句子成分

句子成分

句子成分指构成句子的各个组成部分。主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等。例如：You speak English very well.

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主语——句子所描述的主体，一般位于句首。可做主语的有：名词、代词、数词等词类，以及短语或从句。

George studied hard.

Everything goes well with me.

To be off work means not to go to work.

Learning English well is very easy.

From the hotel to the station was half hour on foot.

What he said made his mother angry.

It is important for you to learn English well.

谓语——又称谓语动词，用于说明主语的动作或状态，一般谓语主语之后。可做谓语的有动词或动词短语。

I got an A in my exam.

I take part in many after-school activities.

He did not come as a result of the rain.

You can eat it.

Bob is coming to see you.

表语——用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等，一般位于系动词后。可做表语的有名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式短语,介词短语等。

I am a student.

This book is yours.

He is 60.

Class is over. 副词

My dream is to become a scientist.

Your book is on the table.

My job is selling newspaper in the early morning.

宾语——用来表示动作的对象，承受者或结果，一般位于谓语动词后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，不定式短语,介词短语或从句等。及物动词和介词后需要跟宾语。

I broke your CD player.及物动词后跟宾语

Creativity is not about getting high test scores.介词后跟宾语。

(注意：少数不及物动词后也可跟宾语，这个宾语和不及物动词是同源词。

Sing a song for us.

He dreamed a sweet dream.)

She wants to become a teacher in the future.

It costs between 100 and 120 yuan.

You have to remember what I just said.

宾语补足语——及物动词后面接宾语时有时候意思不完整，需加一个补充说明宾语的成分——宾语补足语。

例如：如果去掉划线的宾补，句子意思将会不完整。

You should keep the room clean.

你们因该保持房间清洁。

Praise makes good men better.

赞美使好人变得更好。

We will not let you down.

我们不会让你失望。

He saw a plane flying to the north.

他看到一架飞机正往北飞去。

My teacher doesn’t allow us to use mobile phone in the classroom.

我的老师不允许我们在教室使用手机。

I find it difficult to learn English well.(it作形式宾语，代替to learn English well. difficult 作宾补。)

我发现学好英语是很难的。

定语——定语是修饰名词和代词的句子成分，用以说明名词或代词的品质或特征。可以用作定语的有形容词，代词，名词，数词以及短语或从句等。

It’s a beautiful song.

Your suitcase is very heavy.

There are 51 students in our class.

She is always the last one to leave the lab.

Who is the girl walking by the river?

Used cars are much cheaper.

I know a place where we can have fun.

同位语——对前面的词进行说明解释，同位语与前面的词语做相同的成分。

如：My friend Tom is a football fan. Tom 是My friend 的同位语，对其进行说明，两者在句中所做成分相同，都做________.

Brown，the tall and strong man, was asking for support.

They four carried the desk up stairs.

The fact that he had already gone abroad breaks her heart.

状语——修饰动词，形容词，副词时称为一般状语，表示时间、地点、方式、条件、让步、目的、结果、程度以及伴随状况等。

The plane takes off at 10:30.

He works in a school.

You should do as your teacher said.

Young as he is, he has been working as a teacher for 3 years.

——修饰整个句子时叫做句子状语，包括评说性的句子状语（表明说话的态度）和连接性的句子状语（只起连接作用）。

In fact, I’ve never met him.

Luckily, it was not so hot.

First listen to me and then read after me.

It rained, therefore the game was put off.