托福定语从句长难句
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothefieldknownasneuroeconomics,whichstudiestheb rain’ssecretstosuccessinaneconomicenvironmentthatdemandsinnovationand being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑胜利的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做例外的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus inadifficultposition,astheymuststeeranarrowcoursebetweenthedemandsof‘evidence’an d‘attractiveness’,especiallygiventheincreasingneedintheheritageindustry and income-generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
解析：who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history是定语从句修饰前面代词。
托福长难句100句(一)
句子1In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.【难点解析】本句的难点在于复杂的后置定语干扰了阅读，给我们理解句子带来了影响。
在这个句子中就是现在分词短语carrying cooled blood…做了后置定语，造成了主语the blood vessels 和谓语run被分割，后面接着出现了另一个the blood vessels carrying warm blood……，进一步加大了理解难度，让我们一时无法理清句子结构。
找到这种后置定语，划分句子主干的时候直接忽视这种修饰性成分，句子的主要信息就变得非常清晰：In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers[定语]run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body[定语]to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.完成了句子主干划分之后，根据汉语的表述顺序，将后置定语往前放，这样整个句子的意思就出来了。
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors。
译文:这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus ina difficult position， as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence' and ‘attractiveness’，especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文:那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡,特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
含有定语从句的长难句
1.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.2.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.3 The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.4. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.5.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6、They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.7.But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.8.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.9.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.10.2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.11. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.。
(完整版)含有定语从句的长难句
1.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.2.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.3 The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.4. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.5.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6、They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.7.But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.8.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.9.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.10.2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.11. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.。
托福阅读中的一句长难句讲解
托福阅读中的一句长难句讲解This nascent world system developed as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions where societies were developing along very similar evolutionary tracks toward greater complexity.本句话是来自tpo63：The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence 苏美尔人与区域相互依存这一句的难点在于：词汇难，术语多，结构复杂. 上下文逻辑理困难.第一步：句子成分划分和翻译同学们可以自己先划分句子成分，再看老师的划分。
This nascent world system + developed[ as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials/ in different ecological regions]（where societies + were developing /along very similar evolutionary tracks/ toward greater complexity. )这句话主要有2部分：（一）主干句：主语：This nascent world system 谓语：developed 状语：as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions.这是一个有3个介词短语组成的状语结构：① as a result of insatiable demands由于贪得无厌的需求② (demands) for nonlocal raw materials对非本地的原材料的需求③ in different ecological regions（原材料）来自不同的生态区域⭐️难点2：这一些较难的生词/术语：1️⃣ nascent：“初生的、萌芽的”。
why引导定语从句的长难句
why引导定语从句的长难句以下是一个含有why引导的定语从句的长难句以及其分析：长难句："This is the reason why he refused to participate in the project, which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management."分析：这个句子主要分成两个部分：主句和从句。
1. 主句：“This is the reason”。
这部分相对简单，指出某个特定的原因。
2. 从句：“why he refused to participate in the project, which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management”。
这部分是对主句中“reason”的进一步解释，说明了为什么这是原因。
在这个从句中，“why he refused to participate in the project”是定语从句，修饰“the reason”。
这个定语从句用“why”引导，因为“reason”在从句中做原因状语。
换句话说，这句话说明他拒绝参加这个项目的原因。
“which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰“the project”。
长难句结构10类
长难句一、定语从句1.As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in whichthe force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.2.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are manystimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.3.President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on whose judgmenthe could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.4.In the “soap war”between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made ofstatistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.5.Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them thanconventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.6.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.7.Thus, to rectify the positions taken previously, where we contented ourselves withcondemnations, in my delegation’s opinion, we must find an over-all solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which, after all, serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council’s agendas.8.We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matteras a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.9.Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool anda young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch!10.Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-solution screen—which can be embedded ineverything from wristwatches to palm-held units—will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences any time, anywhere.二、倒装句1.Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life, the fierce hatred of thebourgeoisie that it had produced in him, and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.2.Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor inbringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.3.So involved with their computers do the children become the leaders at summer computercamps often have to force them to break for sports and games.4.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business touniversalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.5.Only after studies provided evidence of harmful effects of such programs has it been possibleto modify TV programming policies.6.Unpopular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style.7.Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce.8.So perilous was this one that he 1was the only security officer in the site.9.In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade —a desk, twotelephone, one scrambled (改变频率使不被窃听) for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front.10.Not only may agencies select for genetic traits, some fear parents may start to as well in whatmight be considered the most extreme application-designing children.三、分割结构1.Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced by thewidely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.2.No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhymegoes, “Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.”3.Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to morepower being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.4.That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led byBritain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things. 5.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to theconclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.6.Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and firstgrade.7.Whether to use tests, other kings of information, or both in particular situation depends,therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.8.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.9.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius asbecause of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.10.“In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, waslargely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”四、省略1.The transcription needs a certain amount of editing, as even if the computer can tell thedifference between words of similar sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.2.If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart isexactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?3.And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two orthree other syllogism, you arrive at your final determination, I will not have that apple.4.It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person, eventhough we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see, as on the telephone.5.Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorableto life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.6.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentiethcentury had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.7.The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fineprinciples of political economy and some on poor ones.8.To Americans, being on one’s own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioningpart of the whole capable and willing to make choices.9.For the first time a lecture was given without the slightest interruption, and every word wouldbe heard as distinctly as it would be as if there had been but a single person in the room. 10.He does not regard it as something to weigh down his pockets and spoil the line of his suitsbut as something to boost his business.五、并列平行结构1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper iscapricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and smile.2.He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensiveverifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied the conditions under which the same results have been attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.3.For it is exciting to realize that the East and the West are not as far apart on spirit or in fact asmost of us have been led, by appearances, to believe, and that the East and the West arealready combined in a synthesis so powerful and so profound that it is all pervading.4.If the very originators of the inventions and discoveries no longer claim them, and if eventheir memory of them has fades, why should their inheritors trouble to resurrect their lost claims?ws concerning discrimination, capital punishment, sexual behavior, and the conditionsunder which individuals may be held legally responsible for their actions are influenced by psychological theories and research.6.For the friendships I have and the friendships I see are conducted at many levels of intensity,serve many different functions, meet different needs and range from those as all-the-way as the friendship of the soul sisters mentioned above to that of the most nonchalant and casual playmates.7.In fact, continuous eye contact is usually confined to lovers, who will gaze into each other’seyes for an eternity, conveying meanings that words cannot express, and baffling onlookers into the bargain.8.If you learn to read the signs, you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means,or whether, like the man whose stomach dose not move when he laughs, he is trying to deceive you.9.The 11 euro members’ rights to inflate, to finance budget deficits by printing money, to boostexports temporarily by currency devaluation are being handed over to the European Central Bank (ECB) in the most powerful way possible, by treaty.10.But that, too, is a happy thought: a Europe that is broad as well as deep, that takes account ofnational differences and is not thought of as a federalizing bully.11.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible while darkness shutyou in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?六、同位语1.The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughtsof the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.2.The word radar, coined as a code name in World War II, was derived from the phrase RadioDetection And Ranging.3.It is just as much a surprise for the Chinese as for Westerners to realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping, the modern oil industry, modern astronomical observatories, modern music, decimal mathematics, paper money, umbrellas, wheelbarrow, multi-stage rockets, guns, underwater mines, poison gas, parachutes, hot-air balloons, manned flight, brandy, whisky, the game of chess, printing, and even the essential design of the steam engine, all came from China.4. A bad liar usually gives himself away by looking too long at his victim, in the mistaken beliefthat to “look a man straight in the eye” is a sign of honest dealing.5.This deprives governments of the one power which, under a monetary union, they most need:the ability to use national fiscal policy to counteract recessions which affect one memberstate more than the others.6.The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring,describing, tabulation, ordering, and the taking of censuses, all of which led to modern descriptive statistics.7.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact thatofficial attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.8.Bolles researched, wrote and self-published What Color Is Your Parachute?—the book toread before you bail out—as a voluntary way of helping others facing the same desperate experience.9.From the massive realignments taking place in the information industries to the capabilitiesof the technologies themselves, there is an often unstated assumption that everything is for the best.10.What a language guide does need is a thorough and practical knowledge of how the languageworks, a conscious knowledge that she or he can articulate in a way the ordinary native speaker cannot.七、分词作状语1.Americans have always been deeply ambivalent, revering the nation’s immigration roots andenjoying cheap immigrant labor, but resenting the newcomers who flood their cities, drain their service and dilute their culture.2.If there are no further major eruptions, in another century a new forest will have coveredmost of the land, leaving only a few reminders of the earth’s hidden power.3.The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently, however, with attracts mainlyconfined to tourists visiting the south of the country.4. A $20, 000 house now costs at least $200, 000, but with interest rates and property taxesbeing what they are, it’s way out of the reach of a young person just out of college, not to mention high school.5.Blake, now 73 and living in relative poverty in a flat in Moscow, was responsible for thedeaths of several British agents after he became a Russian spy, following his capture by North Koreans and conversion to communism.6.Economists have been applied a technique known as Bayesian analysis to informationproblems, enabling them to assess the dollar value of knowledge in a given setting.7.Research can unearth potential problem which might otherwise go undetected and help definetheir full scope.8.There are many other exchange expressions, but those who are not well versed in exchangeterminology would do well to confine themselves to the use of expressions “favorable” and “unfavorable”when describing movements in exchange from the point of view of their countries, or to the use of “appreciate” and “depreciate” when describing a movement in the value of any particular currency.9.If you set out some food and leave it exposed to the air, you can see for yourself thatmicrobes come uninvited.10.But rather than mixing the gases and letting them explode, a fuel cell keeps them apart with asemi-permeable membrane, the reaction can still proceed, but only very slowly, generating electricity, heat and water vapor.八、否定句1.But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor washe able to define the exact social patterns of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.2.Descriptive linguists cannot explain how a sentence is transformed —or, in other words,indicate such relationships as that between active and passive voice.3.Until now the so-called law of the sea has not been seen as a very important issue.4.There was little chance to discuss the problems with the teachers concerned or to do morethan glance at the books being used.5.The expression is well known to many students of English, but is far too good not to bequoted here.6.Who knows but it will rain tomorrow?7.As they expected to be away from the steamer only a few hours, they took enough food forone meal only and no extra clothing beyond what they stood up in.8.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget whatthey did here.9.I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation or what river. Ineither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.10.Absence of the linear gate pulse indicates that the input pulse to be processed doesn’t meetthe requirements that are set up by the lower and upper level control and/or no pulse in present at the input.九、比较结构1.The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist’s interpretation of what heor she has observed even more clearly than observation.2.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than heexpects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.3.He was more annoyed than worried when they did not come home.4.It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling of bones in it thanfriendliness.5.We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.6.Tom is no more fond of playing chess than Jack.7.The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.8.The pen is to a writer what the fun is to a fighter.9.I’ll say this, that the best shot in existence could be have done it more beautifully.10.The strongest spring sometimes leads to fatigue failure caused by excessively high stress.十、it的用法1.But now it is realized that supplies of some of then are limited, and it is even possible to givea reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all knownsources and reserves of these materials.2.The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rightsunless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.3.Unfortunately it is those places that are best avoided by all citizens that are no capturing thepopular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards.4.It makes sense for cyberspace participants themselves to agree on a scheme for questionableitems, so that people or automatic filters can avoid undesirable material.5.It is easy enough for software manufacturers to build an automatic filter that would preventyou or your child from ever seeing the undesired item on a menu.6.It is clear that there are several applications for gene transfer that probably will be carried outover the next five to ten years.7.It has become a platitude that one may go almost anywhere with no other linguisticequipment than English and get on almost as well s in New York.8.When he pulled up against the curb a few car-lengths ahead, it occurred to him that the trafficmight have helped him get away too.9.It is amazing how easy it is to put a dent in these new cars.10.It is not yet clear whether the new Internet elite will choose to have the lasting legacy thatearlier moguls did.。
定语从句长难句例句
定语从句长难句例句1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators.【结构分析】本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。
主句：He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile televisionmobile television的同位语：a nascent industry at theintersection of telecoms and media…定语从句which offers new opportunities to device-makers,content producers and mobile-network operators来修饰先行词a nascent industry【参考译文】他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商提供了新的机遇。
2. Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way.【结构分析】本句包含两个并列分句。
注意前一分句省略了和后一分句相同的主语they(指代网络销售商)。
后一分句中，they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships是主句，关系代词which引导定语从句which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way，which指代上文的一整句话。
托福雅思长难句练习+精讲
托福雅思长难句练习1In order to create a sense of structure to this picture（目的状语）, researchers have relied on a distinction（主句）that still underlies the forms of much indigenous visual culture—a distinction between geometric and figurative elements（定语从句）.佳句妙译为了给这个图案创造一种结构感，研究者们依赖于这种仍然是构成许多本土视觉文化形式的基础的区分——这种区分介于几何元素和形象元素之间。
句法精析这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+定语从句，如下：主句：researchers have relied on a distinction定语从句：that still underlies the forms of much indigenous visual culture破折号后面a distinction between geometric and figurative elements是对前面的distinction的进一步解释说明。
词汇拓展distinction [dɪ'stɪŋkʃn] n. 区分；对比；荣誉【例】These are the highest distinctions that have ever been given by our government. 这些是我国政府迄今授予的最高荣誉称号。
【派】distinctive（adj. 独特的，有特色的，与众不同的）【同】differentiation, separationindigenous [ɪn'dɪdʒənəs] adj. 土生土长的；本地的；天生的【例】Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America. 印第安人是美洲的土著居民。
托福长难句100句
托福长难句100句1.Totally without light and subjected tointense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，thedeep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in someways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置insome ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected tointense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostileenvironment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote asthe void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canadain the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressivepopulation growth．(倒装结构Basicto any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
定语从句长难句翻译从句长难句翻译例句及讲解
定语从句长难句翻译从句长难句翻译例句及讲解导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“从句长难句翻译例句及讲解”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!英语从句的翻译定语从句状语从句名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）定语从句的翻译无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，翻译成汉语时是处理为前置定语还是后置定语，要视具体情况而定；有些定语从句和主句存在着状语关系，翻译时更要灵活对待。
It was what sentimentali s ts, who deal in very big words, call a yearning after the ideal, and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections, which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes.It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after theideal, and means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.大意是说：这就是情感主义者称之为对于理想爱情的渴望，简单说来，就是女人必须在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到满足。
who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words 用来修饰sentimentalists (情感主义者) who m引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children which 引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes用来修饰affections平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that 引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
定语从句长难句解析
定语从句之长难句解析1. It was what sen time ntalists call a year ning after theideal, and means that women they are not satisfiedun til they have husba nds and childre n.【要点】who 引导的定语从句who deal in very big words用来修饰sen time ntalists （情感主义者）whom 引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections 用来修饰husba nds and childre n o which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes 用来修饰affecti ons【译文】一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼，称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。
换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄,必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。
2.. Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times morein formati on on them tha n conven tio nal cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in Europeancoun tries where cen tralized banks can roll out new serviceson a n ati on wide basis.【要点】本句为简单复合句。
句架为Smart cards, which…，are。
which already widely used in European coun tries where...为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句修饰smart cards ; where为关系副词，引导定语从句修饰countries °nationwide:全国范围内的。
长难句系列三分类长难句：10.3-18.3
I.定语从句1.Libraries made education possible, and education in its turnadded to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.2.There are probably no questions we can think up that can't beanswered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness.3.Tom, the book's protagonist, took issue with a man who dotedon his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought nothing of separating the husband and the wife, the parents from the children.4.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in anenvironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.5.He finds that students who were easy to teach because theysucceeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.6.The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and itsview, fueled in part by the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.7.Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and allthe old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.8.I'm glad that I can talk about it with you --- probably you're theonly person that I'll have that won't get tired of my talking about writing.1.N onstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child-bearing years.2.N owhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.3.I n no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.4.N ot since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dieted as vigorously as they are doing today.5.C oupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.6.T he inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.7.T he American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births.8.W e really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.9.T his is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.10.Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption --- however productive may be what some of its members do in society.1.M ost novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who described women in the West, when they described women at all, fell under Turner's spell.2.A braham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest.3.I n the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination --- indeed, some call it unprecedented determination --- to succeed.4.T he discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.5.B ut, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since, all other factors being equal, well-developed skills can be the difference between having a job and not.6.I t is, everyone agrees, an immense task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.7.T he more people there are and the more crowded their living conditions, authorities warn, the greater the likelihood of violence and upheaval8.W hile it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though they empty into the sea on the same side of a divide, is exactly identical, such streams do have many species in common..9.N o one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusion it may lead.10.P rotests and demonstrations are being staged in the U.S.where opposition is mounting to the construction of a $70 billion nuclear waste storage plant near Mexican border. IV．省略结构1.The breakthroughs would create as much danger as theywould hope.2.The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have theappearance of grains of sand.3.He largest known raindrops are slightly less than a quarter-inch across, or would be if they were perfectly round.4.In 1970 the output of aluminium from the plant amounted toabout 10 per cent of that of the country; of copper 8 per cent.5.It is of interest to note that the U.S consumes more than one-half of the world's supply of energy; the continent of Asia only 1/20.6.In their hearts, women think it is men's business to earnmoney and theirs to spend it --- if possible during their husbands' life, but ,at any rate, after their death.7.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful thatit could afford to ignore its critics --- but no longer.8.One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan's acutepopulation pressure by imagining what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous country were inhabited by28 million people instead of the 5.7 million as at present.9.Here, a complete mastery of the language, however stupid thechild; there, in most cases, even with people otherwise highly gifted, a faulty and inexact command.10. By taking thought, men can move mountains --- andhave.11. In 1865 the Civil War, ( also known as the " Warbetween the States" ) finally came to an end, but not before hundreds of thousands of men had died.12. When a man picks up a weight from the floor andraises it above his head, he has in effect inserted his bodybetween the weight and the earth and pushed the weight one way with his hands, and the earth the other way with his feet. V.同位语结构1.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or betterthan one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.2.Every observation leads to the conclusion that a hot bodyplaced in cooler surroundings loses heat until it reaches the surrounding temperature, for example, a kettle of boiling water left in a cool kitchen.3.The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home andits pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.4.I recall Sun Yet-sen's very close contacts with Britain,leading up to the famous attempt by the then Chinese embassy to kidnap him and return him to China, a plot which was defeated with the help of the British Foreign Office.5.Perhaps this is the ultimate role of science fiction: to act as aninterpreter of science to humanity.6.What both students and teachers are experiencing is therecognition that the more complex structures one encounters ina language are not vital to making oneself understood and sohave a less immediate field of application.7.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has giventhe Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds'.8.Given the chemical balances set up in the lake and the factthat the iron had accumulated slowly, over hundreds of years, the researchers concluded that the carbon dioxide, too, had seeped gradually into the lake, and not as a result of a sudden volcanic eruption.9.The fact that a compass needle assumes a north-southdirection leads to the conclusion that the earth must be a magnet, with the space all around it constituting a huge magnetic field.10.However many disadvantages all this may involve,there is at least this to be said in its favor, that the woman lives more in the present than the man, and that, if the present is at all tolerable, she enjoys it more eagerly.VI.分词结构1.Then, having ensured that their species will survive, theshrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.2.Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationallywhen forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent.3.Hydrogen, being a small molecule, may be absorbed into theholes in the crystal lattice of metals in much the same way as a sponge absorbs water.4.The solution of raising the income of the poor is likely,unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.5.Since the 1950s scores of major urban newspapers haveceased operation, leaving most large U.S. cities with no more than one morning and one afternoon newspaper.6.Some robots can read an engineering drawing with onetelevision eye and find the necessary parts and assemble them to the drawing using another television eye and a mechanical hand and arm.7.The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to havea distinctly "cultural" as well as language learning content.That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.8.Because of increased physical fitness, life expectancy in thenation has risen to seventy-three years, with fewer people suffering from heart disease, the nation's number one killer.9.In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominantmode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes.10.Being very short of money and wanting to dosomething useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting the job were slim.VII.否定结构1.Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, lookat the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with anti-bacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.2.He is no more able to read Spanish than I am.3.But Darwin could not be satisfied with a gentleman's life anymore than Babbage could find satisfaction in a financial career.4.One can't be too careful in making the decision as it is such acritical case.5.If I accidentally had my attention drawn to the fact that someother boy knew less than myself, I concluded not that I knew much, but that he, for some reason or other, knew little.6.A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it be good, itcan not last too long: if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.7.I can not state too strongly my appreciation for the part youplayed in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result.8.There is not a line of his music that could have beenconceived by a little mind.9.As for the peasant population of a great part of the world,they are not so much anxious as hungry.10.Thatcher said, " I do not say this because I believe thatwe should be in any way provocative towards the Soviet Union or anyone else."11.She is the last person I'd expect to meet in a disco.12.The last thing we wanted was for the newspapers tofind out what was going on.VIII.比较结构1.In Japan he is famous already, a personality no less in the public eye than the Crown Price or the first baseman of the Tokyo Giants.2.A general-purpose computer is regarded less as an electric calculating machine than as a capable assistant to human beings.3.The success of the government's anti-inflation efforts will depend as much on political will as on economic policy.4.A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.5.A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.6.Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people.7.Such estimates are little better than guesses.8.There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.9.Much as she loved her pet cat, we may imagine that she was more horror-stricken than grief-stricken at her discovery. 10.After monitoring the production of the artificial heart and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients, the US Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.。
托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总
托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总为了帮助大家备考托福。
提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读长难句：湖泊蓄水层的储量原文：Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.参考翻译：估计表明：蓄水层包含充足的水去填满Huron湖。
但很不幸，在目前这个地区半干旱气候条件下，蓄水层的补水率很小，总计大约一年50毫米。
词汇讲解：aquifer /'?kw?f?/ n. 含水土层semiarid /?sem(a)?'?r?d/ adj. 半干旱的结构划分：Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year.)解析：修饰一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介词短语，修饰后面红色主干部分中文：在半干旱气候条件下修饰二：(that presently exist in the region)，从句，修饰conditions中文：现在存在于这个地区修饰三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非谓语动词，修饰前面红色主干中文：总计大约一年50毫米主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal中文：蓄水层的补水率很小托福阅读长难句：甘薯的来源考据原文：As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.翻译：正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。
长难句之定语从句翻译练习
定语从句翻译练习1. Still, a program that loses robotic Mars missions will not be entrustedwith human lives until it can show that it can get them there and back safely.然而， 一个用机器人探索火星遭遇失败的航天项目是不可能进行载 人实验的，除非能证明它能把人安全地送往哪里并且安全地送回来。
2. There are 30,000 policemen in the New York City, a city famous forits temptations, which makes it highly unlikely that there will never be pockets of policemen who have gone bad.纽约市有 3 万名警察，而这个城市到处处充满了诱惑，很难保证不会 有一小撮警察腐化变质。
3. The intelligence test is an attempt to access the general ability of anychild to think, reason, judge and synthesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which are within his range of competence and understanding.智力测试时通过向儿童提供他们能力范围和理解范围内的一些情景， 其中有口述的也有十几的，试图以此测定儿童的思考，推理，判断， 分析和综合等方面的能力。
4. Today’s devastating and astonishing wellcoordinated attacks on theWorld Trade Center towers in New York and on the Pentagon outside of Washington plunged the nation into a warlike struggle against an enemy that will be hard to identify with certainty and hard to punishwith precision.时下对纽约世贸中心大厦和华盛顿市外五角大楼的攻击时毁灭性的， 精心策划的，这使整个国家陷入战争般状态，即与一个很难确定其身 份并给其恰如其分惩罚的敌人作斗争。