英语语法：简单句和并列句的用法总结

中考语法：简单句和并列句的用法总结
简单句，并列句
Simple Sentence & Compound Sentence I本章要点
1.简单句的否定形式。

2.简单句的特殊疑问句形式。

3.简单句的否定疑问句形式。

4.简单句的反义疑问句形式。

5.简单句中的祈使句。

6.简单句中的感叹句。

7.并列句的常见考点分析。

II简单句语法点分述
定义
由一套主谓结构构成的句子叫简单句。

简单句分为4类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。

一、简单句的否定形式
1.全部否定：neither, neither…nor, no ne, nothing, nobody, no one
a.两者之间用neither of, neither…nor
他们两人没人懂英语。

玛丽和约翰都不住在这里。

b.三者及以上用none of, nothing, nobody, no one
这些答案没有一个是对的。

没有人同意你所说的。

2.部分否定：both, all, many, every…not
他们两人不都去开会。

闪光的未必都是金子。

All that glitters is not gold.
3.使用否定副词表示否定，否定副词有：rarely, hardly, nearly, few, little, seldom, scarcely, never
我从来都不喜欢看《生活大爆炸》。

他几乎不会说英语。

4.否定转移，常常与believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think连用
我们相信他做不到。

We that he do it.（详见宾语从句中相关语法解析）
二、简单句的特殊疑问句形式
1.who, whose为句首作主语，本身已经是陈述句语序了。

Who is in the classroom?
Whose father works in Beijing?
2.含有插入语的特殊疑问句的结构。

特殊疑问词+do you think/do you suppose/do you say+陈述句
When do you think he will come? （他会来）
你刚提到他是做什么工作的？
三、简单句的否定疑问句形式
回答永远是以事实为依据，肯定yes, 否定no
她不是个医生吗？
不，她是。

四、简单句的反义疑问句形式
1.回答原则：和否定疑问句一样，根据事实回答。

You are a boy, aren't you?
Yes, I am. _____________________________
No, I am not. _____________________________
2.提问原则：前肯后否、前否后肯。

Your mom hates Rock and Roll music, ________ ________?
3.含有have的动词反义疑问
a.have的反义疑问用法
解释为“有”时，反义疑问中用have/do的各类形式都可以
You have a car, ________ ________?
解释为“非有”，例如吃饭，喝水，遭受到，那必须用do/did等形式
She had her watch stolen, ________ ________?
b.had better的反义疑问用法
You had better take off your shoes, ________ ________?
4.There be句型的反义疑问用法
There won’t be any trouble, ________ ________?
ed to的反义疑问句
He used to live in London, ________ ________? （英式）
He used to live in LA, ________ ________? （美式）
6.never, hardly, seldom, few, little在句中出现表达的是否定含义，反义疑问要用肯定形式
He has few buddies on QQ, ________ ________?
7.something, anything, everything, nothing, this, that, 动名词以及不定式作主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用it；everybody, nobody等做主语，代词使用they
Getting up early is important, ________ ________?
Everybody likes Raymond, ________ ________?
8.these, those做主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用they
These are not books, ________ ________?
9.我愿意wish句型，反义疑问句用may
I wish to go home now, ________ ________?
10.I don’t t hink/believe/expect否定转移的反义疑问，跟从句走
I don’t think he can finish the work, ________ ________?
11.You don’t think / He doesn’t believe/They don’t expect仍然遵循前否后肯原则，后跟主语走You think he can’t finish the work, ________ ________?
12.祈使句的反义疑问句
Let’s…, shall we?
其他祈使句,will you?
Open the window, ________ ________?
13.感叹句的反义疑问句，一律用be的一般现在时否定
What a funny man, ________ ________?
五、简单句中的祈使句
今日事今日毕。

好好努力，否则你考试会不及格的。

六、简单句中的感叹句
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词，公式如下：
What+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.+S+V!
How+adj./adv.+(the+n.)+v.!
★真题试炼★
1)The robot can help me sweep the floor. ______ smart invention it is!
A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How
2)______ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How
七．并列句的常见考点分析
定义：并列句是由and, but, or, so, for把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。

★小试身手★
1)They see the trees ____ not the forest.
2)We’re here anyway ____ th at’s lucky.
3)You are not listening, ____ I’ll shut up.
4)There will still be difficulties ____ we can manage.
5)The sea can be blue ____ grey.
6)It must have rained last night, ____ the ground is wet.
7)Hurry ____ you will miss the train.
8)I said it ____ I mean it.
9)The play began at eight, ____ we must have dinner at seven.
10)The days were short, ____ it was now December.
III Review
1.The boss doesn't allow the clerks to smoke in the office, ________?
A) does he B) doesn't he C) is he D) isn't he
2. I enjoy the popular dance "hip-hop", but ________ my father ________ my mother likes it.
A) both, and B) neither, nor
C) either, or D) not only, but also
3. This city used to have many famous landmarks, ________ many of them were destroyed in the war.
A) or B) but C) and
D) so
4. I have tried many times to memorize the poem, ______ I always fail.
A) or B) and C) but
D) so
5. ______ William ______ Frank like the iPad because it has various functions and easy to
operate.
A) Both...and B) Either...or
C) Neither...nor D) Not only...but also
6. ______ do you think it is not a good idea to keep a pet dog?
A) Who B) Where C) Why D) What
7. The sick man's allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, ______?
A) isn't he B) hasn't he C) is he D) wasn't he
8. Parents should always keep an eye on little children, ______ they can easily get hurt.
A) so B) but C) and D) or
9. We can hardly tell what life without the Internet will be like in the future, ________?
A) can we B) can't we C) will it
D) won't it
10. -Tom doesn't know how to draw a comic row of pictures.
- ________
A) So do I. B) So am I. C) Neither do I. D) Neither am I.
11. Jennifer has two children and ________ of them were born in winter.
A) all B) either C) both D) neither
12. Terry did very well in the interview, ___ he got his dream job in IBM.
A) for B) so C) but
D) or
13. Don't let such a thing happen again, ________ you will lose your job!
A) and B) but C) or D) so
14. Seven Job’s death marked the end of an era, ____?
A) did he B) didn't he C) did it D) didn't it
15. Tourists can enjoy wonderful views on ____sides of the Huangpu River.
A) all B) both C) any
D) either
16. All the boys came to make fun of Tom, ___they stayed to play games with him happily at
last.
A) so B) and C) but D) or
17. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. _______of them are part of his family.
A) Both B) All C) None
D) Neither
18. Tom rarely visits her aunt during work days, ______?
A) has he B) hasn't he C) does he D) doesn't he
19. Sonia never cleans ______ even offers to wash the dishes. How lazy he is!
A) but B) and C) so
D) or
20. The twins and their mother were very tired, but____of them would stop for a rest.
A) both B) neither C) none D) either
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．安全对每个人都很重要。

请根据以下信息内容提示，写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。

提示：1. 体育锻炼
2. 上下楼梯
3. 交朋结友
4. 食品卫生
要求： 1. 语句通顺，表达准确，内容连贯；
2．短文可以适当发挥；但要包含以上要点。

3．词数：80—100词。

短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important to us students.___________ _____________________________________________
【答案】Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important to us students. First, we should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are having sports. Second, There are too many students at school, and our hallways are too narrow. So don’t crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs. Or there may be an accident. Besides, we should be friendly and get on well with others, don’t quarrel or even fight. Last but not least , We should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food, which is harmful to our health.
In a word, it's important to remember these for us all.
【解析】
这是一篇给材料作文。

结合要点提示，可知本文主要从三个方面进行叙述，注意围绕要点组织材料，适当发挥。

根据材料内容确定主要句子的时态，及句式等重要内容。

写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。

上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。

3．(B)根据要求完成大作文,词数:80-100
体育运动是中学生的共同爱好.请根据下面提示写一篇题为What We Get from Sports 的短文,应该包含以下要点:
1,学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同,理由各异.
2.多数学生学习疲倦时,通过运动来放松自己.
3.男孩参加各项体育运动,希望运动能使自己更强壮.
4.女孩也喜欢运动，希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康,苗条.
5.你对运动的观点.
6.注意:文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字
7.短文开头已给出,不计入词数.
8.参考词语:keep slim (保持苗条)
What We Get from Sports
Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in
sports._________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________
【答案】Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in sports. But different students have different reasons for taking part in sports.
Many students have sports when they feel tired after study. They just want to relax themselves and have fun. Most boys love sports. They take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger. They join in the sports that interest them most, such as soccer, basketball and volleyball. As for girls, they want to lose weight. They want to keep slim, so they also like taking exercise.
In my opinion, no matter what reasons we have, we all can get a lot from sports.
【解析】
【详解】
本篇写作主要是谈论自己对运动的观点和看法，应该用一般现在时态，写作要点要包括：1.提出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。

2.具体分析（多数学生的观点、男生的观点、女生的观点）。

3.提出自己对运动的观点。

亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，在文中使用了时间状语从句，定语从句，特别使用一些亮点词句，如have fun，in order to，as for，in my opinion等。

增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。

4．写作
“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。

某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“We should honor our parents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。

内容包括:
What do you often do for your parents?
Why should we honor our parents?
How should we honor our parents?
要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。

We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of
China.____________________________
【答案】We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think it's our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so it's important for us to honor them.They love us so we should love and respect them.
First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.We'd better communicate with them patiently if we have different opinions.It's also important to tell our parents we love them.
【解析】
【分析】
本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文
【详解】
这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。

这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：As we know，…众所周知；.I think it's our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First of all，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。

5．回首三年，相信你有满满的回忆。

在你将踏上新的旅程之际，请给新入学的学弟学妹们两则初中生活的建议，并说说原因，让他们的初中生活更加精彩。

请参考下面的思维导图用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。

School life Teachers and friends Schoolwork and activities
My Advice for Junior High
【答案】例文Junior high is an important stage in your life. As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation. To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two pieces of advice. First, establish your routines. By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable. Second, be sure to try new things. You can join new clubs or take up a new hobby. This will not only get you out of the stressful schoolwork, but also help you make more friends. I hope my advice can be helpful to you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如as a student，must be，filled with，get used to，relax ourselves，two pieces of advice，fall into，join new clubs，take up，not only…but also，make more friends，be helpful to等。

而非谓语动词结构To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two pieces of advice.和As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation./ By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable./ I hope my advice can be helpful to you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

6．假如你是王梅，有一个弟弟/妹妹一直是你的梦想，去年你家里添了一个弟弟/妹妺，你非常开心，请根据内容要点，写一封电子邮件给你的笔友李蕾，和她分享你的快乐，告诉她你的变化。

（ brother， sister任选其一）
内容要点: （1）我一直想有个弟弟、妹妹；
（2）去年我的梦想实现了，有了弟弟/妺妹；
（3）他/她非常可爱，给我们带来了欢乐，伴我成长，不再孤单；
（4）我学会了分享和照顾家人；
（5）请补充几点弟弟、妹妹到来后你的变化。

参考词汇：joy； grow up with sb.伴某人成长;on one’s initiative主动地；help do the housework；study hard； set an example 树立榜样。

写作要求：（1）不得使用真实姓名和校名
（2）包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；
（3）字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚；
（4）词数80左右。

（书信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

）
Dear Li Lei,
I have been dreaming to have a brother/sister. Last
year,___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
I’m lucky and happy to have a brother/ sister. Looking forwar d to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Wang Mei 【答案】Dear Li Le,
I have been dreaming to have a sister. Last year, my dream came true. I was really happy to have such a lovely baby sister.
She brings lots of joy to our family and she grows up with me day by day. Every time I see the big smile on her face, my heart is full of sweet feelings. I will come over to see her and play with her as soon as I get home every day. Now I’m not alone any more.
Above all, I have learned to share and look after others since she was born. I learn to help my mother do the housework, such as washing clothes, cooking and looking after my little sister on my own initiative. In order to set a good example for my little sister, I decide to study hard all the time and go to a famous university one day. Taking care of the baby is a hard job and I learn to be patient from it. I also learn to be kind and friendly to her.
I’m lucky and happy to have a sister. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours
Wang Mei 【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达顺应了当今的热门话题，“二胎”，主要是站在孩子（考生）的角度，分享有了弟弟或妹妹后的喜悦。

【详解】
这是篇材料作文内容要点给的比较详细，考生主要把所有要点表达清楚连贯就是篇不错的短文；参考词汇中，给了一些很好的词汇，考生一定要把它们融合到作文里。

在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。

同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。

7．现在智能手机（smartphone）越来越普及，很多中学生都有智能手机。

请你根据下面的提示，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法，可适当发挥。

提示：1、在生活中你用智能手机做什么？
2、智能手机对你的生活产生了怎样的影响？
3、你对中学生使用智能手机有什么看法？
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
【答案】例文：The smartphone is becoming more and more popular nowadays .I also have a smartphone .I usually use it to send text messages, play games,watch videos, listen to music and learn English .It is very useful and convenient. In fact,the smartphone makes my life colorful. However ,every coin has two sides.Sometimes I spend too much time playing games on the smartphone and get bad results in exams.
So I think we students should use our smartphones properly and don’t use them too much .We should pay more attention to our studies.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文，要求根据内容提示，写一篇英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法。

文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。

首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。

在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。

同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。

最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。

8．书面表达
86.某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。

请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

（1）父母规矩太多，不允许晚上出去，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己。

（2）你应该理解父母，他们是爱孩子的，希望孩子前程似锦。

（3）你与父母保持良好关系的做法：努力学习，听父母话。

（4）……（至少一条）。

要求：
（1）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

（2）文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名。

（3）词数：80～100个。

（4）短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数。

How to keep a good relationship with parents
In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me...
【答案】How to keep a good relationship with parents
In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me to go out with my friends at night. They don’t allow me to choose my own clothes, either. And they pay too much attention to my exam results. I think my parents don’t quite understand me.
However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure, I know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future.
In order to keep a good relationship with my parents, I study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework.
【解析】
【详解】
某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to k eep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。

请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

注意文中用第一人称书写；2.时态以一般现在时为主；3.体裁为说明文，可稍加评论；4.合理想象，发表你对压力的看法；5.语句通顺。

意思连贯；
【点睛】
本文语句通顺，段落分明。

文中用到了一些好的句型：However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own d ecisions and give me too much pressure,这里给文章增色不少。

9．为了吸引外国游客，杭州旅游网希望对杭州茶文化进行宣传。

请你根据表格信息，用英语为其写一篇介绍，词数80左右。

Longjing Tea
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【答案】Tea culture is one of the most famous cultures in China. Longjing tea is one of the famous Chinese traditional teas and famous green tea. Why is Longjing Tea famous for? Because it taste good. It is good for people to keep healthy by drinking longjing tea. Longjing tea grows mainly on the sides of mountains. People are very strict about the picking of Longjing tea. Longjing is a famous tea in China, which is related not only to the climate and soil environment of Longjing, but also to the production technology of Longjing. Hangzhou is the resort where Longjing tea is produced. So Hangzhou National Tea Museum is the best place to learn about Hongjing tea.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇材料类介绍型作文，所以我们必须要结合所给材料再适当补充内容。

时态以一般现在时为主。

亮点词汇短语：one of．．．，．．．之一；green tea绿茶；be famous for．．．，因…而出名；keep healthy保持健康；be strict in sth对…严格；not only．．．.but also．．．，不仅．．．而且．．．。

亮点句型：
It is good for people to keep healthy by drinking Longjing tea. 喝龙井茶对人们保持健康有好处。

It is+adj.(for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是怎样的。

Longjing is a famous tea in China, which is related not only to the climate and soil environment of Longjing, but also to the production technology of Longjing. 龙井是我国著名的茶叶，它不仅与龙井的气候、土壤环境有关，而且与龙井的生产工艺有关。

Which引导的限定性定语从句。

Hangzhou is the resort where Longjing tea is produced. 杭州是龙井茶出产的胜地。

Where引导的定语从句。