英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业参考样题
(完整word版)语言学及应用语言学经典习题
二、语言学及应用语言学经典习题（一）单项选择题1、关于语言符号的任意性，下列说法不正确的一项是( )A、复合符号原则上不是任意的，是有理据的B、正是由于语言符号的任意性，语言是可变的C、最基本的单纯初始符号都是任意的D、任意性是指一个符号先由某一个群体约定，继而向周围扩散推广2、关于书面语，下列表述不正确的一项是( )A、书面语是在口语的基础上产生的，经过加工和提炼，比较规范，所以，语言研究应该首先研究书面语B、书面具有相对的独立性C、任何语言总是先有口语，后有书面语D、书面语和口语的差异主要是风格上差异3、产生与18世纪末叶19世纪初叶的语言学被称为( )A、结构主义语言学B、历史比较语言学C、社会语言学D、功能语言学4、组合关系现在一般称为( )A、联想关系B、类聚关系C、句法功能D、语义组合5、语音的四个物理要素中，区别不同的意义起着最为重要的作用的是( )A、音高B、音强C、音长D、音色（二）、多项选择题在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
1、一个元音的发音特征取决于( )A、起主要作用的部位B、声带是否振动C、唇形的圆展D、舌位的前后E、舌位的高低2、基本词汇的特点是( )A、数量最多B、使用范围广C、理据性强D、产生历史长E、构词能力强3、根据字符跟语言单位的语义还是语音相联系的标准可以将文字分为( )A、音节文字B、音位文字C、表意文字D、意音文字E、表音文字三、名词解释1、发音方法2、语法单位的构成关系四、简答题简述索绪尔对语言学的主要贡献。
五、分析题试从词语的构造方式的角度对下列合成词进行分类，分别填入相应的各项中：修辞阿姨瓜子燕子女儿马儿作者司仪刚刚第三作为忘记窗户木头开头后现代后年词根和词根组合的合成词词根和词缀组合的合成词前加式派生词后加式派生词六、论述题（本大题共2小题，第1小题10分，第2小题9分，共19分）举例说明几种主要的语法手段。
语言学论文题目参考
语言学论文题目参考选论文题目时应充分考虑主客观条件，即个人的特长和兴趣、选题的理论价值和实用价值。
最好能结合自己的实际工作进行选题，下面是小编采编的一些比较优秀的外国语言学论文题目，供大家阅读。
1.关于“外国语言学及应用语言学”的思考2.关于外国语言学研究的几点思考3.“十一五”期间国家社科基金外国语言学立项热点及分布分析4.国家社科基金外国语言学课题立项情况历时统计分析5.外国语言学及应用语言学硕士学科点课程规划研究6.基于立项信息语料库的外国语言学研究热点分析7.中国学者从事外国语言学研究的正道8.对外国语言学研究的思考9.外国语言学研究现状及方法探讨10.当代隐喻学在中国(1994—2013)——一项基于CSSCI外国语言学来源期刊的文献计量研究11.关于外国语言学研究的思考及探索12.论外国语学院学科建设的有效策略——以外国语言学及应用语言学为例13.聚类分析在外国语言学研究中的应用14.国际语言文化交流中的外国语言学及应用语言学研究15.漫谈外国语言学博士研究生的培养16.反思性教学在外国语言学课程改革中的应用研究17.外国语言学及应用语言学硕士点18.山东省重点学科——外国语言学及应用语言学19.略述外国语言学家对汉语的认识20.校级重点学科“外国语言学及应用语言学”简介21.外国语学院学科建设外国语言学及应用语言学22.近十年外语学界对跨文化研究1的梳理及分析——以2002-2012年外国语言学类核心期刊2为例23.国家级人文社科重点研究基地广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心24.《外国语言学及应用语言学》硕士点培养模式、机制研究25.解放军国际关系学院外国语言学及应用语言学专业学科介绍26.外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生职业发展规划调查研究——以沈阳师范大学外国语学院为例27.反思性教学与外国语言学课程教改探索28.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地:广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心29.学院重点建设学科——外国语言学及应用语言学30.反思性教学与外国语言学课程教改探索31.文学与语言学怎样相处——2002年外国文学年会座谈纪要32.外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心“第二语言研究”方向介绍33.第三届江苏省外国语言学学术论坛在苏大举行34.第二届江苏省外国语言学学术论坛总结报告35.“外国语言学及应用语言学”研讨会回顾36.黑龙江大学外国语言学及应用语言学(英)简介37.基于对外国语言学研究的几点思考38.上海对外贸易学院外国语言学及应用语言学日语学科硕士研究生招生信息39.首届江苏省外国语言学学术论坛在南京大学召开40.繁荣中的北航哲学社会科学外国语言学及应用语言学引智平台41.中国外国语言学界研究现状的实证分析报告——基于2007—2009年6种外语类核心期刊的量化研究42.首届江苏外国语言学学术论坛将在南京举行43.南京大学举行外国语言学研究所成立仪式暨学术报告会44.浅谈外国民族政策中的语言政策45.外国自闭症儿童语言习得研究近15年之综述46.云南师范大学外语学院外国语言学及应用语言学专业硕士点简介47.三类写作任务条件下外国CFL学习者作文语言特征48.外国普通语言学期刊选介49.南京大学外国语言学研究所简介50.语言学视角下的外国文学中的语言胜境概览51.语言学与外国文学研究:模式、分析与融合学术研讨会即将召开52.应用语言学硕士研究生学科知识结构的构建和课程设置53.“性别与语言工作坊”在北京大学举行54.语料库语言学视野中的外国文学研究55.广东外语外贸大学外国语言文学一级学科博士点简介56.外国文学课程中性别语言差异及社会性别意识改观研究——以后现代女性主义为视角57.“语言学与外国文学研究：模式、分析与融合”学术研讨会通知58.语言学范例、语言与文学性：对外国学生的文学教学策略59.“性别与语言工作坊”在北京大学举行60.第二届广外应用语言学论坛征稿通知61.语言学教育理论视阈下外国文学与汉语教学的融合与探索62.第二届广外应用语言学论坛征稿通知63.倾向作者模糊限制语初探64.现代外国语言学术语词典概述(1960—1975)65.培养学生自主能力，促进教师自主发展——访华中科技大学外国语学院徐锦芬教授66.功能语言学视角下上海世博会外国展馆宣传资料的中译——以博洛尼亚案例馆中文宣传手册为例67.从系统功能语言学视角看词典中的外国人名翻译68.聚类分析在外国语言学研究中的应用69.同外国友人浅谈中国语言和文字70.中国语言学的未来在哪里?71.清末至民国时期外国学者对黎族人体质、语言研究72.语言学理论的引进与学派的形成——兼谈钱冠连先生的学术思想73.外国语言教学语境下文化词语教学策略探讨74.外国语言学研究现状及方法探讨75.学科风采——外国语言文学76.外国学生汉语写作中非语言困难及解决方法77.构建语言类外国专家综合评估体系78.媒介学视域下哈代小说在外国文学史中的经典化79.外国语言研究论文索引80.外国学生副词“又”的习得顺序研究——基于北京语言大学HSK 作文动态语料库的研究81.陕西师范大学外国语言文学系简介82.西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)外国语言文学与文化研究(第九卷)征稿启事83.在新媒体视角下做好独立学院新闻宣传工作的对策与途径——以中山大学新华学院外国语言文学系为例84.比较两种外国语言的异同点85.热烈祝贺南京师范大学外国语学院设立外国语言文学博士后流动站86.江苏省外国语言学会第一次会员代表大会暨学术报告会在南京师范大学举行87.构建语言类外国专家综合评估体系88.谈谈外国语言的科学研究89.“双一流”背景下的我国外国语言文学学科发展战略90.外国语言研究论文索引91.二○一二年全国外国语言文学研究暨《山东外语教学》发展战略高峰论坛举办92.浅议外国文学中的语言艺术93.华东师范大学外国语言研究中心《国外外语教学》(CSSCI来源期刊)编辑部“青年学者培养计划”94.外语基础教学与应用能力的培养──广东省外国语言学会94年度学术研讨会综述95.曲阜师范大学外国语言文学学科简介96.黑龙江大学外国语言文学博士后科研流动站97.语言经验在听者感知英语外国口音程度中的效应研究98.《外国语言研究论文索引》(1999年第4季度)99.谈大型外语研究专科索引的编纂——《外国语言研究论文索引》(1949—1989)编纂透视100.基于对外国语言学研究的几点思考101.北京经济管理职业学校外国语言系102. 外国语学院举办古代外国语言教学研讨会。
语言与应用语言学考试样卷及参考答案
语⾔与应⽤语⾔学考试样卷及参考答案《语⾔与应⽤语⾔学》考试样卷及参考答案xam for Language and Linguistics: A Workbook《语⾔与语⾔学：实⽤⼿册》试卷You have 120 minutes to finish this exam.The exam consists of four sections:Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course (15 items, 30%)Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics (8 items, 24%)Section 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics (8 items, 24%)Section 4 Checking analytic application (2 items, 22%)This is a close exam. You are not allowed to consult any reference books or with other examinees.Always read the instructions very carefully before you do the exam items.Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course (15 items, 30%) （这部分正式考试时只选择其中的三种题型来⽤，每种题型有5个⼩题，共计15 个⼩题。
样题中每部分只提供了两个⼩题作为参考。
）Complete the following items by providing the information based on the course book.1. Activity 2 of Unit 3 is entitled “An Anatomy of the Word”. The keyissue dealt with is.2. According to the author, the best way to study linguistics is.There is one error in each of the following statements. Identify it and correct it.1. The course book discusses altogether six general functions of language.2. People seldom perform illocutionary acts in their daily activities.Choose those words or phrases that best complete the missing items. Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary.1. Language is as old as .2. It is wrong to assume that are the persons so named.3. is only one of the ways that represent language.4. Most of speech sounds are produced by . Only afew are uttered by ingressive airflow.5. Words do not stand for things through consciously madeby man.Match a proper definition from Column B with the term in ColumnA.1 politeness a) related to the thing it stands for by resemblance2 speech acts b) the study of the relationship between a person’s hand writing and his character3 an icon c) the strategies employed by language users to protect their own and their addressees’ face4 graphology d) related to the thing it stands by agreement and convention5 sign e) the positive image or impression of oneself that one shows or intends to show to the other participantsf) the ‘things one does withwords’ at the structural level of the sentenceClassify the following words into the appropriate groups to which they belong.1 a material world -2 a subjective world -3 a symbolic world -Decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Writea T if the statement istrue and an F if it is false.1. Child language acquisition is only mentioned in Unit 9.2. Different cultures have different views on language, e.g. onword magic, on language power,and so on.Chose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. Unit 8 Language in Society discusses the relation between identity,including all of the following EXCEPT .a) national b) gender c) status d) culture2. Which of the following is used as a hedge in the sentence, “Sayingsomething will often, or even normally, produce certain consequential effects upon the feelings, thoughts, or actions of the audience, or of the speaker or of other person s.”a) saying b) certain c) consequential d) effectsSection 2 Checking understanding of some general principles oflanguage and linguistics (8 items, 24%)Give short answers to the following questions. You can answer them in your own words, or by using the exact expressions from the course book. Use examples to illustrate your point where necessary.1. What is the difference between a local dialect and Putonghua?2. What are the two general components that saying something has? Give an example to illustrate your pointSection 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics (8 items, 24%)Provide brief analysis to the questions below, using the linguistic knowledge you have learned in the course.1 The diagram shows the part of speech organ. Replace the letters (A, B,C and D) with technical terms given below. Note that there are moreterms than necessary.alphabet, alveolar ridge, uvula, hard palate, soft meat, soft palateABCD2. The diagram is an analysis of the word eat. The letters (A and B) indicate the missing analytic elements. Complete the analysis.Note that the letters (A, B, …I) indicate the slots that you have to fill in. Ignore the slots without any letters.4. Identify the illocutionary acts in the following talk exchanges.Situation:甲’s car hit⼄’s car at the rear. 警(i.e. traffic warden, 交通警) was talking to the two drivers.警：还要给你画现场吗?甲：你们看吧。
北京外国语大学(已有10试题)
北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语新闻业务与新闻学基础知识2006——2009国际新闻2010国际法学专业（无此试卷）外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002中国外语教育研究中心外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）文化语言学2007语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002外国文学所英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005国际问题研究所外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002社会科学部外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002国际商学院外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002俄语学院俄语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）俄罗斯社会与文化2002——2003，2005俄罗斯文学2002——2005俄语翻译2004俄语翻译技巧2002翻译理论（俄语专业）2003俄语翻译理论与实践2005俄语基础2004——2005俄语语言学基础理论2002——2004现代俄语语言学2005俄语综合2002法语系法语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德语系德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005日语系日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）日本社会文化2004（日语系）日本语言文学2004（日语系）以下试卷为日研中心试卷，仅供参考：专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）日研中心日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）西葡系西班牙语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）西班牙语基础2003——2004（其中2004年的试卷共12页，缺P11-12）西班牙语专业2003——2004欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）阿语系阿拉伯语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语系欧洲语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）亚非语系亚非语言文学专业（无此试卷）国际交流学院语言学及应用语言学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004现代汉语1999古代汉语1999综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001中国历史文化2001历史文化综合1999——2000语言学与应用语言学专业综合2000语言学及现代汉语2000——2001比较文学与世界文学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004中国古代文学专业综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001高翻学院外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）。
大连理工大学外国语言学及应用语言学真题、初始复试考试科目
育明教育2015年考研指导方案考研最重要的就是方法、规划、模考大连理工大学专业初试考试科目一级学科、专业及隶属院（系、部）二级学科、专业0502外国语言学050201英语语言文学0502外国语言学050205日语语言文学050211外国语言学及应用语言学复试考试科目及参考书050201英语一语言文学面试加笔试英语语言学方向：①语言学②作文英美文学方向：①英美文学②作文①《语言学教程》修订版，编者：胡壮麟，2001，北京大学出版社②《语言学概论》，编者：王德春，2001，外语教育出版社；①《英国文学作品选读》（Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ），编者：陈嘉1982，商务印书馆；②《美国文学史及选读学习指南》（1、2册）编者：张鑫友，2003，湖北科学技术出版社050211外国语言学与应用语言学面试加笔试英语方向：①语言学《语言学教程》和《语言学概论》同上；各大学高年级专业日语教材②作文各大学高年级俄语专业教材日语方向：①语言学②作文俄语方向：①语言学②作文真题信息及辅导请联系QQ：947948911或TEL：180********《育明教育：150分考研专业课答题攻略》（一）名词解释1．育明考研名师解析名词解释一般都比较简单，是送分的题目。
在复习的时候要把重点名词夯实。
育明考研专业课每个科目都有总结的重要名词，不妨作为复习的参考。
很多高校考研名词解释会重复，这就要考生在复习的同时要具备一套权威的、完整的近5年的真题，有近10年的最好。
2．育明考研答题攻略：名词解释三段论答题法定义——》背景、特征、概念类比、案例——》总结/评价第一，回答出名词本身的含义。
一般都可以在书本找到。
第二，从名词的提出的背景、它的特征、相似概念比较等方面进行简述。
第三，总结，可以做一下简短的个人评价。
3．育明教育答题示范例如：“战略人力资源管理”第一，什么是战略人力资源管理（这是答案的核心）第二，它的几个特征，并简单做一下解释。
第三，和职能人力资源管理，人事管理等进行对比。
MTI试题及参考答案
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试《翻译硕士X语》考试大纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士X语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000以上，掌握6,000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、外语写作等。
总分100分。
I．词汇语法1. 考试要求1）词汇量要求考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型选择题或改错题。
总分30分。
考试时间为60分钟。
II. 阅读理解1. 考试要求1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题报道、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型1）选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2）简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
总分40分。
厦大外文系英语语言文学真题回忆外国语言学及应用语言学同试题完整版
厦大外文系英语语言文学真题回忆外国语言学及应用语言学同试题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]2017厦大外文系050201英语语言文学真题回忆二外法语：一.选择题（20小题，每题1分）：4选1二.近义词选择（10小题，每题1分）：根据句子中划线的词或者词组，选择最切近的选项，4选1三.人称代词填空（10小题，每小题分）四.对划线部分进行代词替换，并把直陈式改为命令式（5小题，每题1分）五.对句子中的划线部分，进行提问（5小题，每题1分）六.篇章时态填空（10空，每空1分）：篇章选自 Jack London 的作品（法语译作）七.阅读（1篇，9小题选择题，4选1；1小题根据划线语句写出中文意思。
共10分）文章内容：以法语写作的科技文章的衰落八.翻译，法翻中（3道题，总共15分）：出自阅读中的原文片段九.翻译，中翻法（3道题，总共15分）1.汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。
汉字的数量很大。
大约总共有60,000个汉字，其中常用字6,000个。
年前，中国工业主要集中于大连、天津、沈阳、青岛、上海、广州等东部沿海城市。
而除了武汉、重庆等几个大城市外，中西部的工业水平都非常低。
3.周恩来是一位出色的政治家、外交家，也是中国共产党的重要领导。
每一次他出现在外交场合，都会给热爱和平的人们带来希望。
他的出现象征着成功与胜利。
专业课一（翻译、写作）：一.翻译，中译英1.古文翻译（20分）出自韩愈《祭十二郎文》呜呼！吾少孤，及长，不省所怙，惟兄嫂是依。
中年，兄殁南方，吾与汝俱幼，从嫂归葬河阳。
既又与汝就食江南。
零丁孤苦，未尝一日相离也。
吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世。
承先人后者，在孙惟汝，在子惟吾。
两世一身，形单影只。
嫂尝抚汝指吾而言曰："韩氏两世，惟此而已！"汝时尤小，当不复记忆。
吾时虽能记忆，亦未知其言之悲也。
2.社科翻译（20分）类似政府工作报告中国自古奉行和平外交政策。
英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业参考样题
英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业参考样题(综合知识)时间:2012-06-27 21:31 责编:admin 点击: 1075次考试科目：英语专业综合知识适用专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究、现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）Part One European and American Cultures (50 points)1.Explain any THREE out of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 WORDS each: (15 points)1William the Conqueror2Homer3The War of Roses4Martin Luther5The melting pot6 1.Fill in the blanks in the following to complete the idea: (10points)1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _____________________ .2. Thanksgiving Day falls on _______, on which Americans give thanks for _ _.1.The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _____________; the executive government is ___________.4. The “Age of Drama” in ancient Greece is said to be represented by three dramatic poets, they are__________________, ____________________, and ___________________.5. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the __________________ and the__________________.6. The word “Renaissance” means _______________, it generally refers to the period in Western civilization between the ____________ and mid _______________century.7. In the early 1930s, ___________________ brought poverty and humiliation to millions of people in the United States and Europe. 8. The American War of Independence began in _____________ and ended in _________.9. The United States government form is based on the three main principles: Federalism, ___________________________________and ________________________________.10. Henrik Ibsen was born in ________________, as the Father of Modern Drama he was famous for his “ __________ plays.”III. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (25 points)1. Americans have usually believed that government should play a limited role in society. What are some of the reasons for this belief? (8 points) What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in artand literature during the Italian Renaissance? (9 points)3. Why was the sixteenth century so important to English history? (8 points)Part II British and American Literature (50points)I. Explain any THREE of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each: (15 points)1. Geoffrey Chaucer2. The Romantic Period in English literature3. Henry James4. American naturalism5. Washington IrvingII. Multiple Choice: ( 15 points )Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write down your answer on the answer sheet.1. Which of the following is NOT directly related to Humanism during the Renaissance period?[A] to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.[B] to regard human beings as creatures capable of development in the direction of perfection.[C] to prepare people’s souls for a future life in heaven.[D] to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient Greek and Roman authors.2. Beowulf, a typical example of __________, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.[A] modern drama [B] medieval drama[C] modern poetry [D] Old English poetry3. John Milton wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.[A] Samson Agonistes [B] Paradise Regained[C] Lycidas [D] The Pilgrim’s Progress4.The following statements about the Victorian age are all true EXCEPT_________.5.[A] New inventions and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology shook people’s religious convictions.6.[B] England became the workshop of the world as well as its financial and political center.7.[C] During this period, Britain’s colonial territory became smallerand smaller.8.[D] The Victorian age witnessed the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre.9.10.5. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?11.[A] The modernist writers find in symbol a means to express their inexpressible selves.12.[B] Its major concern is the external, objective, material world.13.[C] In modernist writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.14.[D] It advocates a free experimentation in new forms and new techniques in literary creation.15.16.6. Which one of the following writers belongs to the Theatre of the Absurd?17.[A] Samuel Beckett [B] T. S. Eliot18.[C] John Osborne [D] W. H. Auden19.20.7. Many American romantic writings in the 19th century have the following features EXCEPT ______.21.[A] a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature22.[B] a strong tendency to exalt the individual23.[C] a lack of interest in external nature24.[D] the use of the more colorful aspects of the past25.8. _______ is the author of “Song of Myself”.26.[A] Henry Thoreau [B] Washington Irving27.[C] Walt Whitman [D] Emily Dickinson28.9. Which ONE of the following is a typical feature of the literary scene of the Realistic Period in the American literary history?29.[A] The Americans began to be interested in the sentimental feelings of Romanticism30.[B] A new generation of writers aimed at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life31.[C] Most writers stick to the Gothic tradition32.[D] Writers who described the Indians of the Far West began to gain the favor of the reading public.33.34.10. _________ is the leading spokesman of transcendentalism in the history of American literature.35.[A] Nathaniel Hawthorn [B] Edgar Allan Poe36.[C] Ralph Emerson [D] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow37.38.10. Which ONE of the following is not a naturalistic writer?39.40.[A] Stephen Crane [B] William Dean Howells41.[C] Frank Norris [D] Theodore Dreiser42.43.II. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (20 points)44.7Please tell things you know about Shakespeare’s great tragedy Hamlet.8Please make a statement about the contributions of Mark Twain to American literature.Part III Linguistics (50 points) 9State, in ONE SENTENCE for each item, what you understand about the following terms: (10 points)1. displacement as a design feature of language2. the informative function of language3. language competence4. oral stop5. voiceless sound2Use the tree diagram to illustrate the relationship among the following terms: (10 points)3morpheme affix root free root bound root inflectional affix derivational affix prefix suffix45III. Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes: (10 points)67tangible usual logical thinkable sensible removable mobile legal rational human89IV. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each:(10 points)1010What is the difference between morpheme and word?11Can you list with examples some basic word formation processes?V. Use IC analysis to explain the following expressions: (10 points)12They can fish here.13a fat mayor’s wife14more expensive clothes。
江苏大学外国语言学及应用语言学试卷
江苏大学外国语言学及应用语言学试卷一、单项选择题 (每题1分，12小题，共12分)1.（）的故事说明了不顾事务的发展规律，急于求成，非但没有好处，还会好心办坏事。
[单选题] *A.东施效颦B.揠苗助长(正确答案)C.望梅止渴D.狐假虎威2.（）比喻反复无常，谴责那些说话做事经常变卦、不负责任的人。
[单选题] *A.刻舟求剑B.指鹿为马C.朝三暮四(正确答案)D.黔驴技穷3.（）的故事讽刺了那些妄想不劳而获、持有侥幸心理的人。
[单选题] *A.守株待兔(正确答案)B.狐假虎威C.塞翁失马D.朝三暮四4.（）的故事告诉我们，不明白事物的究竟，胡乱模仿，结果只能适得其反。
[单选题] *A.画蛇添足B.东施效颦(正确答案)C.郑人买履D.指鹿为马5.人们常用成语（）来讽刺不顾实际情况，只相信教条的人。
[单选题] *A.画蛇添足B.东施效颦C.郑人买履(正确答案)D.指鹿为马6. （）这个成语是比喻倚仗别人的势力来欺压人。
[单选题] *A.守株待兔B.狐假虎威(正确答案)C.塞翁失马D.朝三暮四7.（）的故事告诉我们，事物是在不断地变化着的，如果看不到事物的发展变化，只知一味墨守成规，就会做出让人笑话的事情来。
[单选题] *A.刻舟求剑(正确答案)B.指鹿为马C.朝三暮四D.黔驴技穷8. （）比喻多此一举反而弄巧成拙,把事情搞坏。
[单选题] *A.画蛇添足(正确答案)B.东施效颦C.郑人买履D.指鹿为马9. （）告诉我们在一定的环境和条件下，坏事可以转化为好事。
[单选题] *A.守株待兔B.狐假虎威C.塞翁失马(正确答案)D.朝三暮四10.（）被用来指那些公然歪曲事实，颠倒是非的行为。
[单选题] *A.刻舟求剑B.指鹿为马(正确答案)C.朝三暮四D.黔驴技穷11.“比喻虚有其表，本领有限”的成语是（）。
[单选题] *A.刻舟求剑B.指鹿为马C.朝三暮四D.黔驴技穷(正确答案)12.“比喻借空想来安慰自己”的成语是（）。
【总结】浙大外国语言学与应用语言学英语语言文学真题及答案
【关键字】总结总结：外国语与应用语言学：George Yule, “The study of language”(Second edition), Cambridge University Press, 1996；《语言学教程》胡壮麟主编，北大2001修订版；《新编简明英语语言学教程》戴纬栋、何兆熊著，上海外语教育出版社2002修订版。
英语翻译与写作：A Textbook of Translation，Peter Newmark，上海外语教育出版社，2001；《翻译学入门》(2011版)，陈刚，浙江大学出版社。
《旅游翻译与涉外导游》陈刚，中国对外翻译出版公司。
二外参照书目目俄语《俄语入门》上、下册，周鼎、徐振兴，北京外语教学与研究出版社，1993年；日语《新编日语》（1、2册）周平等编，上海外语教学出版社；德语《新编大学德语》（1-4册）朱建华，北京外语教学与研究出版社，2002年；《大学德语》（1-4册）张书良、赵仲、顾世渊，高等教育出版社，1994年；法语《新大学法语》（1-3册）李志清主编，高等教育出版社，2004年。
注意了，星火英语语言学考点精梳与精练考研的概念总结特别好，二外考法语的必备考研法语，现有所有考试的真题与答案，绝对真题，03-13年二外法语，翻译与写作，英语语言学，英美文学也有，去浙大玉泉校区买的，真心贵，现在可以低价转售，电子版拍的和复印版都ok哦QQ：2要的话赶紧咯。
总结主要问题：1、报考外语学院博士、硕士研究生，在哪里可以看到参照书目，能买到历年真题吗？教育部规定各招生单位不再公布参照书目，我院博士硕士研究生入学考试也不再指定参照书目。
硕士研究生考生如果需要，可浏览外语学院——研究生教育——常用信息——2012年外语学院全日制硕士生招生目录（含参照书目），以原指定的参照书为参照。
现在浙大研究生院不再提供历年试题。
2、外语学院研究生招生有哪些类型？外语学院研究生招生有全日制博士研究生(含英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、俄语语言文学、德语语言文学四个二级学科)、全日制科学学位硕士研究生、全日制专业学位硕士研究生（英语笔译硕士研究生）、在职攻读专业硕士学位（教育硕士研究生）等类型。
88个英语语言学、语言论文题目选题参考
88个英语语言学、语言论文题目选题参考1、把握英文演讲中的“演”技2、Study on Non-verbal Language in Communication3、A Talk on Figures of Speech in English Writing4、A study of the causes of Chinglish in writing5、Lexical Features of Advertising English.6、On the Function of Intonation.7、Major Differences between Spoken Discourse and Written Discourse8、广告英语语言特色的分析与研究英汉文化道歉语比较研究9、美国俚语社会语言学研究10、委婉语的社会语言学研究11、从语用角度谈英语委婉语12、报刊英语的语用特色从心理特征看言语委婉的根源13、礼貌的文化内涵和中西会话语用结构对比分析14、论言语模糊及其语用效果15、网络发展中的英语进化Change in English in the Development of Internet16、英式英语和美式英语的差异和将来的发展趋势On British English and America English （differences; the tendency of future development）17、语言学某一领域的研究如词汇研究18、英语习语与历史发展English Idioms and History19、英语习语与文化艺术（English Idioms and Art ）20、英汉共同的委婉语手段（The Similarities of Euphemism in Chinese and English）21、英汉广告中修辞格的使用特色The Use of the figures of speech in Chinese and English advertisements22、广告英语的词汇特色研究 A study of the lexical features of advertising English23、双关的妙用On the magic functions of pun24、On the Ambiguity of English Language 论英语语言的歧义现象25、现代英语词汇迅速发展的源泉26、网络英语的词汇类型及其特点27、广告英语的词汇特点28、英语教学中词汇的处理29、英语词汇意义的特点与词汇教学30、论中英文中动物词汇的文化差异31、英汉文化内涵在动物词汇上的体现32、试论篇章词汇衔接的语义基础33、英汉词汇文化内涵探析34、女性相关词汇及其文化内涵35、动物词汇的应用及其隐喻性的探索36、就词汇空缺谈旅游英语翻译技巧37、汉英语姓名文化对比研究38、英语颜色词的词义及文化对比研究39、论提高大学英语词汇教学40、浅析词汇的记忆与词的形态理据之问的关系41、试析英语中的歧义现象42、大学英语词汇教学的有效方法43、英语词汇教学新探44、英语词汇的联想与搭配探析45、英汉词汇比较中文化内涵的展现46、Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响47、Social Psychological Factors and Their Influence on ESL社会心理因素和他们对英语学习的影响。
大连外国语学院2003年语言学试题
大连外国语学院2003年语言学试题大连外国语学院2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学注意：①答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上不给分；②必须在答题纸上将题号标写清楚。
I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they are false. (20%)1. Sonorants are always voiced.2. [∫] is a palatal approximant.3. English obstruents can be distinguished by voicing.4. By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.5. A stem may contain a root and a derivational suffix.6. Derivational affixes very often add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem.7. In the production of consonants at least three articulators are involved.8. [u] is a high back lax rounded vowel.9. When allophones are in complementary distribution, they never occur in the same context.10. A word, rather than a morpheme, is a grammatical unit.11. Thematic meaning is what is communicated through association with another sense of the sameexpression.12. In English “some books” is a case of number concord.13. Parole is the actual phenomena or data of utterances.14. Italian is not a member of the Indo-European LanguageFamily.15. If the air is stopped in the oral cavity but the soft palate is down so that it can go out through thenasal cavity, the sound produced is an oral stop.16. All the allomorphs should have common meaning.17. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of a particular language.18. Some sentences may comply perfectly with the grammar rules of the language, but they may notbe semantically meaningful.19. Any language can be a lingua franca.20. Synchronic linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods oftime and at various historical stages.II. Fill in the following blanks. (20%)1. Predication analysis is to break sown predications into their constituents: (1) and(2) .2. One of the design features termed as (3) means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.3. The five associative meanings categorized by Leech are:(4) , social, (5) , reflected and collocative.4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the (6) phonetics studies sounds from the speaker’s point of view; the (7) phonetics looks at sounds from the hearer’s point of view; the (8) phonetics studies the way sounds travel by looking at sound waves.5. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at leastfive parameters, namely, phonologic, (9) , syntactic, semantic and (10) .III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20%)1. Of the following words, the sound [l] in is a clear one.A. tellB. quiltC. leafD. peel2. Of the following pairs is in complementary distribution.A. [l] as in [leik] and [m] as in [meik]B. [l] as in [li:f] and [f] as in [tef]C. [l] as in [li:d] and [r] as in [ri:d]D. none of the above3. Of the following pairs doesn’t form a minimal pair.A. pill and tillB. dill and gillC. gale and galeD. beat and pea4. If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme mustbe .A. /s/B. /t/C. /l/D. /p/5. [k]is a voiceless .A. alveolar stopB. velar stopC. post-alveolar plosiveD. velar fricative6. [z] is a .A. voiced approximantB. post-alveolar affricateC. voiced alveolar fricativeD. voiced alveolar affricate7. [j] is a .A. glottal fricativeB. palatal approximantC. alveolar approximantD. palatal fricative8. [?]is a vowel.A. low back lax unroundedB. central front unroundedC. central lax unroundedD. high front tense unrounded9. The one that does not fall into the property of alveolar is .A. [m]B. [t]C. [n]D. [r]10. /l/ and /r/ function as a minimal pair in .A. lead and readB. led and redC. peel and pearD. both A and BIV. Do the following analysis (20%)1. Match each expression under A with the one statement under B that characterizes it. (10%)A B(1) fat cow a. compound noun(2) scared cow b. root morpheme plus derivational prefix(3) cowfish c. phrase consisting of a adjective plus noun(4) coward d. root morpheme plus inflection affix(5) cower e. root morpheme plus derivational suffixf. morphemic wordg. idiom2. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (10%)A B(6) endanger h. free form(7) southwards i. bound root(8) geese j. inflectional suffix(9) received k. derivational suffix(10) distempered l. inflectional prefixm. derivational prefixn. inflectional infixo. derivational infixV. Produce the surface structures from the following deep structures without going through the process of transformations. (10%)1. the man [the man past be behind the table] past help me2. SOMEONE past be+ing be+en beat Joseph hard3. Q Mary pres be pleased SOMEREASON4. Tag you past see the thief5. [Neg Tom past go to school] [Neg Mary past go to school]VI. Illustrate the following sentence with tree diagrams. (10%) The tall man and the woman left.VII. Classify the following pairs according to the sense relation. Put the number before the pair in the space provided inyour answer sheet. The first one is done for you as an example. (10%)(1) alive/dead (2) buy/sellComplementary antonyms (1)1. hit/miss (a target)2. own/belong to3. lesson/lessen4. rich/poor5. squeak/creak6. tap/faucet7. above/below 8. the morning star/the evening star9. saw/hacksaw 10. sow (to scatter seeds)/sow (female adult pig)A. complementary antonymsB. synonymsC. relational oppositesD. gradable antonymsE. homonymsF. hyponymyVIII. Answer the following questions. (40%)1. Define ALLOPHONE with an example. (5%)2. What is assimilation? (5%)3. What is the criterion used in IC analysis? (5%)4. SEMANTIC FEA TURES or SEMANTIC DEMPONENTS of a word may be used to betteraccount for sense relations. Use examples to support this idea. (5%)5. BLENDING, ABBREVIA TION and ACRONYMY are the ways by which people have used tocreate new words and expressions. How do they differ fromone another? Use examples to help you to distinguish them. (5%)6. Is it acceptable to say that word is the minimum free form? (5%)7. The following dialogue that took place in an English pub serves as a good example of us to seevarious aspects of language functions. Explain the concept of language functions (such asinformative, emotive, conative, and interpersonal) with examples taken from the dialogue.(10%)Bill: How did it go?Mike: Oh, fantastic! I took some really good photographs. I am sure I will win the competition.Lily: Well, you’d better buy us all a drink, then.Mike: Yes, what would you all like? …(He goes to the barman).I’d like four pints of best bitter.Barman: … Excuse me, sir, how old are you?Mike: Sixteen, why?Barman: I think you know why.。
语言学及应用语言学真题锦集
语言学及应用语言学真题锦集[]（注：兔小黑童鞋抄在准考证上带出来的题，完整）一用国际音标给下列汉字注音。
我们特别需要一批能够仰望星空的人二名词解释1 鼻化音2 哈里迪3 语言的社会变体4 亲属语言5 意音文字三分析(空白语)（注：原题目很长，我记得是空语类，不是空白语，供参考吧）1 a. 我们打算再写一篇。
2 a. 我劝他不要来。
b. 我们同意再写一篇。
b. 我也找点东西吃。
c. 我们允许再写一篇。
3 分析歧义结构a. 孩子在火车上写字。
b. 张老师也教数学。
四简答题1 语言和文字的不同。
2 构词法和构型法的不同。
3 近几年来网络词语的特点。
4 简述语言的递归性。
五论证题1 语言符号的功能。
2 语境的作用。
中国传媒大学2010年研究生入学考试综合考试（注：兔小黑同学回忆版，部分。
10年的题量比较大，厚厚的一本试卷，不过答题时间应该是来得及的。
）现汉部分名词解释撮口呼句群通感区别词次方言构词方式脱贫特区离休飞播牵头简答题1调值和调类的关系2汉字标准化的内容3外来词类型4主语相对谓语动词有哪些语义关系类型古汉部分名词解释1隶变2古今字3章句4入声韵解释加点字，说明形旁和意义的关系古文加标点、翻译[/][]专业：语言学及应用语言学考试科目：语言学理论（总分150分，考试时间：3小时）一、术语解释（每条5分，共20分）1.克里奥尔语2.能指3.语言的地域变体4.历史比较语言学5.借源文字二、分析题（每题10分，共50分）1. 分析“饭卡、彩霞、航线、麻花”四个词语中八个音节的主要元音（韵腹）的音位及变体，并说明该变体产生的原因。
2.运用层次分析法画框式图的方式分析下列语言结构（要求分析到词）。
（1）英国科学家声称开发出可翻译外星人语言的计算机程序（2）建立汉语教师培训中心有助于中国文化在本地的发展3.识别下列语句中的歧义现象，并简述导致歧义的原因。
（1）小王说故事很有趣。
（2）连校长都不知道4.就“毕婚族、股民、晒工资、绿客、车奴、驴友、电话门”等分析现代汉语新词语现象。
北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2012年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2013年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2014年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2015年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解I. Briefly explain the following terms. (20 points)1．perlocutionary act【答案】According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act illocutionary act perlocutionary act. A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus, by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.2．minimal pair【答案】Minimal pairs are the two words which are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string. For example, the English words bear and pear constitute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.3．distinctive feature【答案】The distinctive feature refers to a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. For example, “voicing” is a distinctive feature, since it plays an important role in distinguishing obstruents in English.4．linguistic variable【答案】Linguistic variable are those where the meaning remain constant but form varies like cat and pussy have the same social meaning but different form. So far pronunciation is concerned house [h] and with [h] has same social meaning with different pronunciation. Here variables are just the tools to analyze the language to set social dimensional society.5．lingua franca【答案】It is a language that is used for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. The lingua franca couldbe an internationally used language of communication (e. g. English), it could be the native language of one of the groups, or it could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more languages.II. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1．Why do we say linguistics is a science? (10 points)【答案】Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It tries to answer the basic questions “What is language?” and “How does language work?” Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies languages in general.It is a scientific study because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. In order to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system, what the linguist has to do first is to collect and observe language facts, which arc found to display some similarities, and generalizations are made about them; then he formulates some hypotheses about the language structure. But the hypotheses thus formed have to be checked repeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity. In linguistics, as in any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation; that is, a theory without the support of data can hardly claim validity, and data without being explained by some theory remain a muddled mass of things.（此题考查语言学作为一门学科其科学性，此题开放性试题，从其研究内容及方法角度作答即可。
英语语言文学参考答案
英语语言文学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 正确。
这个选项符合英语语法规则，其他选项在语法或语义上存在错误。
2. C. 正确。
这个选项是正确的词汇搭配，符合语境。
3. B. 正确。
这个选项是正确的时态用法，其他选项时态不正确。
4. D. 正确。
这个选项是正确的固定短语搭配。
5. A. 正确。
这个选项是正确的介词使用。
二、填空题6. The correct form of the verb is "is" because the subject "knowledge" is singular and uncountable.7. The appropriate preposition to use is "with" to indicate accompaniment.8. The past tense of "go" is "went," which is required here to describe a past action.9. The comparative form of "big" is "bigger," which is needed to make a comparison.10. The superlative form of "beautiful" is "most beautiful," which is used to describe the highest degree of beauty among a group.三、阅读理解11. A. 根据文章第一段，可以得出正确答案。
12. C. 文章第二段提到了相关信息，支持这个选项。
13. B. 根据文章第三段的描述，这个选项是正确的。
14. D. 文章最后一段提供了这个问题的答案。
北京第二外国语学院(已有10试题)
北京第二外国语学院美学（无此试卷）比较文学与世界文学（无此试卷）英语语言文学日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础英语1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）综合考试（英1）（含英美文学、英美概况、语言学）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：其中英美文学部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美文学部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；语言学部分试卷惟独2001，2003——2023年年，语言学部分答案有：2001，2003——2023年年]综合考试（英2）（含经贸翻译、英美概况、国际贸易）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：经贸翻译部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，经贸翻译部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；国际贸易部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，国际贸易部分答案有：2003——2023年年]翻译1997（1997有答案）综合考试（现代汉语部分）1998——2002（2000——2002有答案）跨文化学（专业知识）1998，2001（2001有答案）美国研究1999——2001第 1 页/共 5 页英语写作1998——2001（2000有答案）应用英语（英文写作）2001应用英语（英语语言文学专业国际经济合作方向）2001应用英语（专业英语）2001英美文学2000——2002（2000——2002有答案）英美文学专业知识考试1998经济学原理1999俄语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）德语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）日语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础日语1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（专业）1998——1999，2002（2002有答案）专业日语（日本文学史）2004答案综合考试（日）（含日本文学、日本概况、翻译）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）综合考试（日本概况）1998——1999，2002——2003（2002——2003有答案）综合考试（日本文学史）1998——1999，2002——2003（2002——2003有答案）综合考试（日语翻译部分）2003——2023年年（2004——2023年年有答案）阿拉伯语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）外国语言学及应用语言学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础英语1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）综合考试（英1）（含英美文学、英美概况、语言学）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：其中英美文学部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，第 3 页/共 5 页英美文学部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；语言学部分试卷惟独2001，2003——2023年年，语言学部分答案有：2001，2003——2023年年]综合考试（英2）（含经贸翻译、英美概况、国际贸易）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：经贸翻译部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，经贸翻译部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；国际贸易部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，国际贸易部分答案有：2003——2023年年]翻译1997（1997有答案）综合考试（现代汉语部分）1998——2002（2000——2002有答案）跨文化学（专业知识）1998，2001（2001有答案）美国研究1999——2001英语写作1998——2001（2000有答案）应用英语（英文写作）2001应用英语（英语语言文学专业国际经济合作方向）2001应用英语（专业英语）2001英美文学2000——2002（2000——2002有答案）英美文学专业知识考试1998经济学原理1999国际贸易学国际贸易与国际金融2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）国际贸易理论与实务1998——2003（2003有答案）经济学原理1999企业管理管理学综合（企业管理专业）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）管理学综合2023年年（2023年年有答案）管理学原理2000——2002经济学原理1999旅游管理管理学综合（旅游管理专业）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）管理学综合2023年年（2023年年有答案）管理学原理2000——2002旅游管理2004——2023年年（2023年年有答案）旅游经济学1998——1999，2003旅游学概论2000旅游专业综合考试2001——2003经济学原理1999第 5 页/共 5 页。
外交学院英语语言文学、外国语言文学及应用语言学专业考研《基础英语》(713)样题
外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《基基础英语》（代（代（代码码713713））This examination paper consists of 3 sections:Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary, usage andgrammar;Section B tests your ability to understand English in context;and Section C tests your reading comprehension.Scoring SchemeTotal Score is 150 pointsSection A: Vocabulary, Usage, & Grammar(Subtotal Score is 60 points)Subsection 1 10×1=10 pointsSubsection 2 10×1=10 pointsSubsection 3 10×2=20 pointsSubsection 4 20×1=20 pointsSection B: Cloze Test(Subtotal Score is 40 points)20×2=40 pointsSection C: Reading Comprehension(Subtotal Score is 50 points)25×2=50 pointsTIME allowed: 180 minutes.Do not spend too much time on any one particular item.Section A: Vocabulary, Usage, & GrammarSubsection 1Directions: Choose one of the 4 answers given in each group which best matches the underlined part and write the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:1. Nowadays all kinds of new regimens seem to be emerging as people like to pay more for their health.A. replacementB. dietC. refinementD. reference2. There’s nothing quite like a real train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute.3. In driving simulators, marijuana does impair visual skills and mental dexterity.4. Otherwise, your response to each may be inappropriate, and you may exacerbate the problem.5. Fustian political speeches dominated the election.6. Wary of publicity, the judge sequestered the jury outside the courtroom.7. The twaddle about Russia being an energy superpower was dubious even before the priceof oil fell by nearly $100 in 2008.8. The government, he decided, was putrid. Everywhere he looked he saw evidence of dishonesty, deception and dictatorship.9. When the going was particularly rough, they would sit across a table in the dining hall and commiserate with each other.10. David found it easier to learn Chinese in his new milieu.Subsection 2Directions: Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs and write the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet:A. reliableB. elementaryC. everydayD. removableA. deftnessB. complexityC. healthD. sobrietyA. exaggerateB. exaltC. aggravateD. exasperateA. overblownB. fuzzyC. attractiveD. ill-advisedA. followed upB. insultedC. isolatedD. organizedA. nonsenseB. anxietyC. fearD. predictionA. reluctantB. relevantC. rottenD. reciprocalA. consoleB. commentC. ridiculeD. mockA. seminarB. maliceC. souvenirD. setting11. Seen ___ this light, the rise of China need not lead to a volcanic struggle with the United States ___ global rules and leadership. The Western order has the potential to turn the coming power shift into a peaceful change ___ terms favorable to the United States.12. A decade ago, China was wary ___ multilateral arrangements and was ___ cross purposes withmany of its neighbors. Subsequently, it has joined the World Trade Organization, contributedmore than 3000 troops to serve in UN peacekeeping operations, and has become more helpful___ non-proliferation diplomacy.13. The rhetoric on both sides is heating ___, security agreements are ___ jeopardy, andWashington and Moscow increasingly look at each other ___ the old Cold War prism.14. Should that happen, the United States must approach this rivalry ___ greater realism anddetermination than it has displayed ___ its halfhearted attempt ___ partnership.15. China could fall ___ the same trap that snared Japan: The government tries to reignitespending, but the banks, riddled ___ bad loans, stop lending. Deflation becomesunstoppable, and the consumer economy grinds ___ a halt.16. The gaudiest numbers, of course, belong to Internet companies such as eBay Inc. andYahoo! Inc., whose stock gains during the past year inspire either visions of easy wealth or, ___ the sidelines, plain old envy—or revulsion ___ the excesses ___ greed.17. There were fears last fall that a new bear market was ___ the offing, but stock pricesrebounded—and spending grew 4.4% in the final quarter of 1998. Similarly, stock prices recovered ___ six months after the October, 1987 crash, and there was only a smallimpact ___ spending.18. Life-cycle and permanent income theories ___ consumption posit that people base theirspending and saving decisions ___ what they believe their financial resources and needswill be ___ the long haul.A. by, about, inB. in, on, byC. in, over, onD. by, about, atA. of, on, withB. of, at, onC. about, over, onD. about, in, with A. up, in, through B. by, under, throughC. by, in, inD. up, under, inA. in, during, overB. in, in, againstC. with, during, againstD. with, in, atA. in, by, withB. in, by, atC. into, with, toD. into, with, atA. from, at, ofB. at, against, ofC. from, against, aboutD. at, at, aboutA. from, from, overB. in, within, onC. in, from, overD. from, within, onA. about, on, aboveB. about, about, aboveC. of, about, overD. of, on, over19. As the United States’ involvement in Iraq begins to wind ___, U. S. policymakers and U.S. commentators alike have started to wonder about the array of problems thatWashington will have to deal with next. Will it wrestle ___ new and deferred difficulties ___ a backdrop of largely cooperative ties with other major powers, or are such relations turning more conflictual.20. This “let’s make a deal” approach ___ diplomacy has a tempting simplicity ___ it. And it will surely force U. S. decision-makers to think harder about the ends they seek, ___what means they should pursue them, and at what cost.Subsection 3Directions: Decide which of the following 2 sentences in each group is correct, orwhether they are both correct, or neither is correct and write the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.21. (1) The long-term feud between the two families destroyed both of them.(2) The doctor cannot tell what long-standing effects the drug will have on the boy.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither22. (1) Shaking hands after a fight is a conciliatory gesture.(2) Is it possible to achieve any reconciliation between the theory and practice of life?[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither23. (1) They solved the problem by substitution of labor with machinery.(2) He promised to secure a substitute.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither24. (1) To have a real collision, China needs a military that is capable ofgoing toe-to-toe with the United States.(2) Brzezinski and Mearsheimer went head-to-head on whether these two great powerswere destined to fight it out.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither25. (1) The New York Times is now in the line of fire.(2) The prime minister was under the fire in Parliament for his handling of the budget.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherA. forward, against, atB. down, with, againstC. up, against, inD. through, with, atA. to, to, byB. on, to, withC. to, on, byD. on, on, with26. (1) Teachers sometimes notice language errors and fail to see the good ideas ina composition; they cannot see the wood for the trees.(2) The employers were prepared to discuss wages, they pressed home the advantagethis gave them by raising the matter of productivity.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither27. (1) It was an object with the king to ease off the taxation.(2) The government is freeing out $6.5 billion specifically for banks to loan to thosesmall companies feeling the squeeze right now.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither28. (1) They decided to apply economic sanctions, rather than to threatenwith military ones.(2) All necessary sanctions from various interested authorities have been obtained forthese plans.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither29. (1) If you are going to go swimming, we in law enforcement suggest a periodof careful recollection on the beach before you jump in.(2)This has been the worst situation within my recollection.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither30. (1) John studied hard and made a substantive improvement in mathematics.(2) The airwaves are noisy with nonsense at a time when we need serious, substantialinformation.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherSubsection 4Directions: Choose an article (or zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage and write the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.As bombs rock the country, fears are also building of 31 social unrest that may be triggered by 32 economic meltdown. The country’s largest city and commercial hub, Karachi, is already on 33 knife-edge. Plagued by Pakistan’s highest levels of sectarian killings, this heaving metropolis of 18 million fitfully erupts into 34 spasms of violence as 35 rival ethnic and political groups engage in open gun battles. The city comes to 36juddering halt for days. “It affects me badly,” says Zubair Gilani, who runs a factory that designs and produces fashionable clothes for export to Italy.Having hit the supply of cotton, the floods will now only add to 37 woes of garment businesses like Gilani’s and thereby undermine one of Pakistan’s chief exports. Even more seriously, in the rural areas of Sindh province beyond Karachi, 38 loss of rice andpossibly wheat crops over the coming months will hurt the agricultural sector and hassparked fears of food shortages. Floodwaters have destroyed 8.9 million acres (3.6 million hectares) of agricultural land and killed 7.2 million farm animals, according to the government’s figures. “There will be no income at least until March,” says Hamir Soomro,a landowner from the town of Shikarpur, where his family’s 1,200 acres (490 hectares) of rice have been submerged and his wheat seed for 39 winter washed away.Those who depended on 40 land have had to flee. In the historic town of Thatta, the road from Karachi is lined with 41 families sitting helplessly in the open air. Others are crowded in 42 Makli necropolis, 43 14th century graveyard consecrated to 44region’s Sufi saints, with some leaning on 45 tombstones for support. Many Sindhis—perhaps as many as 200,000—have made for 46 dubious shelter of Karachi’s slums and tent cities, adding to 47 volatile ethnic mix of 48 Urdu speakers and Pashtuns. “The city can’t cope with this many people,” says a Sindh provincial government official who did not wish to be named. “There will be tensions. 49 crime rate will rise. And how long will the government be able to feed these people?”The situation is not much better in the countryside, where 50 already rampant banditry looks set to increase along with land disputes. “Farmers are arming themselves in advance,” says Soomro.31. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil32. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil33. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil34. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil35. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil36. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil37. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil38. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil39. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil40. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil41. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil42. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil43. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil44. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil45. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil46. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil47. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil48. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil49. [A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil50. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nilSection B: Understanding in Context: Cloze TestDirections: Choose one of the four answers given in each group which best fits into each blank in the following passage and write the corresponding letter of the choiceyou have made in the Answer Sheet.Clinton, Bush, Obama: of course, they are different from one another. But they share a great similarity too. They meet at a certain 51 about the character of America itself.Leaders come in all 52 , and I have stumbled across the full range in my time. I recall sitting across the table from some leaders unable to think of anything other than: my God,the poor people of that country. You get the dumb; the cynical; the tedious; the mildly unsuitable; the weird; the 53 of systems so mad and dysfunctional, you find yourself marveling that the leader is sentient, let alone capable. And frankly some weren’t 54 . I remember asking rather unkindly when told of one leader’s death, “How could they tell?”Then there are the clever, wise and good ones, the ones you have to admire and like. And here’s the thing: there are more of them than you would think. But the real test of leadership—amongst all the tests of policy, judgment, politics and ability—is whether, in the final 55 , you put the country first; that ultimately you are prepared to put what you perceive to be the common good of the nation before your own 56 self. It is the 57 test. Very few leaders pass it. Each of these Presidents does and for a reason not connected simply to them.Americans can be 58 the rest of the world sometimes accuses them of: brash, loud, insular, obsessive and heavy-handed. But America is great for a reason. There is 59 in the American character that has been developed over the centuries, derived in part from the frontier spirit, from the waves of migration that form the 60 , from the 61 of independence, from the Civil War, from 62 historical facts and coincidences. But it is there. That nobility isn’t about being nicer, better or more successful than anyone else. It is a feeling about the country. It is a devotion to the American ideal that at a certain point transcends class, race, religion or 63 . That ideal is about values: freedom, the rule of law, democracy. It is also about the way you achieve: on merit, by your own efforts and hard work. But it is most of all that in striving for and protecting that ideal, you as an individual take 64 to the interests of the nation as a whole. It is what makes the country determined to overcome its challenges. It is what makes its soldiers give their lives in sacrifice. It is what brings every variety of American, from the lowest to the highest, to their 65 whenThe Star-Spangled Banner” is 66 . Of course the ideal is not always met—that is obvious. But it is always striven for.The next years will test the American character. America won’t be loved in this presidency 67 than in previous ones. But America should have confidence. That ideal, which produces the optimism that generates the achievement, is worth all the 68 . It is the most 69 a nation can have. The world is changing. New powers are emerging. But this does not diminish the need for that American ideal. It reaffirms it, renews it, and gives it added relevance. There is always one, more prosaic, test of a nation’s position: Are people trying to get into it, or to get out of it? I think we know the answer to that in America’s case, and that ideal is the 70 .[C] conjecture [D] conception52. [A] shapes and sizes [B] paths and directions[C] groups and organizations [D] parties and institutions53. [A] indicators [B] signposts[C] products [D] outcomes54. [A] dumb [B] incompetent[C] sentient [D] dysfunctional55. [A] decision [B] choice[C] selection [D] analysis56. [A] inner [B] political[C] true [D] conflicting57. [A] supreme [B] professional[C] specific [D] occupational58. [A] all that [B] anything but what[C] all but that [D] nothing except59. [A] an adventurism [B] a pioneering spirit[C] a national pride [D] a nobility60. [A] basis [B] trend[C] structure [D] stock61. [A] environment [B] atmosphere[C] climax [D] circumstances62. [A] a series of [B] a myriad of[C] a chain of [D] the sequence of63. [A] conviction [B] upbringing[C] community [D] hierarchy64. [A] second tier [B] second place[C] second placement [D] subordinate tier65. [A] feet [B] knees[C] back [D] backbone66. [A] raised [B] hoisted[C] risen [D] played67. [A] any more [B] any less[C] much more [D] much less68. [A] fighting [B] striving[C] competition [D] maneuver69. [A] precious gift [B] daunting challenge[C] valuable property [D] formidable endeavor70. [A] justification [B] rationalization[C] reason [D] point of departureSection C: Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages carefully and decide on the best one from the four choices to answer the questions and write the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.Passage 1National character is not formally considered by social scientists in discussing economic and social development today. They believe that people differ and that these differences should be taken into account somehow, but they have as yet discovered no way to include such variables in their formal models of economic and social development. The difficulty lies in the nature of the data that supposedly define different national characters. Anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms that exist in a complex modern nation-state composed of many disparate groups. The situation is further complicated by the nature of judgments about character; since such judgment are overly dependent on impressions and since, furthermore, impressions are usually stated in qualitative terms, it is impossible to make a reliable comparison between the national characters of two countries.71. The author’s main point in the passage is that national character[A] is too elusive to merit attention by anthropologists and other social scientists.[B] is of greater interest to social scientists today than it has been in the past.[C] is still too difficult to describe with the precision required by many social scientists.[D] can be described more accurately by anthropologists than by other social scientists.72. Given the information in the passage, which of the following is NOT true of modernnation-states?[A] They are complex.[B] They are heterogeneous.[C] They differ from one another in terms of national character.[D] They lack cultural norms.73. It can be inferred from the passage that the social scientists mentioned in lines 1-5 wouldagree with which of the following statements?I. It is extremely difficult to create models that account for both economic and socialdevelopment.II. Models of economic and social development would be improved by the inclusion of adequate description of national character.III. It is important to supplement formal models of economic and social development with qualitative impressions of national character.[A] I only[B] II only[C] I and III only[D] II and III only74. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?[A] A problem is presented and reasons for its existence are supplied.[B] A controversial view is presented and evidence for its validity is supplied.[C] A hypothesis is presented and possible means of verifying it are suggested.[D] A recent development is described and then analyzed.Passage 2The 1960s witnessed two profound social movements: the civil rights movement and the movement protesting the war in Vietnam. Although they overlapped in time, they were largely distinct. For a brief moment in 1967, however, it appeared that the two movements might unite under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. King’s role in the antiwar movement appears to require little explanation, since he was the foremost advocate of nonviolence of his time. But King’s stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained interms of pacifism alone. After all, he was something of a latecomer to the antiwarmovement, even though by 1965 he was convinced that the role of the United States in the war was indefensible. Why then the two years that passed before he translated his privatemisgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from thefederal government.75. The author supports the claim that “King’s stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone” by implying which of the following?[A] There is little evidence that King was ever a student of pacifist doctrine.[B] King, despite pacifist sympathies, was not convinced that the policy of the federalgovernment in Vietnam was wrong.[C] King’s belief in nonviolence was formulated in terms of domestic policy rather than interms of international issues.[D] Had King’s actions been based on pacifism alone, he would have joined the antiwarmovement earlier than he actually did.76. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the movement opposingthe war in Vietnam?[A] It preceded the civil rights movement.[B] It drew support from most civil rights leaders.[C] It was supported by many who otherwise opposed public dissent.[D] It was well underway by 1967.77. Which of the following best describes the passage?[A] It outlines a sequence of historical events.[B] It shows why a commonly held view is inaccurate.[C] It discusses an apparent inconsistency and suggests a reason for it.[D] It evaluates an explanation and finally accepts that explanation.Passage 3Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is hisinsistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. The appropriateness of such an approach may seem self-evident for a tradition commencing with spirituals and owing its early forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and evangelical fervor to Wesleyan hymnals. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field.It is Wagner who first demonstrated the essential fusion of racial and religious feeling in Afro-American poetry. The two, he argued, form a symbiotic union in which religiousfeelings are often applied to racial issues and racial problems are often projected onto a metaphysical plane. Wagner found this most eloquently illustrated in the Black spirituals, where the desire for freedom in this world and the hope for salvation in the next are inextricably intertwined.78. The primary purpose of the passage is to[A] contrast the theories of Jean Wagner with those of other contemporary critics.[B] document the influence of Jean Wagner on the development of Afro-American poetry.[C] indicate the importance of Jean Wagner’s analysis of Afro-American poetry.[D] explain the relevance of Jean Wagner’s work to the study of Afro-American religion.79. All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in the passage as having been influenced by Wesleyan hymnals EXCEPT[A] subject matter[B] word choice[C] rhythm[D] structure80. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Wagner, most students of Afro-American poetry did which of the following?[A] Contributed appreciably to the transfer of political protest fromAfro-American poetry to direct political action.[B] Ignored at least some of the historical roots of Afro-American poetry.[C] Analyzed fully the aspects of social protests to be found in such traditional forms ofAfro-American poetry as the Black spiritual.[D] Regarded as unimportant the development of fervent emotionalism in a portion of Afro-American poetry.Passage 4A plan to create a new Pentagon cybercommand is raising significant privacy and diplomatic concerns, as the Obama Administration moves ahead on efforts to protect the nation from cyberattack and to prepare for possible offensive operations against adversaries’ computer networks.President Obama has said that the new cyberdefense strategy he unveiled last month will provide protections for personal privacy and civil liberties. But senior Pentagon and military officials say that Mr. Obama’s assurances may be challenging to guarantee in practice, particularly in trying to monitor the thousands of daily attacks on security systems in the United States that have set off a race to develop better cyberweapons.Much of the new military command’s work is expected to be carried out by the National Security Agency, whose role in intercepting the domestic end of international calls and e-mail messages after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, under secret order issued by the Bush Administration, has already generated intense controversy.There is simply no way, the officials say, to effectively conduct computer operations without entering networks inside the United States, where the military is prohibited from operating, or traveling electronic paths through countries that are not themselves American targets.The cybersecurity effort, Mr. Obama said at the White House last month, “will not—I repeat, will not—include monitoring private sector networks or Internet traffic.”But foreign adversaries often mount their attacks through computer network hubs inside the United States, and military officials and outside experts say that threat confronts the Pentagon and the administration with difficult questions.The government is in a quandary,” said Maren Leed, a defense expert at the bipartisan Center for Strategic and International Studies who was a Pentagon special assistant on cyberoperations from 2005 to 2008.Ms. Leed said a broad debate was needed “about what constitutes an intrusion that violates privacy and, at the other extreme, what is an intrusion that may be acceptable in the face of an act of war.”Unlike the missile attack, which would show up on the Pentagon’s screens long before reaching American territory, a cyberattack may be visible only after it has been launched in the United States.How do you understand sovereignty in the cyberdomain?” General Cartwright asked. It doesn’t tend to pay a lot of attention to geographic boundaries.”For example, the daily attacks on the Pentagon’s own computer systems, or probes sent from Russia and Eastern Europe seeking chinks in the computer systems of corporations and financial institutions, are rarely seen before their effect is felt inside the United States.Some administration officials have begun to discuss whether laws or regulations must be changed to allow law enforcement, the military or intelligence agencies greater access to networks or Internet providers when significant evidence of a national security threat was found.Ms. Leed said that while the Defense Department and related intelligence agencies were the only organizations that had the ability to protect against such cyberattacks, “they are not the best suited, from a civil liberties perspective, to take on that responsibility.”The complications are not limited to privacy concerns. The Pentagon is increasingly worried about the diplomatic ramifications of being forced to use the computer networks of many other nations while carrying out digital missions—the computer equivalent of the Vietnam War’s spilling over the Cambodian border in the 1960s. To battle Russian hackers, for example, it might be necessary to act through the virtual cyberterritory of Britain or Germany or any country where the attack was routed.Frida Berrigan, a longtime peace activist who is a senior program associate at the New America Foundation’s arms and security initiative, expressed concerns about whether the Obama Administration would be able to balance its promise to respect privacy in cyberspace。
2009年专业水平考试广外英专考研外国语言学和应用语言学真题
2009年广东外语外贸大学硕士研究生入学考试初试笔试样题科目代码：601科目名称：英语专业水平考试英语专业水平考试试题I.Cloze (30 points, 1 point for each)Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the Word List to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the words you choose for each blank on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way: ExampleI. Cloze1. paper2. continuously3. …Now, do the Cloze.WORD LISTMost of Mark Twain‘s books bubbled out 1 him like water out of a fountain.2 of his gifts was the capacity to take a scene and fill it3 every sparkling detail of nature and of human action, to put in every spoken word and accompanying gesture, and to slowly exaggerate the successive moments4 the whole episode reached a climax of joyous, sidesplitting laughter.5 he had trouble weaving his incidents into meaningful plot patterns. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Mark Twain‘s masterpiece, came into __6 slowly.7 in 1876, immediately after he had dashed off The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he wrote 400 manuscript pages quickly and8 stalled; in disgust he meditated9 the work. __10 the winterof 1879-1880 he penned further sections; again the spark of enthusiasm died. __11 taking a journey down the Mississippi River in April, 1882, he quickly completed Lift on the Mississippi(1883) and with unabated zest 12 the novel. The trip had reawakened his boyhood memories and suggested new episodes; the two books became 13 , the weaker travel account serving as scaffolding for the great edifice. __14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was 15 in 1884, it met a mixed reception. A Brooklyn lady protested 16 its presence in the children‘s room of the public library; the librarian reshelved the volume in the adult area to 17 Huck‘s and Tom‘s ―mischievous and deceitful practices which made them poor examples for youth.‖ Today the novel is among the world‘s 18 and vies with Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter(1850) for the position of American‘s _19 artistic work of fiction.The reader is reminded at the outset that in 1850 Huck Finn had been a playmate of Tom Sawyer in St. Petersburg, Missouri, the 20 name of Mark Twain‘s native village of Hannibal. For three months Huck had lived with the lady 21 life he had saved, the Widow Douglas, ―fair, smart, and forty‖; her hill mansion was ―the only palace in the town, and the most hospitable and much the most lavish in the matter of festivities‖ that the town could boast. The lad 22 had run away from elegance was again a candidate for the major role in a rags-to-riches tale. Huck wanted it otherwise. Like Tom, whose name turns up throughout the __23 . Huck wanted adventure. For six months Huck endured starched clothes and virtual imprisonment within the mansion. When Pap returned on April 1 and took Huck 24 from the Widow, Huck came to prefer his slovenly island home. 25 against Pap‘s cruelty led Huck to plan his own ―murder‖ and to decamp about two months later. He discovered Jim 26 June 4 and started the rafting trip down the river on June 22. On July 7 he reached the Grangerfords and stayed __27 about a month. On August 10 the Duke and Dauphin came 28 the raft; their shenanigans ended at Pikeville on September 18. The 29 at Aunt Sally‘s laste d twenty-six days, until October 15. Then Huck decided to light out for Indian Territory and forever depart from a ―civilization‖ that he30 .II. Proofreading and Error Correction (30 points, 2 points for each) The following passage contains fifteen errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:For a wrong word, write the correct one on Your Answer Sheet.For a missing word, write the missing word with a ― ‖ sign before it on Your AnswerSheet.For an unnecessary word, write the unnecessary word with a deleting line on it on YourAnswer Sheet.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, it 31. _____never buys things in finished form and hangs 32. _____them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 33. _____Write on your Answer Sheet:II. Proofreading and Error Correction31. ∧an 32. never 33. exhibitNow, do the Proofreading and Error Correction.Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in theworld average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, [31] ___ ecologists have turned to historical datum in relation to [32] ___ especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes affect weather changes that are similar to air pollution. [33]___ One source of informations is the effect of the eruption [34]__ of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, inApril 1815. The largest recorded volcano eruption, Tambora [35]___ threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. Theash from a volcano spreads around worldwide in a few days [36] ___ or remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming [37] ___ solar radiation into the space and thus cool the earth. For [38]___ example, records of weather in England shows that between [39] ___ April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen4.5︒ F. During the next twenty-four months, England sufferedone of the coldest periods of their history. Farmers‘ records [40]___ from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughoutthe spring and summer and sharp decreases at crop and [41]___ livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realizes the [42]___ cause.Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. Theever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as those [43]___ of Mt. St. Helens in Washington, added man‘s pollution of [44]___ the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather. [45]___ III. Gap-filling (30points, 2 points for each)Fill in the following banks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according the meanings of the sentences. Write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:Example46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the __________ of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience.Write on your Answer Sheet:III. Gap-filling46. postponement 47. … 48. …Now, do the Gap-filling.46. affect, influence, effect, impactWe have tried our best to ________ a reconciliation between the two parties.47. attain, acquire, obtain, gain, secure, procureChrysler, including sales of newly ________ American Motors, delivered 1.01 million cars, down 17.7 percent and amounting to 9.6 percent of the market.48. ensure, assure, guaranteeThe Labor Department issued guidelines to_________ equal job opportunities for women on work paid for by federal funds.49. ability, capability, competence, capacity, aptitudeResearchers using the new measuring technique found the skull to have a ________ of only about 515 cubic centimeters (about 31 cubic inches).50. take part in, attend, participate in, enter for, joinTo the amazement of the organizing committee, so many professional singers ________ the singing competition to be held next month.51. insist on, persist in, stick/adhere to, persevere inDue to the bankruptcy of the company, they failed to ________ the original agreement.52. stable, secure, steady, firm, durablePolitical ________ and wars in many sub-Saharan countries have also contributedto poverty. As a result of such factors, the number of people living in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa grew from 217 million in 1987 to more than 300 million in 1998.53. manager, director, headmaster, proprietor, governorAs one of the four ________ of the company, he often had to attend Board meetings.54. permit, allow, approve, accept, consent, endorseEligible paper, as defined in 1951, is a negotiable note, draft, or bill bearing the ________ of the member bank, the proceeds of which have been or are to be used in producing, purchasing, carrying, or marketing goods in one or more steps of the process of production, manufacture, or distribution55. income, wages, dividend, salary, earnings, pensionNow that he has retired, he lived partly on his ________ and partly on the interest on his post office savings account.56. complain, grieve, reclaim, grumbleThe peasants‘ many ________ resulting from ill-treatment by their landlords led finally to rebellion.57. renew, renovate, refresh, recreateHe had been completely exhausted but felt considerably ________ after a meal and a good rest.58. view, scene, scenery, sight, natureSwitzerland is well-known for its impressive mountainous ________.59. nevertheless, accordingly, however, yet, eventuallyHe has impressed his employer considerably and ________ he is soon to be promoted.60. gap, pause, space, interruption, intervalDuring the ________, the audience strolled and chatted in the foyer.IV. Reading Comprehension （60 points, 2 points for each）In this section, there are six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET.ExampleWrite on your Answer Sheet:IV. Reading Comprehension61. A 62. B 63. …Now, do the Reading Comprehension.Text ATommy Albelin, a Devils defenseman, was the team‘s most effective performer the night the Stanley Cup champions played their best game of the young season. Playing left wing instead of defense against the Detroit Red Wings last Thursday night, Albelin scored the second goal of the game and made the pass that set up the fourth one.Albelin played so well in the 4-2 victory that Coach Jacques Lemaire said, ―Tommy, you lost your job.‖―I was kind of surprised,‖ Albelin said today. ―When he saw the look on my face, he said very quickly ‗as a defenseman‘ and I knew then he was joking.‖Lemaire had Albelin right back on defense in the next game, last Saturday‘s 4-1 triumph over the Ottawa Senators. Albelin responded just as well, making the pass for the winning goal.With Brian Rolston leaving today‘s practice because of a foot problem and ready to join Bobby Holik and Bob Carpenter as injured Devils, look for Albelin to return to left wing when New Jersey plays the Vancouver Canucks Wednesday night at the Meadowlands.This season, the 31-year-old Albelin has played left wing three times and defenseman four. In addition, because Albelin is so adept at skating and puck-handling, Lemaire has been using him for penalty killing and the power play.―It‘s a big advantage to have a player like him,‖ Lemaire said after today‘s practice. ―When you don‘t have the necessary player to play against a player, you can use Abbey because he adjusts very well. He listens to all the things I tell the defensemen and all the things I tell the forwards. ―Lemaire‘s decision to shuttle Albelin is not prompted by a desire to find the best position for him. Rather, it is testimony to Albelin‘s versatility.Albelin was used as a left wing for the first time by Herb Brooks, the man whom Lemaire replaced after Brooks resigned three summers ago, but he played only a handful of games in that position.The Devils changed coaches frequently in Albelin‘s early years with the team. As a result, Albelin contemplated returning home to Sweden several times. But he said today he was glad he never did.Albelin came to the Devils from Quebec in 1988 and has been a solid player. Year after year, despite coaching changes, injuries and the presence of marquee names like Scott Stevens, Slava Fetisov, Stephane Richer and Claude Lemeiux, Albelin‘s dedication and consummate professionalism have made him an integral part of theteam.―My philosophy has always been to play where the team needs me,‖ Albelin said. ―I don‘t question the decisions by the coaches. As long as I‘m out there on the ice, I don‘t care what position I play.‖Albelin has performed effectively at wing and on defense despite the different responsibilities. Judging by the way Albelin described them, it is clear he prefers to play defense.―There are a lot of adjustments you have to make as a forward,‖ Albelin said, ―You have to be a little more creative, do more things with the puck. Improvise somewhat, but to a point. As a defenseman, you can get by most of the time by giving the puck to your forwards and support the play.‖Albelin said today that the uncertainty over whether he will play defense or offense on any given night was not much of a concern in terms of preparing himself.―I don‘t mind as long as I know before the warm-ups,‖ he said.61. Tommy Albelin is _______ defenseman.A. Red WingsB. CanucksC. DevilsD. Brooks62. Albelin has played defenseman _______ this season.A. three timesB. four timesC. two timesD. five times63. Coach Lemaire shuttles Albelin because he _______.A. is versatileB. is a solid playerC. is very dedicatedD. is docile64. The Devils changed coaches frequently ________.A. in the late 1980sB. in Albelin‘s years with th e teamC. as many of them resignedD. during Albelin‘s stay in the team65. Albelin prefers to play _________.A. forwardB. left wingC. defenseD. offense66. Among the following titles, ________ is suitable for the article.A. The Defenseman Albelin in Red WingsB. The Best Player in DevilsC. The Versatile Albelin in CanucksD. Versatile Albelin Brings Devil VictoriesText BThe effect of any writing on the public mind is mathematically measurable by its depth of thought. How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence, then the effect is to be wide, slow, permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not, they will die like flies in the hour. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is, to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidney‘s maxim: —―Look in thy heart, and write.‖ He that wr ites to himself writes to an eternal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered all its praise, and half the people say, ―What poetry! What genius!‖ it still needs fuel to make fire. That only profits which is profitable. Life alone can impart life; and though we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable. There is no luck in literary reputation. They who make up the final verdict upon every book are not the partial and noisy readers of the hour when it appears; but a court as of angels, a public not to be bribed, not to be entreated, and not to be overawed, decides upon every man‘s title to fame. Only those books come down which deserve to last. Gilt edges, vellum, and morocco, and presentation-copies to all the libraries, will not preserve a book in circulation beyond its intrinsic date. It must go with all Walpole‘s Noble and Royal Authors to its fate. Blackmore, Kotzebue, or Pollok may endure for a night, but Moses and Homer stand forever. There are not in the world at any one time more than a dozen persons who read and understand Plato: — never enough to pay for an edition of his works; yet to every generation these come duly down, for the sake of those few persons, as if God brought them in his hand. ―No book,‖ said Bentley, ―was ever written down by any but itself.‖ The permanence of all books is fixed by no effort friendly or hostile, but by their own specific gravity, or the intrinsic importance of their contents to the constant mind of man. ―Do not trouble yourself too much about th e light on your statue,‖ said Michelangelo to the young sculptor; ―the light of the public square will test its value.‖In like manner the effect of every action is measured by the depth of the sentiment from which it proceeds. The great man knew not that he was great. It took a century or two for that fact to appear. What he did, he did because he must; it was the most natural thing in the world, and grew out of the circumstances of the moment. But now, every thing he did, even to the lifting of his finger or the eating of bread, lookslarge, all-related, and is called an institution.67. T he following statements are wrong EXCEPT _________.A. Only the thing that is profitable profits.B. If the pages do not instruct you, they will not die like flies in the hour.C. Only the statement, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy yourreader‘s curiosity, is fit to be made public.D. He that writes by himself writes to an eternal public.68.―How much water does it draw?‖ means__________.A. How much content does it have?B. How much influence does it exert?C. How much value does it have?D. How important is it?69. A writer‘s fame is decided upon by __________.A. partial and noisy readersB. a court of angelsC. an angel-like public not to be bribedD. a public to be bribed70. At any time in the world Plato‘s work are read and understood by__________.A. less than a dozen personsB. more than a dozen personsC. many peopleD. no one71. The permanence of all books is fixed by__________.A. no effortB. friendly effortC. hostile effortD. their own specific gravityText CPsychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects. The two experiments reviewed here show how short-term memory has been studied.Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was a light in each door. First the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunters did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. The rat had to wait different intervals before it was released from the cage. Hunter found that if the rat had to wait more than ten seconds, it could not remember the correct door. Hunter‘s results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 students at the University of California in Los Angeles. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Some of them had four unrelated choices. For instance, weather, method, love, result could be used as four unrelated words. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning‘s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their shot-term memory.72. In hunter‘s experiment, the rat had to remember_________.A. where the food wasB. how to leave the cageC. how big the cage wasD. which light was turned on73. Hunter found that rats_________.A. can remember only where their food isB. cannot learn to go to the correct doorC. have no short-term memoryD. have a short-term memory of one-sixth a minute74. Henning tested the students‘ memory of _________.A. words copied several timesB. words explainedC. words heardD. words seen75. Henning concluded that beginning and advanced students________.A. have no difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryB. differ in the way they retain wordsC. have much difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryD. hold words in their short-term memory in the same way76. The following statements are wrong EXCEPT_________.A. The rat could find the correct door when the light of the next door was turned offB. The rat could find the correct door to get the food whenever it was released fromits cageC. Each of the three doors had a light that was turned onD. The rat could remember where to find the food if it waited for less than tensecondsText DA Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker‘s ―mental age‖, as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to derive a number that he called the ―intelligence quotient‖, or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinage that has had a greater impact on the way people think about themselves and others.No country embraced the IQ –and the application of IQ testing to restructure society – more thoroughly than the U.S. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant of Binet‘s original test, the Standford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purpose Binet intended. He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, and that is still one of its leading uses.But the broader and more controversial use of IQ testing has its roots in a theory of intelligence – part science, part sociology – that developed in the late 19th century, before Binet‘s work and entirely separate from it. Championed first by Charles Darwin‘s cousin Francis Galton, it held that intelligence was the most valuable human attribute, and that if people who had a lot of it could be identified and put in leadership positions, all of society would benefit.Terman believed IQ tests should be used to conduct a great sorting out of the population, so that young people would be assigned on the basis of their scores to particular levels in the school system, which would lead to corresponding socioeconomic destinations in adult life. The beginning of the IQ-testing movement overlapped with the eugenics movement –hugely popular in America and Europe among the ―better sort‖ before Hitler gave it a bad name – which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people-deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing. The state sterilization that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes notoriously endorsed in a 1927 Supreme Court decision was done with an IQ score as justification.The American IQ promoters scored a great coup during World War I when they persuaded the Army to give IQ tests to 1.7 million inductees. It was the world‘s first mass administration of an intelligence test, and many of the standardized tests in use today can be traced back to it: the now ubiquitous and obsessed-over SAT (Study Ability Test); the Wechler, taken by several million people a year, according to its publisher; and Terman‘s own National Intelligence Test, originally used in trac king elementary school children. All these tests took from the Army the basic technique of measuring intelligence mainly by asking vocabulary questions (synonyms, antonyms, analogies, reading comprehension).77. According to Terman‘s theory, a twelve-year-old boy‘s mental age is 10, then hisIQ number is about __________.A. 0.8B. 0.9C. 1.0D. 1.278. IQ test is originally used to ___________.A. find out the students who need extra help in learningB. assign young people to different majorsC. select the acceptable recruits for armyD. select the leaders for society79. The viewpoint that intelligence was mostly inherited and people deficient inintelligence should be discouraged from reproducing was held by ___________.A.IQ-testing movementB. Eugenic movementC.HitlerD.both IQ-testing and Eugenic movements80. What does the author probably mean by ―scored a great coup‖ (see Para. 5)?A. FailedB. SucceededC. CriticizedD. AdvocatedText EHistorical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.In the future, there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.The globalization of the world‘s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force.In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a ―don‘t think, do what you are told‖ to a ―think, I am notgoing to tell you what to do‖ style of management.This shift is occurring not because today‘s managers are more enlightened than yesterday‘s managers bu t because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behaviour.In the word of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They don‘t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don‘t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.Today‘s CEOs are those who solved the central problems facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrow‘s CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving today‘s and tomorrow‘s problems and because they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrow‘s captains of business.81. The author suggests that a manger should hold a _________ view onmanagement.A. economicalB. geographicalC. internationalD. financial82. Speaking of the problems of training and motivating labourers, the author impliesthat __________.A. labourers should keep up with the rapid development of modern technology.B. labourers pay more attention to wages.C. labourers want to advance themselvesD. there is a radical change in management style.83. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Globalization and demography lead to the differences between the workforces of the last century and those of the next century.B. At present, white males make up only a small proportion of work forces inAmerican firms.C. In the next century, women and minorities will become the major part ofwork forces in the United States.D. The need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously will callfor a work force with much higher levels of education and skills.84. By the first sentence of Paragraph 7, the author means that __________.A. managers should master modern technologyB. managers should have access to technological knowledgeC. managers should focus on functional tasksD. managers should cooperate with technicians85. The main topic of this passage is __________.。
2019年东北大学外国语言学与应用语言学英美文学真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年东北大学外国语言学与应用语言学英美文学真题回忆
语言学
名词解释五个×3
image schemas
semantic triangle
open and closed class word
register
第五个忘了要记得看真题这些历年都考过一定要重视真题
简答2×10
1. cohesion and coherence
2. difference between metaphor and metonymy
大题
1.一个句子Communicating of ideas is not…words end of language, …supposed. comment
2.Chomsky 说corpus linguistic 浪费时间comment
一个17分一个18分
英国文学
1.名词解释4×2
aesthetism
Thomas Hardy
2.简答
Wordsworth The solitary Reaper 主题形式
3.20分大题the remains of the day 没有听说过Nobel Prize 百度说是石黑一雄的长日留痕
美国文学
1.名词解释
A Streetcar of Desire不认识
imagism
诗歌是whitman A Noiseless Patient Spider只沉默而耐心的蜘蛛比较的两个事物修辞手法主题
简答The Great Gratsby 为什么伟大结合情节分析。
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英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业参考样题(综合知识)时间:2012-06-27 21:31 责编:admin 点击: 1075次考试科目：英语专业综合知识适用专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究、现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）Part One European and American Cultures (50 points)1.Explain any THREE out of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 WORDS each: (15 points)1William the Conqueror2Homer3The War of Roses4Martin Luther5The melting pot1.Fill in the blanks in the following to complete the idea: (10 points) 1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _____________________ .2. Thanksgiving Day falls on _______, on which Americans give thanks for _ _.1.The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _____________; the executive government is ___________.4. The “Age of Drama” in ancient Greece is said to be represented by three dramatic poets, they are__________________, ____________________, and ___________________.5. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the __________________ and the__________________.6. The word “Renaissance” means _______________, it generally refers to the period in Western civilization between the ____________ and mid _______________century.7. In the early 1930s, ___________________ brought poverty and humiliation to millions of people in the United States and Europe. 8. The American War of Independence began in _____________ and ended in _________.9. The United States government form is based on the three main principles: Federalism, ___________________________________and ________________________________.10. Henrik Ibsen was born in ________________, as the Father of Modern Drama he was famous for his “ __________ plays.”III. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (25 points)1. Americans have usually believed that government should play a limitedrole in society. What are some of the reasons for this belief? (8 points) What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in artand literature during the Italian Renaissance? (9 points)3. Why was the sixteenth century so important to English history? (8 points)Part II British and American Literature (50points)I. Explain any THREE of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each: (15 points)1. Geoffrey Chaucer2. The Romantic Period in English literature3. Henry James4. American naturalism5. Washington IrvingII. Multiple Choice: ( 15 points )Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write down your answer on the answer sheet.1. Which of the following is NOT directly related to Humanism during the Renaissance period?[A] to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.[B] to regard human beings as creatures capable of development in the direction of perfection.[C] to prepare people’s souls for a future life in heaven.[D] to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient Greek and Roman authors.2. Beowulf, a typical example of __________, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.[A] modern drama [B] medieval drama[C] modern poetry [D] Old English poetry3. John Milton wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.[A] Samson Agonistes [B] Paradise Regained[C] Lycidas [D] The Pilgrim’s Progress4.The following statements about the Victorian age are all true EXCEPT_________.[A] New inventions and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology shook people’s religious convictions.[B] England became the workshop of the world as well as its financial and political center.[C] During this period, Britain’s colonial territory became smaller and smaller.[D] The Victorian age witnessed the rise of novels as a dominant literarygenre.5. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?[A] The modernist writers find in symbol a means to express their inexpressible selves.[B] Its major concern is the external, objective, material world.[C] In modernist writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.[D] It advocates a free experimentation in new forms and new techniques in literary creation.6. Which one of the following writers belongs to the Theatre of the Absurd?[A] Samuel Beckett [B] T. S. Eliot[C] John Osborne [D] W. H. Auden7. Many American romantic writings in the 19th century have the following features EXCEPT ______.[A] a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature[B] a strong tendency to exalt the individual[C] a lack of interest in external nature[D] the use of the more colorful aspects of the past8. _______ is the author of “Song of Myself”.[A] Henry Thoreau [B] Washington Irving[C] Walt Whitman [D] Emily Dickinson9. Which ONE of the following is a typical feature of the literary scene of the Realistic Period in the American literary history?[A] The Americans began to be interested in the sentimental feelings of Romanticism[B] A new generation of writers aimed at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life[C] Most writers stick to the Gothic tradition[D] Writers who described the Indians of the Far West began to gain the favor of the reading public.10. _________ is the leading spokesman of transcendentalism in the history of American literature.[A] Nathaniel Hawthorn [B] Edgar Allan Poe[C] Ralph Emerson [D] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow10. Which ONE of the following is not a naturalistic writer?[A] Stephen Crane [B] William Dean Howells[C] Frank Norris [D] Theodore DreiserII. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (20 points)6Please tell things you know about Shakespeare’s great tragedy Hamlet.7Please make a statement about the contributions of Mark Twain to American literature.Part III Linguistics (50 points) 8State, in ONE SENTENCE for each item, what you understand about the following terms: (10 points)1. displacement as a design feature of language2. the informative function of language3. language competence4. oral stop5. voiceless sound2Use the tree diagram to illustrate the relationship among the following terms: (10 points)morpheme affix root free root bound root inflectional affix derivational affix prefix suffixIII. Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes: (10 points)tangible usual logical thinkable sensible removable mobile legal rational humanIV. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each:(10 points)9What is the difference between morpheme and word?10Can you list with examples some basic word formation processes?V. Use IC analysis to explain the following expressions: (10 points)11They can fish here.12a fat mayor’s wife13more expensive clothes。