英语句子成分及练习经典PPT课件
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英语句子成分讲解超级详细ppt课件
这个计划证明是可行的。 _T_h_e_p_l_an__tu_r_n_ed__o_u_t/_pr_o_v_e_d_（_t_o_b_e_)_p_r_a_c_tic_a_l_. ________.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
句子成分(22张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
湿。
形容词、副词、代词、数词、The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝
定语 名词、动词不定式、介词短
语等
色衣服的男孩是汤姆。
续表
句子 成分
构成
例句
状语
副词、介词短语、分词和分
The girl lives in AmeriAmeri--ca.
词短语、不定式等
这个女孩住在美国。
宾语
We found him alone by the
B 陈述句部分是肯定句，且谓语动词为 played，故其反意 疑问句要借助助动词 did 且为否定形式。
( )12.Let's go to the cinema to see a
film, ________？
A. will you
B．shall we
C．won't you
D．don't you
B 前面是 Let's 开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句应用 shall we。
I waited for the bus for half
名词、宾格代词、数词、动
宾语
an hour.我等公交车等了半
词不定式、动名词等
小时。
The weather is wet in the 在连系动词之后的形容词、 southern part.在南部，气候 表语 副词、名词、代词、不定式、潮 介词短语等
感谢观看
THANK YOU
( )15.Don't open the door, ________？
A.aren't you
B．don't you C．will you
C 祈使句的反意疑问句用“will/won't you”，因陈述句部分 是否定的，故用 will you。
形容词、副词、代词、数词、The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝
定语 名词、动词不定式、介词短
语等
色衣服的男孩是汤姆。
续表
句子 成分
构成
例句
状语
副词、介词短语、分词和分
The girl lives in AmeriAmeri--ca.
词短语、不定式等
这个女孩住在美国。
宾语
We found him alone by the
B 陈述句部分是肯定句，且谓语动词为 played，故其反意 疑问句要借助助动词 did 且为否定形式。
( )12.Let's go to the cinema to see a
film, ________？
A. will you
B．shall we
C．won't you
D．don't you
B 前面是 Let's 开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句应用 shall we。
I waited for the bus for half
名词、宾格代词、数词、动
宾语
an hour.我等公交车等了半
词不定式、动名词等
小时。
The weather is wet in the 在连系动词之后的形容词、 southern part.在南部，气候 表语 副词、名词、代词、不定式、潮 介词短语等
感谢观看
THANK YOU
( )15.Don't open the door, ________？
A.aren't you
B．don't you C．will you
C 祈使句的反意疑问句用“will/won't you”，因陈述句部分 是否定的，故用 will you。
英语句子结构分析1.句子成分ppt课件
❖ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常 帮我做功课) /
❖ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步 说明它的情况。
❖ 如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数 词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从
pronunciation. ❖ ④ How many new words did you learn last
class? ❖ ⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming.
❖
his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
可编辑课件
9
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行 为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的 后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
英语句子成分分析分析解析(课堂PPT)(2024版)
6. I prefer my coffee hot.
7. Don’t worry about me; just take care of yourself.
8. You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.
与全句没有什 么语法关系， 有感叹词、肯 定与否定的答 语、插入语、 呼语等
常用词 例句 类
名词、 I find the book very boring. 形容词, 分词, 不定式 介词短 语等
名词、 This is Mr. Li, our 数词、 headmaster. 代词或 The news that he is ill 从句 worries us.
2024/11/13
14
主动语态变成被动语态后, 宾语补足语变成主补.
I last saw him playing near the river. →He was seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating →in the exam.
machine off. ● She wondered why Jim was so angry
with her.
2024/11/13
13
㈤宾语补足语
We must keep it a secret.
I found the book interesting.
Please keep the dog out.
The student was caught cheating in the exam.
We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor.
句子成分和句子结构(31张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
AB C
D
③ She find it difficult to do the work.
ABC
D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
AB C
D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
主 表 宾 定 状 宾补
1) 主语（subject） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。
名词,主格代词 ,动词不定式,动名词或从句
I like football. The boy needs a pen. 2) 谓语（predicate） 说明主语的动作或状态。由 动词 担任。常置于主语后。 The train leaves at 6 o’clock. I want a ticket.
I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语)
八大句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 同位语
十大词类
冠词 名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词 介词短语 动名词 动词不定式 分词
5) 宾补（objective complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。 They made him‹king.› I consider the book‹too expensive.›
6) 定语（attributive） 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子， 汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。
这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The students in the room are in Class Nine.
英语句子成分及练习课件PPT课件
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock .
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（三）谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
副，介词短语或句子
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
副词，介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
• I have different hobbies in different seasons. In spring I like flying kites. In summer I go swimming. I often climb
第11页/共54页
（四）表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow,
turn,Leabharlann seem等）之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
第12页/共54页
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
The plane took off at ten o’clock .
第9页/共54页
（三）谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
副，介词短语或句子
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
副词，介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
• I have different hobbies in different seasons. In spring I like flying kites. In summer I go swimming. I often climb
第11页/共54页
（四）表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow,
turn,Leabharlann seem等）之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
第12页/共54页
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
高中英语语法-句子成分ppt课件
• Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.
定语：限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词
常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语
或从句担任，形容词位于名词之前
短语或从句置于名词之后。
最新版整理ppt
7
句子成分
• The parents named their baby Tony.
谓语
宾语
状语
宾语：及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系
的对象，常由名词或相当于名词的
词担任，位于动词或介词之后
最新版整理ppt
4
句子成分
• My brother teaches English at a school.
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句
常由副词或相当于副词的词组担任
可置于动词之前或之后
补语：用来补充主语和宾语的意义 一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份
或特征
最新版整理ppt
8
句子基本结构
1. Day dawns. 天亮了。
主语S
谓语V
2. Tom is a professor.
主语S 连系动词L
表语P
最新版. Ruth understands French.
句子成分：主干+枝叶
主、谓、宾（直接宾语和间接宾语）定、状、 补（主补和宾补）、表。
最新版整理ppt
1
句子成分
• My brother teaches English at a school.
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
主语：一句话的主体，英语句子中不可
初中英语句子成分讲解及练习 PPT课件 图文
Sunday.（介词短语） 4.When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数 词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词 或短语等。
单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 1.The black bike is mine.（形容词） 2.What’s your name?（代词） 3.They make paper flowers.（名词）
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或 “是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名 词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 2.He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定
(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
小练习
请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking
into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son? 5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数 词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词 或短语等。
单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 1.The black bike is mine.（形容词） 2.What’s your name?（代词） 3.They make paper flowers.（名词）
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或 “是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名 词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 2.He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定
(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
小练习
请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking
into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son? 5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)ppt课件
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The prt (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。
主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
– To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。
主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
– To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
《英语句子成分》PPT课件
The relationship between sentence components
Subject predicate relationship
The relationship between the subject and predicate, indicating the relationship between the action executor and the action itself.
and omitted components
01 Overview of English Sentence Elements
Definition and Function
Definition
English sentence components refer to the various parts that make up an English sentence, each of which plays a different role in the sentence and together form the complete meaning of the sentence.
Tense consistency
The subject and predicate must be consistent in tense, that is, the present tense subject uses the present tense predicate, and the past tense subject uses the past tense predicate, etc.
Function
The object plays an indispensable role in English sentences by taking action and indicating the object or result of the action.
句子成分(35张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
介词短语作 The boy under the tree is John. 树下的那个男孩
定语
是约翰。
成分
用法
例句
副词作定语
She met me on her way home. 她在回家的路上 遇到了我。
定语
动词不定 式作定语
He has a lot of work to do today. 今天他有大量 的工作要做。
句子成分
初中英语专项复习课件
构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部 分叫作句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从 句充当的。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表 语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语等。句子成 分的考查体现出了多样性，单项选择、翻译和书面 表达等题型都会有所涉及。在学习过程中，正确分 析单词、短语或从句所充当的句子成分是很重要的。
成分 用法
例句
动词不定 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决意味着失败。
式作主语
It's my honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言是我的荣幸。
主语
动名词 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
作主语
Eating more vegetables is good for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
成分 用法
例句
代词作定语
Open your mouth and put out your tongue. 张开嘴，伸出舌头。
定语
数词作定语
She spent seven days on the beach. 她在海滩上度 过了七天。
名词作定语 This is a stone table. 这是一张石桌。
2025届高考英语专项复习 句子成分及基本句型 课件(共28张PPT)
定语通常包括前置定语和后置定语 前置定语 放在被修饰或限定的词前
I have a cute dog.
后置定语 放在被修饰或限定的词后 The girl in the reddress is my sister.
英语八大句子成分
定语
可以作定语的词类
名词 I am an English teacher.
动名词 Entering a university is my dream.
从句 What he said is right.
英语八大句子成分
谓语 >说明主语的动作、状态和特征
只有动词和动词短语能作谓语
→谓语有人称、数和时态的变化
>谓语通常包括简单谓语和复合谓语
简单谓语 由一个实义动词或动词短语构成
I love my dog.
复合谓语 由情态动词/助动词+动词原形 或 系动词+表语构成
I don 't want to drink water. You should drink much water. You look beautiful.
英语八大句子成分
宾语 > 动作的对象和承受者
>双宾语(间接宾语IO+直接宾语DO)
形容词 数词
I read an interesting book. I have two brothers.
介词短语 The girl in a red stress is my sister. 不定式 I have a letter to write .
分词 The smiling girl is my sister.
英语八大句子成分 主语
可以作主语的词类
名词 The dog iscute.
英语五大句子基本结构ppt课件
状
谓
定
定
places in Australia.
宾
定
精选课件
He has just bought a car and has gone
to Alice Springs,a small town in the
centre of Australia.
He has just bought a car and
主
谓
状
状
I looked at the young man and the
young woman angrily.
I looked at the young man and the
主
谓
宾
young woman angrily.
宾
状精选课件
I read a few lines, but I didn’ t
主
谓
状
连主
didn’t send cards to my friends.
谓
宾
精选课件 状
I got up early and bought thirty cards.
I got up early and bought thirty cards.
主谓
状
连
谓
定
宾
He is working for a big firm and he has
精选课件
简单句基本句型实例
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came ．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语
She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me.
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teach English.（不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成 分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾 语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
句子成分详解表
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
短语等
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
（二）主语：
• 主语 (Subject) • 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问 词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动 词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、 数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词 和主语从句等表示。例如：
名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
We study in Zhucheng No.1 Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.
定语 状语
用来修饰名词或代词
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子
副词，介词短语或句 子
We have eight lessons every day.
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
（四）表语
• 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、 特征、状态与身份，它位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等） 之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、 数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介 词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词） 3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特 征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
词类 句 子 成 分
短语
(get up; so that; look for)
主语 谓语 基 宾语 本 表语 句 补语 型
定语 修饰 状语 成分
同位语
独立 成分
按 结 构 句 子
按 功 能
简单句 并列句 复合句
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
一、句子成分
• （一）句子成分的定义： • 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句
语法复习----
句子成分
词类
名词 China; pencil; salt; power… 代词 they; itself; that; who; any… 形容词 beautiful; round; exciting… 副词 quite; luckily; almost; very… 动词 buy; die; have; will; must; be… 数词 one; first; ten; tenth… 连词 and; but; while; because; after… 介词 at; in; with; by; on; for; of… 冠词 an; a; the 感叹词 Oh; ouch; aha…
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）
2.We often speak English in class（. 代词）
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和 表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
（不定式）
5.Smoking does harm to the health（. 动名词）
6.The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词）
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）
8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成 分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾 语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
句子成分详解表
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
短语等
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
（二）主语：
• 主语 (Subject) • 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问 词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动 词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、 数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词 和主语从句等表示。例如：
名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
We study in Zhucheng No.1 Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.
定语 状语
用来修饰名词或代词
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子
副词，介词短语或句 子
We have eight lessons every day.
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
（四）表语
• 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、 特征、状态与身份，它位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等） 之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、 数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介 词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词） 3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特 征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
词类 句 子 成 分
短语
(get up; so that; look for)
主语 谓语 基 宾语 本 表语 句 补语 型
定语 修饰 状语 成分
同位语
独立 成分
按 结 构 句 子
按 功 能
简单句 并列句 复合句
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
一、句子成分
• （一）句子成分的定义： • 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句
语法复习----
句子成分
词类
名词 China; pencil; salt; power… 代词 they; itself; that; who; any… 形容词 beautiful; round; exciting… 副词 quite; luckily; almost; very… 动词 buy; die; have; will; must; be… 数词 one; first; ten; tenth… 连词 and; but; while; because; after… 介词 at; in; with; by; on; for; of… 冠词 an; a; the 感叹词 Oh; ouch; aha…
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）
2.We often speak English in class（. 代词）
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和 表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
（不定式）
5.Smoking does harm to the health（. 动名词）
6.The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词）
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）