牛顿的生平及成就英文简介

In Optics
The publication of Optics, largely written by 1692, was delayed by Newton until the critics were dead. The book was still imperfect: the colors of diffraction defeated Newton. Nevertheless, Optics established itself, from about 1715, as a model of the interweaving of theory with quantitative experimentation .
Newton’s Life And Chief Achievements
Life Introduction
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the foremost scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe. During two to three years of intense mental effort he prepared Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy commonly known as the Principia, although this was not published until 1687. At the age of student, Newton had general gift as common people. However, he was into reading scientific books, especially mechanical books, and he often made some small but original things. From about 12 to 17 years old, Newton was king in middle school. On June 3, 1661, he entered the trinity college at Cambridge university. At that time, the college teaching is based on Aristotle's theory, but Newton prefer to read some modern philosophers such as Descartes, Copernicus and Galileo, and Kepler astronomers more advanced ideas. Newton’s politics career. With the improvement of scientific reputation, Newton's political status has improved, too. Seats in 1669 was awarded the lucasian professor of mathematics, in 1689, he was elected to congress. Newton in 1689 to 1690 and is a member of the Royal Academy of sciences, 1701, in 1703 became President of the royal society, and for 24 years, only in the former President, Joseph Banks, is also a member of the French academy of sciences.
In Philosophy
he laid the foundation of Newton's laws of motion and Newton's laws of universal gravitation. It is obvious that we all know the laws, however, as far as I am concerned, vitally crucial is his ways of unraveling problems. To sum up, the ways are as follows: Experiment, Theory and Application Analysis bwk.baidu.com Synthesis Induction and Deduction Physical and Math ways
Telescope Newton used
In Mathematics
Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied, but is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration). Newton had the essence of the methods of fluxions by 1666. The first to become known, privately, to other mathematicians, in 1668, was his method of integration by infinite series. In Paris in 1675 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently evolved the first ideas of his differential calculus, outlined to Newton in 1677. Newton had already described some of his mathematical discoveries to Leibniz, not including his method of fluxions. In 1684 Leibniz published his first paper on calculus; a small group of mathematicians took up his ideas. A violent dispute sprang up, part public, part private, extended by Leibniz to attacks on Newton's theory of gravitation and his ideas about God and creation; it was not ended even by Leibniz's death in 1716. The dispute delayed the reception of Newtonian science on the Continent, and dissuaded British mathematicians from sharing the researches of Continental colleagues for a century. What a shame! In my opinion, it is meaningless to argue who firstly set up the theory on earth, the critical point is that they established the theory alone.
But history is cruel, Newton’s philosophical thoughts has inevitable boundedness. He almost spent all his time proving the God’s existence in his late life. But then again, it was a wise man that never made a mistake, Newton's historical limitations and his historical achievements, move forward, is to enlighten the posterity of materials.