虚拟语气 (1)

虚拟语气

【使用说明】利用本学案，完善虚拟语气知识体系

【学习目标】1. 了解一些特殊词组句式中虚拟语气的运用，如：would rather sb. did, if only, etc;

2. 通过本学案的学习，完善虚拟语气的知识体系；

3. 学以致用，能出色的完成本部分的练习。

【重难点】归纳与总结虚拟语气在一些句式中的运用

（一）“if”虚拟条件句

If he were here, he would help us.如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。

If I had been free at that time, I would have visited you.如果那时我有空的话，我就拜访你了。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野营。

（二）省略“if”的虚拟条件句

将虚拟条件从句中的“were，had，should”放到主语之前，构成部分倒装Should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来，告诉他让他给我打电话。Were I you, I would not do it.如果我是你，我就不做。

Had I been free, I would have visited you.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。（三）混合虚拟条件句

1.不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则

If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.

要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）

If he______________me yesterday, I _______________ what to do now.

要是他昨天告诉我了，我就知道现在做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）

If I _______ you, I __________________ to her birthday party.

如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）

2.虚拟与陈述的混合，遵守相应的规则

He could have passed the exam, but he________________careful enough.

他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。

You should have come earlier. The bus_______________ a moment ago.

你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。

（四）含蓄虚拟条件句：即不用“if”而用其它形式给出虚拟条件

1.用“but for+名词”表示虚拟条件

—Did you make it at last? 你们最后成功了吗？

—Yes. But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss.成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。

2.用“without+名词”表示虚拟条件

Without electricity, human life ___________ quite different today.

如果没有电的话，人类今天的生活就会大为不同。

3.用“过去分词”表示虚拟条件

Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。

4.用“副词otherwise”表示虚拟条件

I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I______________ you.我当时太忙，否则我

就给你打电话了。

7.用“连词but连接的句子”表示隐含的虚拟条件

1

He _________fatter but he eats too little.

A. would become

B. would have become

C. must become

D. must have become

【解析】答案为A。从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。

（五）特殊句式虚拟结构

1.一坚持___________ 二命令______________三建议_____________________ 四要求____________________________等+宾语从句(should )do

He suggested that we (should)not change our mind.他建议我们不要改变主意。He insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.他坚持要到南方去工作。

注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.他坚持认为做早操对人的身体有益。

2.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/requir ed…+ that从句(should) do

___________________________________________________________________ ______________有人建议应该有更多的学生去上大学。

3.My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should)do

___________________________________________________________________ ___________

我的建议是有应该尽可能多地练习说英语。

4.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is..

The request that they should get more is reasonable.他们得到更多的要求是合理的。

5.It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句(should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

It’s strange that he should have missed the train.（表竟然）

___________________________________________重要的是我们理应向他人学习。（表理应如此）

It is a pity that he should not go with us.真遗憾，他不肯跟我们一起走。(表惋惜)

6.wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)

wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)

wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)

I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)

I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)

I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。

(过去)

7.It is (high) time + 从句(did或should do )

政府真该提高公众的环保意识了。

___________________________________________________________________

8.would rather + 从句(did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你现在呆在家里。

I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。

9. should have done __________________ could have done

_____________________

Needn’t have done ___________________

You ____________________________ your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。

你本能通过考试的。___________________________________________

②省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If only + 从句( did/were与现在相反)/

(would/could/might + do与将来相反) /( had done 与过去相反) “要是……就好了”

If only my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!

If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

If only he would come tomorrow!要是他明天能来该多好啊！

注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。

10.as if +从句(did/were 与现在相反) / (would/could/might + do与将来相

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