从1976～1981年，发展中国家的债务迅速增长，到1981年
第二十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
2.offset vt. 抵消；弥补；
n. 抵消，补偿；平版印刷
The gains offset the losses.
收支相抵。
In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.
7. moderate adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 vi. 变缓和，变弱
vt. 节制；减轻
His fury moderated when he learned why she had done it.
当他知道了她那样做的原因时，他的火气就消了。 The adjustment of the interest rate will moderate. 利率的调整将会放缓。
债务困扰严重的主要是巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷、委内瑞 拉、智利和印度等国。
第十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
8. consecutive adj. 连贯的；连续不断的 Wal-Mart Stores reported falling same-
store sales for the fifth consecutive quarter. 沃尔玛汇报可比店销售连续第五个季度下降。
外债总额积累达5550亿美元，以后两年经过调整，危机缓和，
自考 00096外刊经贸知识选读 生词,重点词组,课后问答 Lesson 11-15
Lesson11 Barter Still in Use (易货贸易仍在使用 )一、重点词组：1、arrange for 安排2、international financial institution 国际金融机构3、in cash 用现金*4、proceed 收入*5、dip into 动用、浏览6、currency reserves 货币储备7、secure 获得、得到*8、locate 找到*9、steer 指导、指点*10、benefited from 受益于……*11、hot 激烈的*12、of equivalent value 同等价值* 13、up to 高达……*14、subject to 使服从, 使隶属, 属于*15、countertrade 对等贸易、反向贸易16、primary 主要的、首要的*17、mean of trade 贸易方式*18、force…upon…强加于, 强迫...接受19、client states 附属国20、in return for 作为...的报答、对换21、bargain-price 廉价的*22、raw materials 原材料23、prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事24、free from 解除25、hammer out 设计出26、International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织27、break down 垮掉, 分解，崩溃28、flourish 繁荣、兴旺*29、multilateral trade 多边贸易30、convertible 可兑换的*31、convertible currency 可兑换货币32、burden of debt 债务负担33、broke 破产的、一文不名的*34、be compelled to 被迫35、devote… to….把...献给、把...专用于36、debt service= interest payment 利息付款*37、debtor 债务人* 38、debtor nation 债务国39、creditor 债权人*40、export earning 出口收入41、foreign exchange 外汇42、multinational corporations 跨国公司43、expertise 专门知识*44、tap 开发；利用*45、list price 挂牌价，订价, 价目表所列之价格*46、at the expense of 在损害...的情况下*47、cartel 联合企业、卡尔特48、counterpurchase 互购、回购49、offset 弥补, 抵消*50、compensation agreements 补偿贸易协定51、clearing agreements 清算协定52、bilateral pacts 双边协议53、balance v. 平衡*54、hard currency 硬通货55、stick with 陷入困境56、specifications 规格*57、credit-starved 信用危机58、set out 打算59、finance 供资金给*60、made out to 收讫*61、letter of credit 信用证62、took title 获得所有权二、课后问题1、“We are told in the first paragraph of the text that Saudi Arabia decided to buy 10 aero planes from Boeing then.What was the purchasing price?答：$100 million each.2、“International trade was supposed to（应该, 被期望）be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944…”(国际贸易从易货贸易的束缚中解脱出来从法律上说应该在1944年7月)Paraphrase the underlined part of the aboved-quoted clause.答：“…was supposed to …”: … was required by law to …3、“Barter was as antiquated as the horse-soldier. Or so it seemed.”（易货贸易就像骑兵一样过时了。
第12课--市场竞争外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串说-课文翻译
第12课--市场竞争外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串说-课文翻译第12课市场竞争Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle软饮料战：下一次战争The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chance to go at each other again.可口可乐的重新配方为长期别和的可乐巨头提供了一具新开战的机遇。
But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoiling for yet another f ight, and this time they’re picking on the little guys: n on-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams然而可口可乐和百事可乐一心想举行另一场战斗，这一次它们选中了小企业：“七喜”和“佩拍博士”。
In the U.S.soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retail sales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don’t wage m ere market share battles.They fight holy wars.These days the fighting is on two fronts.One is on the vast plains of the cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsi on the defensive.The other is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market.Until now these have been dominated by other companies.As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are invading new territory.在美国的软饮料行业，1％的市场份额就意味着3亿美元的零售额，可口可乐公司和百事可乐公司举行的别仅仅是争夺市场份额的斗争，他们举行的是“圣战”。
5《外刊经贸知识选读》练习资料-短文翻译
《外刊经贸知识选读》练习资料-短文翻译翻译题1. The good news for Asian exporters to Europe is that after three years of recession, the 12 European Union economies are creaking back to life. That means consumers are likely to have more money to spend on Asian goods. The bad news is that EU trade officials, under pressure from increasingly strident industry groups, are tightening the screws on Asian imports. These include cars, TV sets, textiles and footwear. The trade friction contrasts with recent efforts by the EU to improve its diplomatic ties with Asia.2.While most people think of Hong Kong as a small market, it is, in fact, the largest export market for U. S. shell eggs. In 1985, the United States exported over 7 million dozen shell eggs valued at＄ 4 million for food use in Hong Kong. That market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of total U. S. exports of shell eggs for food use. Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.3.Major projects outside the oil and gas sector in Abu Dhabi(阿布扎比) appear to be on hold. This applies to the Lulu island development and the third crossing project, for which tenders have been invited three times, although the prospects for medium-size infrastructure projects in Abu Dhabi are reasonable. “Look where the money is coming from, what really matters is oil and gas, " a consultant says. The consensus is that these other projects will materialize; they are just not top priority at the moment.4．Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of hist ory’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲几乎冒险忽视了那种前进的革命性步伐，它曾以那种步伐创立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市场——在一个大洲，那里几个世纪以来经济上的争斗已经导致了一些历史上最血腥的战争。
外刊经贸知识选读翻译
旺旺英语Lesson 14Soft Commodities非耐用商品Many prices are at historic lows, and the IMF expects further falls. Yet there are signs that the worse may be over. One key commodity, sugar, has recovered.许多商品的价格处于历史最低点，虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。
但是，有迹象表明，最糟的局面已经结束了。
因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了。
Markets Have Lost Their Allure 市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说，这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。
Prices are in many cases at, or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce. And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat, or still lower, prices—the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下，产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价，这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。
同时，大多数预言家预测价格将会持平，或者更低。
市场自身已经失去了很多的魅力。
Speculators who profited handsomely from the price volatility of the 1970s have deserted soft commodities for the newer excitement of financial futures or the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.从20世纪70年代的价格不稳中大笔获益的投机者们已经放弃了非耐用商品而寻求金融期货或有价证券带来的新的刺激以及股票和货币市场提供的巨额利润。
(完整版)第12课市场竞争外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译,文档.doc
第12 课市场竞争Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle软饮料战：下一次战争一、（ Excerpts ）（摘录）The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chance to go ateach other again.可口可乐的重新配方为长期不和的可乐巨头提供了一个新开战的机会。
But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoiling for yet another f ight, and this time they ’ re picking on the little guys: non-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams但是可口可乐和百事可乐一心想进行另一场战斗，这一次它们选中了小企业：“七喜”和“佩拍博士”。
In the U.S.soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retailsales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don ’ t wage mere market share battles.Theyholyfight wars .These days the fighting is on two fronts.One is on the vast plains ofthe cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsion the defensive.Theother is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market.Until now these have been dominated by other companies.As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however,Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are invading new territory.在美国的软饮料行业， 1％的市场份额就意味着 3 亿美元的零售额，可口可乐公司和百事可乐公司进行的不仅仅是争夺市场份额的斗争，他们进行的是“圣战”。
00096自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译
00096自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译1barrier-free market自由/无壁垒市场2test market试销市场3budget deficit预算赤字4capital-intensive investment资金密集型投资5top-of-the-line technology行业内领先技术6visible trade account有型贸易项目7punitive import tariff惩罚性进口关税8intellectual property right知识产权9most favored nation status最惠国待遇10depression销条11trade surplus贸易顺差12deflation通货紧缩13barter trade易货贸易14futures market期货市场15current account经常项目16invisible trade无形贸易17compensation trade补偿贸易18devaluation贬值19per capita income人均收入20infrastructure基础设施21market share市场分额22special economic zone经济特区23exclusive agency agreement独家代理协议24finished goods/manufactured goods制成品25agriculture and industrial production工农业生产26trade balance贸易差额27merger兼并28market force市场力量29monetary policy货币政策30world trade organization世界贸易组织31personal/individual income tax个人所得税32commodity/goods market商品市场33service trade服务贸易34primary goods初级产品35international monetary fund国际货币基金组织36per capita GDP(gross domestic product)人均国内生产总值37convertible currency可兑换货币38customs duties and taxation海关关税39good infrastructure 良好的基础设施40deinflationary policy反通货膨胀政策41trade sanction贸易制裁42at the summit meeting峰会43on a conservative estimate据保守估计44price hike价格上涨45self-sufficient自给自足46liquid assets流动资产47trade fairs and exhibitions贸易展销会48preferential tax rate优惠关税49vested interests既得利益50export quota出口配额51government procurement政府采购52European integration欧洲一体化53bilateral pacts双边条约54countervailing duty反补贴税5524.fledgling industries新兴工业56stock market股票市场57capital transfer资本转移58trade discrimination贸易歧视59bilateral trade双边贸易60European continent欧洲大陆61carbon tax双重税62state-owned enterprises国有企业63competitive advantage竞争优势64balance of payments国际收支65high-tech高技术66portfolio investment证券投资67free market自由市场68trade barriers贸易壁垒69glut of supply供应过剩70equivalent value对等价值71economic recession经济衰退72unfair trade不平等交易73exclusive contract独家经销合同74per capita income人均收入75long-term strategy长期战略76GATT关税及贸易总协定77financial crisis金融危机78trade representative商务代表79physical market现货市场80financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定81sovereignty dispute主权争端82hard currency硬通货83merger of banks银行兼并84a hermit naiton闭关自守的国家85trade negotiation贸易谈判86at a rough estimate据粗略估计87Chinese export commodities fair中国出口商品交易会88foreign exchange reserve外汇储备89debt sevice/interest payment利息付款90sole foreign funded外商独资91technology transfer技术转让92domestic demand国内需求93export oriented出口导向94trade balance贸易差额95certificate of origin产地证书96customs duties进口税97clearing agreement清算协议98real estate房地产99business cycle商业周期100fiscal packages财政一揽子计划101debt service利息付款102 good resistance强阻力103cash crops经济作物104GNP国民生产总值105deinflationary policy反通胀政策106short supply供应短缺107the World Bank世界银行108capital goods资本货物109productive force生产力110foreign exchange earnings外汇收入111profit-remittance 利润汇款112national income国民收入113closing level收盘价。
第12课--市场竞争外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串讲-课文翻译
第12课市场竞争Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle软饮料战：下一次战争The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chance to go at each other again.可口可乐的重新配方为长期不和的可乐巨头提供了一个新开战的机会。
But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoiling for yet another f ight, and this time they’re picking on the little guys: non-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams但是可口可乐和百事可乐一心想进行另一场战斗，这一次它们选中了小企业：“七喜”和“佩拍博士”。
In the U.S.soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retail sales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don’t wage mere market share battles.They fight holy wars.These days the fighting is on two fronts.One is on the vast plains of the cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsi on the defensive.The other is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market.Until now these have been dominated by other companies.As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are invading new territory.在美国的软饮料行业，1％的市场份额就意味着3亿美元的零售额，可口可乐公司和百事可乐公司进行的不仅仅是争夺市场份额的斗争，他们进行的是“圣战”。
【最新】外刊经贸知识选读贸易术语翻译
外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization OCCE(organization for for for economic economic economic co-operation co-operation co-operation and and and development) development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷，卖方信贷等Manufactured goods 工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院国务院Standard of living 生活水平生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本，股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业外商独资企业外商独资企业 Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Capital goods 资本货物资本货物 Customs duties 进口税进口税 Technical transformation 技术改造技术改造Provincial capital 省会省会 inner regions 内地，内陆内地，内陆 readily obtainable 轻易得到轻易得到 economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区经济技术开发区 uniform tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 profit-remittance 利汇款率利汇款率 preferential tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 municipal govermment 市政府市政府 grassroots units 基层单位基层单位 rules and regulations 规章制度规章制度规章制度 comprehensive framework 综合准则综合准则 public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制生产资料公有制 national people ’s congress 全国人民到表大会全国人民到表大会 seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划第七个五年计划第七个五年计划 china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud 商业活动中心商业活动中心 The world ’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国世界经济强国世界经济强国 Per capita 人均人均 Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值国民生产总值 American administration 美国政府美国政府 China hands 中国通（华人）中国通（华人）Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税 Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场证劵及房地产市场 “G “Greater china reater china ” trade bloc “大中华”集团“大中华”集团“大中华”集团 Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值国内生产总值国内生产总值 Private businesses 私有企业私有企业 Competitive advantage 竞争优势竞争优势 High wage economy 高工资经济高工资经济高工资经济 General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定关税及贸易总协定 Consumer eiectronics 电子产品电子产品 Human rights 人权问题人权问题 Preferred status 优惠地位，优先权优惠地位，优先权 State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司国有跨行业公司 Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片半导体集成电路芯片 Brokerage services 经济业务经济业务 Double digits 两位数两位数 4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气不景气High rates of growth 高增长率高增长率 The gulf crisis 海湾危机海湾危机海湾危机 International conditions 国际坏境国际坏境 The group of seven 七国集团七国集团 Continental Europe 欧洲大陆欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策反通胀政策 Weakness in demand 需求疲软需求疲软 Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降周期性的投资下降 Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率短期美元汇率 Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格非石油商品价格非石油商品价格 Foreign exchange 外汇外汇 Hard currencies 硬货币硬货币 Severely indebted 负债严重负债严重 The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合关贸总协定乌拉圭回合 Commodity market 商品市场商品市场 Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义（美元）价名义（美元）价 Constant(dollar)terms 不变（美元）价不变（美元）价 Real terms 实际价实际价 The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策 GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数 The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓周期性投资放缓 Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣由减税引发的繁荣 Interest rates 利率利率 Unemployment rates 失业率失业率 Financial stress 金融压力金融压力 Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷紧缩信贷紧缩信贷 Current account deficit 经常项目赤字经常项目赤字经常项目赤字 Yield curve 收益曲线收益曲线 European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系 Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策 Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率名义短期汇率 Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值以不变价格计算的产品价值 Structural transformation 结构转变，体制改革结构转变，体制改革 Trading partners 贸易伙伴贸易伙伴 The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率人均加权增长率 Debt restructuring 债务调整债务调整 Portfolio investment 证劵投资证劵投资 Per capita income 人均收入人均收入人均收入 Fiscal adjustment 财政调整财政调整 Investment liberalization 投资自由化投资自由化 Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区贸易导向型地区 Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化 Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议多边贸易协议多边贸易协议 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施 Tight credit policies 信贷紧缩政策信贷紧缩政策 Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值汇率贬值 The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会经互会 5关于美国的贸易策略与政策 Trade representative 贸易代表贸易代表 Trade policies 贸易政策贸易政策 Trade sanctions 贸易制裁贸易制裁 Trade barrier 贸易壁垒贸易壁垒 Trade surplus 贸易赤字贸易赤字 North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定北美自由贸易协定 Trade priority 贸易优先权贸易优先权 Government procurement 政府采购政府采购 Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Ttrade signals 贸易信号贸易信号6欧盟的发展 European community 欧洲共同体欧洲共同体 The single market 统一大市场统一大市场统一大市场 The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场欧共体的统一大市场 Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场无壁垒市场 European integrationg 欧洲一体化欧洲一体化 The internal market 内部市场内部市场内部市场 Marriage contract 结婚契约结婚契约 Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化政治经济一体化 Free-trade zone 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Free market philosophy 自由市场论自由市场论自由市场论 Economic benefits 经济利益经济利益 Economic activity 经济活动经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率年增长率年增长率 Plant modennization 工厂现代化工厂现代化 Budget cuts 预算消减预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标进口指标 Guantifiable results 定量结果，量化结果定量结果，量化结果 White paper 白皮书白皮书 Uruguay round of trade talks 乌拉圭回合谈判乌拉圭回合谈判 Average tariff 平均关税平均关税 Manufactured goods 制成品制成品 Bilateral surplus 双边顺差双边顺差 Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划财政一揽子计划 Trade in goods 易货贸易易货贸易易货贸易 International bodies 国际组织国际组织 Industrial commodities 工业商品工业商品 Business cycle 商业周期商业周期 Economic cycle 经济周期经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易管理贸易Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Market share 市场份额市场份额 Households save 家庭储蓄家庭储蓄 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字 Trade balance 贸易差额贸易差额Public opinion 工众舆论工众舆论 Trade reprisals 贸易报复贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters 公司总部公司总部 Silicion valley 硅谷硅谷 Annual sales 年销售额年销售额 Nation economic machine 国家经济结构国家经济结构 Industrial infrastructure 工业基础设施工业基础设施 Investment capital 投资资本投资资本 Antidurmping suits 反倾销起诉反倾销起诉 Fledging conglomerates 新兴的跨行业工资新兴的跨行业工资 Literacy rate 脱盲率，识字率脱盲率，识字率 Middle class 中产阶级中产阶级 Nouveau riche 暴发户暴发户 Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款政府担保贷款 Human-rights restrictions 人权限制人权限制 Political liberalization 政治自由化政治自由化 Political opposition 政治反对派政治反对派 Driving force 驱动力驱动力 Labor-cost advantage 劳动力成本优势劳动力成本优势 Industrial group 工业集团工业集团 Basic industries 基础工业基础工业 Industrial structure 工业结构工业结构Industrial giants 大工业企业大工业企业 Business setback 商业挫折商业挫折 Tax breaks 税额优惠税额优惠 Direct subsidies 直接补贴直接补贴 Market forces 市场力量市场力量 Financial system 金融体制金融体制 Official interest rates 官方汇率官方汇率 Consumer market 消费市场消费市场 9贸易新星Gulf region 海湾地区海湾地区 Sovereignty dispute 主权争端主权争端 GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会海湾合作委员会 OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织石油输出国组织 Carbon tax 双重税收双重税收 Firm order 实盘实盘 Non-oil trade 非石油贸易非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity 生产能力生产能力Government grants 政府津贴政府津贴 Risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产风险加权资产 Import surcharge 进口附加税进口附加税 Certificates of origin 原产地证书原产地证书 The developing areas 开发区开发区Lucrative fees 利率报酬利率报酬 10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织 Economic growth 促进经济发展促进经济发展 Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策共同农业政策 Liberal market 自由贸易自由贸易 Market force 市场力量市场力量 Monopoly purchasing boards 统购部门统购部门 Export subsidies 生产补贴生产补贴 The administration ’goals 政府目标政府目标 Technical standards 技术水平技术水平 Anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施反倾销措施 Countervailing duty 反倾销税，抵消性关税反倾销税，抵消性关税 Intellectual property right 知识产权知识产权知识产权 Trade in services 服务贸易服务贸易 Farm-trade liberalization 农业贸易自由化农业贸易自由化 Majority vote 多数选票多数选票 Straight forward of vote 直接否定权直接否定权直接否定权 11易货贸易仍在使用 I nternational financial institution 国际金融机构国际金融机构 Currency reserves 货币储备货币储备 Of equivalent value 同等价值同等价值 Mean of trade 贸易方式贸易方式 Client states 附属国附属国 International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织 Multilateral trade 多边贸易多边贸易 Convertible currency 可兑换货币可兑换货币 Burden of debt 债务负担债务负担债务负担 Debt service=intrerst payment 利息付款利息付款利息付款 Debtor nation 债务国债务国 Export earning 出口收入出口收入 Multinational corporations 跨国公司跨国公司 Compensation agreements 补偿贸易协定补偿贸易协定 Clearing agreements 清算系统清算系统 Bilateral pacts 双边协议双边协议 Credit-starved 信用危机信用危机Letter of credit 信用证信用证信用证 12市场竞争市场竞争Test market 试销市场试销市场 Baby-boomers 生育高峰期出生的人生育高峰期出生的人 Consumer coupons 消费优惠劵消费优惠劵 Price promotions 价格促销价格促销Exclusive contract 独家经销合同独家经销合同 Competitive in price andguanlity 价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力 All-out sales campaigns 大规模销售战役大规模销售战役 Hard sell 硬销售硬销售 Heavy discounting 大幅度打折大幅度打折 Soft drink 软饮料软饮料 Retail sales 零售零售 Special promotion 特殊销售特殊销售 13市场分析 Export market 出口市场出口市场 Fast food shop 快餐快餐 The method of packing 包装方式包装方式包装方式 Subsidized competition 补贴性竞争补贴性竞争 Grocery store 杂货店杂货店 Wet market 鲜货市场鲜货市场 The retial market 零售市场零售市场零售市场 Promote sales 促销商品促销商品 Export enhancement programe 增加出口计划增加出口计划 Structure of trade 贸易结构贸易结构 Preserved duck eggs 咸鸭蛋 14初级商品市场 Soft commodities 非耐用初级产品非耐用初级产品 Agricultural commodoties 农产品农产品 Surplus produce 剩余产品剩余产品 Financial futures 以期货形式交易的有价证劵以期货形式交易的有价证劵 The money market 货币市场货币市场货币市场 The equity market 一般的股票市场一般的股票市场一般的股票市场 Basic raw materials 基本原材料基本原材料 Conference on trade and development 联合国贸易和发展协会联合国贸易和发展协会 Currency movements 货币变动货币变动 Special drawing right 特别提取款特别提取款特别提取款 Food price index 食品价格指数食品价格指数 Glut of supplies 供应过剩供应过剩 Devastating consequences 毁灭性后果毁灭性后果 Spin-offs 副作用副作用 Cash-strapped 现金短缺现金短缺 at its weakest 萧条萧条萧条 services sector 服务部门服务部门 official austerity programmers 政府紧缩计划政府紧缩计划 foreign exchange earnings 外汇收入外汇收入 unit commodity price 单位初级产品价格单位初级产品价格 real interest rates 实际利率实际利率 stores of vaule 储备价值储备价值 liquid assets 流动资产流动资产 price volatility 价格多变价格多变speculative business 投机生意投机生意the patten of supply and demand 供需模式供需模式 export quote 出口配额出口配额 in short supply 供应短缺供应短缺供应短缺 15初级商品市场行情电传报告 Commodities dealers 初级商品交易商初级商品交易商 Stock exchange 证劵交易所证劵交易所 Investment support 投资支持投资支持 Regained ground 重得青睐重得青睐 Labour dispute 劳务纠纷劳务纠纷 Export figures 出口量出口量 Good resistance 强烈抵制强烈抵制 Discount rate 贴现率贴现率 Labour-agreement 劳动协议劳动协议 Bleak outlook 前景黯淡前景黯淡 Futures markets 期货市场期货市场 Spot market 现货市场现货市场 Strategic stockpile 战略性库存战略性库存 Take prices back 使价格回升使价格回升 Terminal prices 期货价格期货价格 International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织 Upward adjustment 上调上调 Replacement costs 重置成本重置成本。
外刊经贸知识选读课件第十二课by曾升
2012年6月13日星期三
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5．第五段落讲述了可口可乐公司调整战略开发 新型饮料的原因。 (Baby-boomers) 战后出生高峰期的人们随着年 龄的增长，开始喜欢低脂、减肥的可乐和果 汁。 But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales. “growing pains”成长的烦恼 “high-calorie colas”is the opposite of “less fattening, diet colas”.
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2. These days the fighting is on two fronts. One is on the plains of the cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsi on the defensive. The other is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market. “on two fronts” means “the commercial war between the two giants is in the two frontlines”. 可口可乐和百事可乐公司的战役有两条主战 场。可乐型和非可乐型饮 料市场。 “one the plains … back alleys”可乐型饮料市 场非常大，就像在平原作战，而非 可乐型饮 料市场狭小，就像巷战。
2012年6月13日星期三
主课文译文-第12课-革命万岁
第12课主课文译文革命万岁技术革新打开了通往新型企业模式的大门，这一模式最终促使管理者采用新的方法以达到供需平衡。
由此，发生在供应链上的变化导致了产业内竞争性结构的重大改变。
许多人认为电子商务对供应链管理的作用即是一个典型的例子，它将推翻现有的企业模式。
但是，要理解电子商务的作用，重要的是要了解这并不是供应链上的首次革命，发生在十九、二十世纪更迭之际的变革构建了贯穿于整个二十世纪的生产和分销模式，有必要对这次革命进行更为详细的审视。
第一次革命1870至1917年间发达国家发生了大规模的经济重组，在此之前的商业特点是小企业、仅在有限的地域内运作、只专注于制造价值链中的一小段。
而在此期间，这些小型企业都被大型的、垂直一体化的公司所取代。
资源分配能够保证供应与需求在整个供应链中结合在一起，分配的决定权已经从市场转到了管理者的手中。
从由市场分配转为公司内部分配是基于一个简单的经济现实：公司内部配置的成本低于通过市场来分配的成本。
那些洞察到这一点的管理者们开发出新的企业模式，通过公司内部的业务扩张和整合来利用这一机会。
变革发生的主要领域在于产品的生产和分销——供应链。
使得向“看得见的手”的转移成为可能的技术是什么呢？最重要的是洲际铁路和电报系统的建成，以及高速可连续生产的机械的出现。
在发达国家，从岸到岸的货物运输和通讯成为可能，有史以来第一次，无论是对原材料的供应还是对最终产品的分销，整个大陆市场变得触手可及。
商业规模和复杂程度的增加必然促进了诸如规划、财务和许多互动地点之间协调的管理技术的发明。
不久，大规模分销出现了。
这些公司利用国家铁路网络进行快速、可靠、低成本的运送。
大规模使用这些基础设施使公司实现了对大批量货物的高存货周转率。
成功的分销商们建立起零售网络和商品经销体系，并逐步控制了他们的区域市场。
大规模分销商的成功基于“速度经济”，企业借此将大量的市场交易内部化，交易量的增加导致高存货周转率，继而导致了快速的现金流，这一现金流又使企业可以以较低的价格大量地购买原料，获得较低的信用成本，从而实现自我财务扩张。
外刊经贸知识选读全部课文翻译
Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。
1958~1959年的―大跃进‖最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。
三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。
20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。
中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。
―文化大革命‖期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。
The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force（解释：施行）in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.（最惠国待遇）在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。
1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据这个协定，中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。
1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定，继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后，中美贸易发展迅速。
美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。
经贸专业报刊阅读 翻译 UNIT11-12
1.I would have felt exactly the same had I been in their shoes.站在他们的立场上，我也会有同样的想法。
2.Our bottom line is solidly in the black, and our latest car—the Cinquecento, one of the smallest compacts in the world—is the talk of the industry.我们开始持续盈利，我们的最新车型“菲亚特500”（世界上最小的轿车之一）也成为业界谈论的焦点。
3.Neither has an engineering background, but both were first-rate consumer-products marketers, and the company sorely needed their talents.这两个人都不具备工程管理学背景，但是他们都是一流的消费产品营销人员，公司十分需要他们的（营销）才能。
4. I’m always texting my people or calling them at odd hours to talk about the business or about their careers.我总是在闲暇时给我的员工发短信或打电话，和他们一起探讨业务或工作。
5.A leader who fails to meet an objective should suffer some consequences, but I don’t believe that failing to meet an objective is the end of the world.不能实现目标的领导者应当承担一定的后果，但是，在我看来，这并不是什么大不了的事。
6.It takes some €400 million to bring a new car to market. Shrinking the time to market got us a lot more bang for those bucks.向市场推出一款新车需要耗资4亿欧元。