水平井分级压裂技术介绍

2010年2月1日水平井压裂工艺水平井压裂工艺建议一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统：完井工具一次入井实现水平井裸眼段分层压裂工艺一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Primary Objectives主要作业目的•Control Where the Frac is Placed压裂作业区域控制ØIsolation of segments of the lateral实现压裂作业井段横向分段隔离ØCreate fractures over the entire length of the lateral 实现全井段完全压裂作业•Increase NPV 增加投资回报率ØHigher initial rate of production 提高产量ØIncreased reservoir drainage 增加采收率ØLower operational expenses降低作业成本产能分析投资回报率分析一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统单井产量对比124Well #7Koone 2-35185Well #6Knowles 1-26387Well #5Koone 1-34545Well #4Cassell 1-26578Well #3Hildreth 1-36880Well #2Hillis 1-271017Well #1McGee 1-352753Frac PointWell Knowles 2-26-H Initial Productio n Rate (mcf)Well Well Name Initial Production Rate of Offset Vertical Wells一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统压力时间水力开启球球球表面漏失导致压力降低一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统使用优势•Oil Company savings–Rig time compared to conventional completion methods.缩短钻机/修井机使用时间–The days of Fracturing time compared to conventional methods减少压裂作业时间–No cementing of Liner cost as with conventional methods 无固井作业需求–No wire line or perforating needed as with conventional methods.不需要钢丝作业和射孔作业一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Seat Sub球座Setting Ball Capture Seat一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Seat Sub 球座Used across all of BOT’s product linesDeveloped as a temporaryplugging system more than 25 years agoEstimated usage approximately 12,000 sincedevelopment“P”Pressure Activated Sleeve压力开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统“P”Pressure Activated Sleeve压力开关滑套Developed as a pressure actuatedcirculating sleeve more than 25years ago –Used across all of BOT’s product linesPort configuration was modified for Frac-Point applicationsEstimated usage since development approximately 7,500Ball’s球•Ball’s tested at 250 deg to 8,500 psi在121℃，58MPa下做球实验•Specific Gravity Options比重选项– 2.47 Phenolic2.47酚醛塑料– 1.9 Custom Rubber 20921.9橡胶– 1.25 Nytef–Available Sizes 可用尺寸•3.500 in 3.000 in 2.500 in 2.250 in 2.000 in 1.750 in 1.500 in一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Open Hole Packer 裸眼封隔器History :Developed as the Premier Removable Packer System 675 runs since 2001一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Open Hole Packer Performance•Based on 10K Premier Packer ChassisØ6-1/8”Hole = 10,000 psi 3-7/8 Hole = 8,500 psiØ6-1/4”Hole = 8,500 psi 4.00 Hole = 8,500 psiØ6-1/2”Hole = 6,000 psi 4.25 Hole = 5,000 psiØTemperature Rating: 100 –350°FØInitiation Pressure adjust between 1,200 –1,800 psiØTorque Rating: up to 6,000 ft. lbs. depending on thread type ØNo body (mandrel)movement during settingØ255K Tensile RatingBall Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Activated Frac Sleeve 投球开关滑套Development in 1990 to selectively producedifferent intervalsModified for use in Frac-point applicationswith the addition of the ball seat insert9739 runs from 1992 to 2006Ball Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套•Opening Pressures adjustable between 2,000 –4,000 psi ØAvailable Seat Sizes• 3.500 in• 3.000 in• 2.500 in• 2.250 in• 2.000 in• 1.750 in• 1.500 inLiner Top Packer System 尾管封隔器Ø 4 ½’’X 7’’SystemØRun On HR Liner Setting ToolØHydraulically releases at 2,300 psiØOD: 5.875 inØID: 3.958 in一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Liner Top Packer System尾管封隔器系统ØOne Trip Deployment –No Setting Tool NeededØPacker Set with 2,000 psi and Applied Tension and CompressionØ12,000 psi Differential RatingØ200,000 lb Tensile RatingØIntegral 5.250 in ID 6 ft. Tie Back ExtensionØTorque Capability of the HR 12,000 ft. lbs.Development HistoryØOriginally developed as an alternative for “two trip”North Sea permanent packer completions. Developed in 1980.Ø508 SB Packer runs since 2003Ø524 HR Running tool runs since 2003一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Sizes Available 现有产品规格•4-1/2”Liner x 7.00”CSG x ( 6-1/4”to 6-1/2”) OH •2-7/8”Liner x 4-1/2”CSG x ( 3-7/8”to 4-1/4”) OH •3-1/2”Liner x 5-1/2”CSG x ( 4-1/2 to 4-3/4”) OH •5-1/2”Liner x 9-5/8”CSG x ( 8-1/2”to 8-3/4) OH二、机械滑套+封隔器/固井ZoneSelect水平井压裂技术该系统可在一次起下钻中完成多个操作（酸化或压裂），不需要过油管干预，经济省时。

用水泥取代裸眼井封隔器对地层进行分层。

尾管悬挂器坐封后，通过油管将水泥注入井鞋。

在注水泥期间，刮管胶塞的套筒向下关闭状态。

用威德福的两种液压转换工具（HWB）控制套筒的开关。

转换工具由连续油管送入，一个向下，另一个向上。

压裂前下转换工具并打开ZoneSelect的套筒。

将位于井底的转换工具上提到油管较粗位置—“存储仓”，并与油管以最大面积接触，以便减小在压裂过程中由转换工具产生的压力损失。

一层压裂完毕后将该层套筒关闭，由HWB开关工具将另一层的套筒打开。

在多层压裂过程中，重复进行这种打开、压裂、关闭、开启下一层的操作。

在活井中可以用常规转换工具对所有滑套进行关闭和再次开启。

如果需要分隔末端套筒，则在其上面使用胶塞分隔。

水平井压裂系统-固井隔离采用水泥固井代替裸眼封隔器. 尾管挂坐住后，水泥固井。

固井过程中刮塞下行不会误开滑套，因为所有滑套都为上开式。

水平井和直井都可使用酸化或者压裂砾石充填二、机械滑套+封隔器/固井固井隔离工作原理1、下入工具串，坐住尾管悬挂器，泵水泥2、水泥碰压后，坐悬挂封隔器3、水泥侯凝后，开最底端滑套4、开关工具随后提至竖直井段托筒处30二、机械滑套+封隔器/固井5、开始底层压裂6、底层压裂结束，关闭底层滑套7、打开上层滑套，重复步骤4~5进行压裂，然后关闭本层滑套8、所有层压裂结束后，可选择性打开滑套进行生产。