02 并网逆变器防孤岛测试方法

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29 June 2009
Terms and definitions 定义
Island 孤岛 a state in which a portion of the electric utility grid, containing load and generation, continues to operate isolated from the rest of the grid. The generation and loads may be any combination of customer-owned and utility-owned. Intentional island 计划性孤岛效应 an island that is intentionally created, usually to restore or maintain power to a section of the utility grid affected by a fault. The generation and loads may be any combination of customer-owned and utility-owned, but there is an implicit or explicit agreement between the controlling utility and the operators of customerowned generation for this situation. 有意而为，通常用来为受故障影响的部分电网恢复或者维持功率。 Quality factor, Qf 品质因素 a measure of the strength of resonance of the islanding test load.
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29 June 2009
Scope and object
孤岛检测方法分为两类: 第一类称为被动检测,即通过观察电网的电压、频率以及相位的变化来判断有无孤岛 产生。 第二类为主动检测,如频率、相位偏移和输出功率变化测量等。如果光伏系统供电量 与电网负载需求相差较大，在孤岛产生后，负载端的电压及频率会发生较大的变动 ，此时可以利用被动式的检测方法来检测。若光伏系统供电量与负载需求匹配或差 别不大时，则在孤岛产生以后，负载端的电压及频率变化量很小，被动式的检测方 法就会失效，为此，必须采用主动式的检测方法。
IEC 62116: 2008 Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters
并网逆变器防孤岛测试方法
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输出功率：能够提供EUT最大输出功率和其他测试测试条件下的功率输出 响应速度：5%负载变化导致的10%以内的输出电流变化，模拟器的响应时 间在1ms以内。要能避免收MPPT控制系统、DC侧纹波频率、防孤岛动作 的影响 饱满因数fill factor: Fill factor = (Vmp × Imp)/(Voc × Isc) ~ 0.25-0.8 Vmp , Imp 最大功率点的电压、电流 稳定性：排除MPPT的影响，在整个测试过程中，保持功率输出2%的稳定 性
1. PV array simulator A unit intended to be energized directly from a photovoltaic source shall be energized from a supply that simulates the current-voltage characteristics and time response of a photovoltaic array. The tests shall be conducted at the input voltage defined in Table 2 , and the current shall be limited to 1,5 times the rated photovoltaic input current, except when specified otherwise by the test requirements. 测试必须在表2指定的输入电压下进行，电流限制到1.5倍的额定PV输入电流
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29 Ju来自百度文库e 2009
Terms and definitions 定义
run-on time, tR 运行时间 the amount of time that an unintentional island condition exists. Run-on time is defined as the interval between the opening of the switch S1 (Figure 1) and the cessation of EUT output current. 非有意孤岛状态存在的总时间。定义为开关S1断开到EUT输出电流停止的间隔时间
The waveform measurement/capture device shall be able to record the waveform from the beginning of the islanding test until the EUT ceases to energize the island. 波形测量/捕获设备要能够记录从孤岛开始到EUT停止给孤岛供电的波形 For multi-phase EUT, all phases shall be monitored. A waveform monitor designed to detect and calculate the run-on time may be used. 对于多相EUT，所有相都要监控。应该使用能够监测并计算运行时间的波形监视器。
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29 June 2009
Testing circuit 测试电路
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29 June 2009
Testing circuit 测试电路
需要测量的参数
TÜ V SÜ D Group
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29 June 2009
Scope and object
Provide a test procedure to evaluate the performance of islanding prevention measures used with utility-interconnected PV systems. 本标准提供一个测试程序来评估并网光伏系统中的防孤岛方法 Inverters and other devices meeting the requirements of this standard are considered non-islanding as defined in IEC 61727. 满足本标准要求的逆变器及其他设备被认为是IEC 61727中定义的无孤岛逆变器。 所谓孤岛现象是指：当电网供电因故障事故或停电维修而跳脱时，各个用户端的分布式 并网发电系统（如：光伏发电、风力发电、燃料电池发电等）未能即时检测出停电 状态而将自身切离市电网络，而形成由分布电站并网发电系统和周围的负载组成的 一个自给供电的孤岛。 孤岛发生时由于系统供电状态未知，将造成不利影响：①可能危及电网线路维护人员和 用户的生命安全；②干扰电网的正常合闸；③电网不能控制孤岛中的电压和频率， 从而损坏配电设备和用户设备。
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29 June 2009
Terms and definitions 定义
PV array simulator DC power source used to simulate PV array output 模拟PV阵列输出的支流电源。 MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)最大功率跟踪 MPPT is a PV array control strategy used to maximize the output of the system under the prevailing conditions Non-islanding inverter 无孤岛逆变器 an inverter that will cease to energize a utility distribution system that is out of the nominal operation specifications for voltage and/or frequency (from IEC 61727 Ed. 2.0) 当并网分系统的电压、频率的操作参数超出其标称参数时，会停止供电的逆变器。
29 June 2009
Testing circuit 测试电路
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29 June 2009
Testing equipment 测试设备
Measuring instruments
Waveform observation shall be measured by a device with memory function, for example, a storage or digital oscilloscope or high speed data acquisition system. 波形观察要用有记忆功能的设备测量。例如，储存或数字示波器、高速数据记录系统
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29 June 2009
Testing equipment 测试设备 DC power source
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29 June 2009
Testing equipment 测试设备 DC power source
A PV array simulator is recommended
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29 June 2009
Testing equipment 测试设备 DC power source
2. Current and voltage limited DC power supply with series resistance A DC power source used as the EUT input source shall be capable of EUT maximum input power (so as to achieve EUT maximum output power) at minimum and maximum EUT input operating voltage. 在EUT的最大最小工作电压下能够提供最大的 输入功率，来达到EUT最大输出功率。 The power source should provide adjustable current and voltage limit, set to provide the desired short circuit current and open circuit voltage when combined with the series and shunt resistance described below. A series resistance (and, optionally, a shunt resistance) should be selected to provide a fill factor within the range shown in Table 2. 电源应提供调整电流、电压限值，设置提供预期的短路电流和开路电压。应选用能提供表2饱 满因数范围的串联电阻。
TÜ V SÜ D Group
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29 June 2009
Testing equipment 测试设备 DC power source
A PV array or PV array simulator (preferred) may be used 应使用PV阵列或者PV阵列模拟器