阅读理解细节题解题指导

阅读理解细节题解题指导

[庖丁解牛]

细节题即客观事实题，在考试中所占比例最大，目的是考查学生对重要事实和细节的辨认与记忆能力。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到；二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。

事实或细节是文章中用来论证或说明主题的依据。这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握了作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节，对文章的理解是否全面，是否透彻。这类问题不掺杂主观内容而是针对文章的某个具体细节如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。细节题主要对文中具体事实和细节(facts and details)进行提问。有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题(true or false)，考查我们的辨别和排除能力。

基本特点：每篇阅读理解中都有要求找出事实与特定细节的问题，但选项的表达（1）一般都不采用语篇中的原话，而是使用意思相同的词语。（2）有时选择项会原封不动地使用文章中语句的某一部分，但可能由于语境不同，或修辞不同而产生不同含义，常使应试者理解错误。（3）做细节事实题时，应先弄懂题目，然后在相关的信息处寻找选择或排除依据，得出答案。

Example (1)

Westerners have a habit of giving tips in their daily lives, especially when they are receiving services from other people. For instance, Canadians and Americans usually tip in laces like restaurants, airports ect. There are two main reasons for this behaviour. Firstly, many people who work in these places get low salaries, and tips can help them support their lives.

Secondly, a tip also shows that the customer is pleased with the service, which is encouraged by the western cultures and customers.

Question:

In the countries mentioned, people give tips usually to ______.

A. express their satisfaction

B. show their support

C. encourage better service

D. show off

Analyze：文中划线句子的意思是“在西方的文化和消费者中流行给小费，（给）小费表达了顾客对服务满意。”根据这句话，题干设置为“在上文提到的国家，人们给小费通常是要（做什么）。”结合划线句子的意思，大家能很快得出答案A(表达他们的满意)。

Example (2)

The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force, because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.

Question:

The opponents of examination system will agree that ______.

A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C. special classes are necessary to keep the school standards

D. schools with academic subjects should be done away

Analyze:划线部分句子的意思是“所有的工作或岗位都应无系统地选择分配。”而题干的意思是“考试制度的反对者会同意（什么）”。分析四个选项，A项讲到“工作不应该系统分配选择”；B项提到“计算机应该用来替代许多工作岗位”；C项为“为了保持学校的标准，特殊班有存在的必要”；D项为“拥有学术科目的学校应废除”。由此可知，答案应为A.

[小试牛刀]

I. 段落练习

Exercise 1

Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.

Question:

What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?

A. They are students from the same university.

B. They failed in all the examinations.

C. They both had experiences of test anxiety.

D. They both had the same poor studying habits.

Exercise 2

I used to think education was the most important thing in my life. Recently my attitude has begun to change, although I still hold that it is essential for everyone in the world today. As a top junior student in my college, I was asked to make a speech on how to learn English well. Standing in front of the audience and facing so many freshmen, I was trembling. I didn't remember any word that I had prepared. I van out of the conference room without finishing my speech, leaving everyone puzzled. I cried that night in my room, feeling that I was a loser. Studying takes up so much of my time that I feel unable to really develop myself. I am just storing knowledge, which I can't communicate with others. I have received many awards in school, but they don't necessarily reflect anything about me. I don't know how to socialize. When I leave school 1 fear I will be of no use to society.

Question:

The author feels fearful that she will be of no use to society mainly because .

A. she is unable to develop herself

B. studying takes too much of her time

C. she does not know how to communicate with others

D. she feels that she is a failure

Exercise 3

However, the best way to see New Y ork is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place