最新江苏高中英语任务型阅读二-5篇(附答案)

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇
一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.
Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.
To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.
The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't.
The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% —until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death.
The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.
Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well-controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.
Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.
Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.
二．Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·南通高三二调)
Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose?
In what kinds of situations are you most effective? What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation? People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.
Motivational focus affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion-focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion-focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion-focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.
The promotion­focused are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think-outside-the-box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.
Prevention-focused people, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem-solving skills. While the promotion-minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention-minded to tell the difference between the two.
Studies show that prevention-focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.
Although everyone is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.
三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.
Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.
Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.
What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.
So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now.
Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very best chance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”，and so on.
Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.
四．Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.
Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”，who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always
ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep popular with international students.
(2014·宿迁高三摸底)
Back to School: Why Grit (毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It's a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn't end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children's grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don't think about enough is how to help our children build their character — how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S. A．T. scores or I. Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children's school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you're concerned only with a child's G. P. A. , then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real
failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles，”the researchers assumed, “could teach e ffective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure — when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they're good at — we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don't know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas(8)unclear/vague/ambiguous(9)different(10)understanding
二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning(5)creative (6)carelessly/imperfectly (7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing(10)poor/weak
三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes(3)appreciating(4)example(5)Forget/Ignore
(6)try/do(7)colleagues/others(8)devote(9)patient(10)succeed
四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost(6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s) (8)Measures(9)improving/bettering (10)Conclusion
五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research(5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep (6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage(10)failure(s)。