动词不定式,动名词在句中充当的成分.
非谓语动词做定语举例
非谓语动词做定语举例一.非谓语动词的概念：指在句子中不充当谓语动词的其他动词。
二.非谓语动词的形式：动词不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）。
三.非谓语动词在句中充当定语（定语：常把用来修饰名词的成分称为定语。
）四：例子分析1.非谓语动词——《不定式》在句子中充当定语。
I have a meeting to attend.我有个会要参加。
（该句的主语为I；have为谓语动词；a meeting为宾语。
to attend为后置定语，用以修饰前面的名词a meeting.说明这个会议是我要参加的那个会议。
）He is the first to get to school.他是第一个到校的。
（该句中的动词不定式to get to school“到达学校”用以修饰其前面的名词the first,作其定语成分，说明“他”是第一个到校的。
）2.非谓语动词——《动名词》在句子中充当定语。
例如：There is a swimming pool.有一个池塘。
（该句中的短语a swimming pool“一个池塘”。
swimming用来修饰名词pool，说明pool“池塘”是用来“游泳的”。
）3.非谓语动词——《现在分词》在句子中充当定语。
例如：Look at the falling leaves.看那落叶。
（该句中的现在分词falling“（正在）落下的”修饰名词leaves“叶子”，说明其叶子的状态是正在掉落。
同学们注意区分现在分词与动动名词的区别，不明白这个知识点的小伙伴可以搜索冉老师历史发文哟。
）There were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.成千上万的人正在电视上观看开幕式直播。
（该句中的watching为现在分词，用以修饰名词people，说明“人们”正在观看的状态。
opening也为现在分词，用以修饰名词ceremony“开幕式”，说明开幕式是正在举办的，是一种现在进行时。
动词不定式-动名词在句中充当的成分
动词意思，但需改变动词词性的方法，即 doing 或 to do. 前者侧重事实陈述，后者 侧重目的和将要
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动名词做定语，与现在分词做定语的区别：
动名词做定语，表功能，用途 a sleeping car → a car for sleeping a swimming pool → a pool for swimming walking stick --- stick for walking
现在分词做定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为， 它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
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The worker and the artist, who _____ in the town _____ want to move to village. A. was used to living, don’t B. were used to living, doesn’t C. used to live, don’t D. used to live, doesn’t
I regret having said that精.品PPT
动名词充当宾语：
A. 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语：
can’t help, can’t stand, feel like, give up, put off, admit, advise, avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, practice, risk, suggest, bear, stand….
动词不定式和动名词的用法
非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)1.不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“to do", 在句中不单独作谓语；本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(1）作主语：例：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To grasp English in a short time is not easy.在短时间内掌握英语不容易。
注意：为保持句子平衡，可用“it”作形式主语，而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边，句型为：It is /was…to do sth.例:It is not easy to grasp English in a short time.在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。
It was important for him to solve the problem then。
当时对于他来说，解决这个问题是重要的。
(2）作宾语：多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语，有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。
例：I want to have a walk after supper。
晚饭后我想去散步.He considered it his duty to support his family。
他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。
She doesn’t know how to run the machine。
她不知道如何操作这台机器。
不定式作宾语的结构为：及物动词+ to do. 动词常用：advise, agree，ask，begin, continue, decide，expect，forget, hope, learn，like, manage, mean, pretend，start, try，want，wish等。
（3）作表语：联系动词一般都是be。
例:Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it.我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。
非谓语动词在句子中的作用
非谓语动词在句子中的作用非谓语动词是一种特殊的动词形式，它在句子中充当其他成分的作用，而不是动词的谓语。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，它们在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它可以作为名词、形容词和副词的补语，充当句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
1. 作为名词补语：动词不定式可以作为名词的补语，充当句子的主语或宾语。
例如：- To learn is to grow.（学习就是成长。
）- I want to visit my grandparents.（我想去看望我的祖父母。
）2. 作为形容词补语：动词不定式可以作为形容词的补语，修饰名词或代词。
例如：- The book to read is on the table.（要读的书在桌子上。
）- He is a person to trust.（他是个可信赖的人。
）3. 作为副词补语：动词不定式可以作为副词的补语，修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例如：- He worked hard to pass the exam.（他努力学习以通过考试。
）- She is too excited to sleep.（她太兴奋以至于无法入睡。
）二、动名词动名词是动词的一种形式，以-ing结尾。
它可以充当名词的角色，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
1. 作为名词主语：动名词可以作为句子的主语，表示一个行为或状态。
例如：- Singing brings me joy.（唱歌给我带来快乐。
）- Swimming is good for your health.（游泳对健康有好处。
）2. 作为名词宾语：动名词可以作为句子的宾语，接在及物动词后面。
例如：- I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。
）- She hates doing household chores.（她讨厌做家务。
句子成分
状语
说明动作“何时”、“何地”、 “如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副 词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、 不定式、状语从句等充当。 The baby was not born yesterday.
宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分 为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、 动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、 过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。 Call him Jim, please.
5.划出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
3.划出下列句中的定语 ①What is your given name? ②I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ③The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ④I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
基本句型 五：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋ 宾＋宾补） 1. They │painted │the door │green. 2. This │set │them │thinking. 3. They │found │the house │deserted. 4. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别？动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于后面所说的事情还没有发生。
例：To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词，其相当于名词，例：Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v.表主动，表将来，表一次行动作。
-ing表主动，表进行。
动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但用法不尽相同。
1 •作主语一般情况下，不定式与动名词作主语可以互换，也常常可以用it充当形式主语，而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。
但二者也有区别，不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为；而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。
例如：To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。
Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。
2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语，动名词多为前置定语；不定式多表示将来的动作，动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。
例如：He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。
Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药，你会睡得更好。
3 .作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语；有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语；有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
例女口：Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，接下来是小编为您整理的非谓语动词知识点总结，希望对您有所帮助。
I.概述1.基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) (= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△ △△△动名词△△△ △不定式△△△△△△过去分词△ △△△注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
句子成分
4)方式状语 ) She put the eggs in to the basket with great care. He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means. 5)目的状语 ) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. Bring it closer so that I may see it better. 6)结果状语 ) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately(马上 马上). 马上 He is so good a teacher that the students love him. 7)比较状语 ) I am taller thБайду номын сангаасn he is. 8)让步状语 ) Childe as he is , he can take care of himself.
2.谓语 谓语 谓语和主语一样,是一个句子的主干部分之一, 谓语和主语一样,是一个句子的主干部分之一,表 示主语所做的动作,具有的特征及所处的状态, 示主语所做的动作,具有的特征及所处的状态,通常由动 词充当,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词, 词充当,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词以及 助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须 和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语. 和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语.实义动词包括及物 动词和不及物动词, 及物动词后面要带宾语. 动词和不及物动词, 及物动词后面要带宾语.通常情况 下, 谓语位于主语之后. 谓语位于主语之后. 例如: 例如: They work very hard. (不及物动词) 不及物动词) 及物动词) She bought a new house last year. (及物动词) We can speak English very well.(情态动词 实义动词) 实义动词) (情态动词+实义动词 (连系动词 实义动词) They are playing over there.(连系动词+实义动词) 实义动词 He doesn't like fishing. (助动词 实义动词) 助动词+实义动词 实义动词)
动词不定式
不定式作主语 句型一：It + to do sth…(作主语)
1) change the following into the infinitive 1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. ______(err ) is human; to forgive is divine.
Ellipsis of the infinitive sign 1. to used alone and the main verb is omitted. Would you like to pass me you book? to Yes, I‟d like ____.(to)
但是如果动词是be 或have，就要保 留
不定式结构 不定式时态 不定式省略to的情况 不定式充当句子成分
主动形式
一般式 完成式 进行式
被动形式
To do
To have done To be doing To have been doing
to be done
To have been done
完成式
不定式的时态
To do To have done To be doing To have been doing
2. 完成时。To have done She seems to have got married. =she seems that she has got married. （marry 比seem 先） 他假装曾经读过那本书。 He pretended to have read the book . 据说他要离开/已经离开上海了。 He is said to __________________Shanghai. leave/have gone
中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座---动词不定式、动名词及动词过去分词精讲及练习
中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座---动词不定式、动名词及动词过去分词精讲及练习非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当句子谓语，而是充当句子其它成分的动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。
现在分词和动名词又统称为动词v--ing形式。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但有语态和时态的变化。
本讲座主要对非谓语动词的基本用法分别进行系列讲解。
第一讲：动词不定式用法精讲及练习考点一：动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在某些情况下，to可以省略。
动词不定式在句中主要起名词、形容词、副词的作用，因此，动词不定式可以作句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立结构。
但在初中阶段，主要掌握动词不定式作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语为主。
为了简明扼要地掌握动词不定式的用法，我们以表格的形式呈现给大家。
见下表：表（一）：动词不定式的基本形式：【典型考例】（2019湖北襄阳）我们的老师总是告诉我们，在学习中不要逃避任何困难。
(keep)Our teacher always tells us___ _ in the study【析】正确答案：not to escape any difficulties。
“告诉某人不要做某事”在英语中为tell sb. not to do sth.,not to do sth为动词不定式的否定形式，作动词tell的宾语补足语。
“逃避任何困难”为escape any difficulties。
【典型考例】（2019哈尔滨）Kids like reading stories which can make them _____.ughB.to laughughing【析】正确答案：A。
句意是：孩子们喜欢那些能让他们哈哈大笑的故事。
动词make为使役动词，其后接不定式短语作宾语补足语时，省略to。
即make sb do sth“使某人作某事”，故正确答案为A。
句子成分
句子成分：一、主语：在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式短语来充当。
1、名词作主语The play was very interesting. 这场戏很有意思。
主系状表The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。
主谓宾状2、代词作主语They were talking loudly. 他们在大声地说话。
主谓状He has never borrowed money from me. 他从未向我借过钱。
主谓状谓宾状Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. 托尼看见了我，就走过来和我做到一张桌子前。
主谓宾连谓连状We are very proud of him. 我们真为他感到自豪。
主系状表状3、动名词作主语Fishing is my favourite sport. 钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。
主系定表4、动词不定式作主语It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。
形主状谓状主（动名词和动词不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语。
）二、谓语：谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物和不及物动词。
1、行为动词作谓语On the last day I made a big decision. 到了最后一天，我做出了一项重大决定。
状主谓定宾I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. 我很早起床，买来了37张明信片。
主谓状连谓定宾It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. 过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。
非谓语动词在句中成分
非谓语动词在句中成分什么是非谓语动词在语法中，谓语动词是句子中的核心动词，用来表示主语的动作或状态。
而非谓语动词则是指在句子中承担其他成分功能，不起谓语动词的作用。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词的作用非谓语动词在句子中可以担任动词、名词或形容词的角色。
具体来说，非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语时，常使用动词不定式或动名词的形式。
例如：•To travel is my dream. （动词不定式作主语）•Swimming is good for your health. （动名词作主语）2. 非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词可作动词的宾语，表示动作的完成或延续。
例如：•I enjoy reading books. （动名词作宾语）•She wants to go shopping. （动词不定式作宾语）3. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词可用来修饰名词或代词，充当定语的角色。
例如：•The running water sounded soothing. （现在分词作定语）•He showed me a good place to eat. （动词不定式作定语）4. 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词可以作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表达时间、原因、方式、条件等。
例如：•She left, crying. （现在分词作状语，表示方式）•He spoke so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. （动词不定式作状语，表示原因）5. 非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词可以用来补充宾语或主语的意义。
例如：•My father asked me to clean the room. （动词不定式作宾补）•I considered the decision taken by the committee. （动名词作宾补）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语做状语的句子特征
非谓语做状语的句子特征非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
句子成分
初中英语语法总结二、句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter.((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean,children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。
英语句子成分基本
句子的成分：句子成分是句中起一定功用的一个组成部分。
句子成分可以分为八种。
1）主语subject：主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。
主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、或主语从句担任。
如：To become a professor has been his ambition.当教授一直是他的抱负。
（不定式作主语）What we shall do next is not yet decided.下一步我们做什么还未定下来。
（主语从句作主语）2）谓语predicate：谓语是说明主语的动作或状态的部分。
谓语一般由动词或动词短语担任，位置在主语之后。
如：His mother is a doctor.他的妈妈是大夫。
（系动词）We should pay attention to English idioms.我们应注意英语(Q吧)的习语。
（动词短语）3）表语predicative：表语是在连系动词之后表示主语性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。
表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任，位置在连系动词之后。
如：The football match is on.足球赛正在进行。
（副词）All the pupils are on the playground.学生们现在都在操场上。
（介词短语）He seemed surprised at the new.他对这消息似乎感到吃惊。
（分词）The key question is how we should solve the problem.关键的问题是我们应该如何解决这个问题。
（从句）4）宾语object：宾语表示及物动词的对象或内容。
介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。
宾语通常由名词、代词、数词或与之相当的结构但任，位置在及物动词或介词之后。
如：Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 你明天早点来行吗？（动名词）I don’t know where he has gone.我不知道他去哪了.(从句)5）补语complement：补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。
不定式在句子中的成分
不定式在句子中的成分动词不定式在句子中的成分一、作主语（1）动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。
例如：To do XXX health.做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day.每天打扫地板是我的责任。
（2）如果动词不定式太长，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
例如：It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It’s important for us to learn English well．对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
二、作宾语（1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask,agree,beg,decide,determine,fail,hope,manage。
offer。
plan。
prepare。
pretend。
promise。
refuse。
wish及would like/love等动词，但finish。
enjoy,miss。
appreciate。
mind。
advise。
suggest等动词后面平日只能接动名词作宾语。
比方：I XXX.我但愿能再度访问此地。
She enjoys reading very much．她十分喜欢念书。
The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
（2）动词不定式与名词等组成复合宾语时，平日要用it作形式宾语，而将真实的宾语——动词不定式后置。
比方：I think it our duty to obey the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
I found it difficult to see him here.我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
三、作补足语（1）某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语；在被动式中，由于原先的宾语酿成了主语，故原先的宾语补足语酿成了主语补足语。
英语句子八大成分
英语句子成分讲座主语句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别动名词和不定式作为英语语法中常用的词组形式，经常被用于表达特定的含义和语境。
本文将重点介绍动名词与不定式的区别，以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种句型。
一、定义和形式1. 动名词（Gerund）是动词的一种形式，以-ing结尾，并且在句中充当名词的角色。
动名词的形式为动词的原形 + -ing，例如：reading, swimming, studying等。
2. 不定式（Infinitive）是动词的一种形式，一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如：to read, to swim, to study等。
二、句法用法1. 主语和宾语（1）动名词作为主语，常用于表达一般性的或已经完成的动作。
例如：Swimming is my favorite hobby.（游泳是我最喜欢的爱好。
）（2）不定式作为主语，常用于表达将来的或可能的动作。
例如：To travel around the world is my dream.（环游世界是我的梦想。
）（3）动名词作为宾语，常用于及物动词之后。
例如：I enjoy swimming in the ocean.（我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
）（4）不定式作为宾语，常用于及物动词之后，并带有to。
例如：She wants to go shopping this weekend.（她想在这个周末去购物。
）2. 补语（1）动名词作为补语，常用于及物动词之后。
例如：I find it interesting watching movies.（我发现看电影很有趣。
）（2）不定式作为补语，常用于及物动词之后，并带有to。
例如：She considers him to be a good friend.（她认为他是个好朋友。
）3. 定语和状语（1）动名词作为定语，修饰名词。
例如：I have a swimming lesson tomorrow.（我明天有一节游泳课。
动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.,作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式.如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but, except, besides +to do(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.②动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等.在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand whatwas happening.⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.①forget, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing AirportRemember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)doing停下某事It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.三,做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定式说明主语的内容.④Our work is serving the people.⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来.四,作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Have you anything to be taken to your sister③Do you have anything to say on the question④Would you please give me some paper to write on⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:(1)表示将来的动作(例①).(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive.⒉动名词作定语①This passage can be used as listening materials.②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.③All moving bodies have energy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.五,不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相对完整.(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如:①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose,see(=understand), understand等.①We all believe John(to be)honest.②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.②They make the students do too much homework every day.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day.(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如:Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax formI've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:You may depend on them to be there early.The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等.⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.②The young university student is considered to have great promise.六,不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如:I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等.①We are glad to hear the news.②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.The room is really comfortable to live in.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等.⒉作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:①so…as to; such…as toI'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来.I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.②enough…t oThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.③only toJane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.④too…toI'm too tired to stay up longer.但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当于very)②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的话),to be sure(真的)等等.七,动词不定式,动名词的其它用法⒈疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语,宾语,表语等.如:①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.④The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式.如:①When we shall leave…③…how Icould learn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等.⒉动词不定式的时态,语态(1)时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生.如:I hope to become a university student this year.(to become发生在hope之后)We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(play和hear同时发生)②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用）want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事turn to sb for help 求助于某人(这算不定式?)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事It is dangerous to do sth 做……是危险的want to be 希望从事什么职业stop to do sth 停下来去做某事remember to do sth 记得去做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事love to do sth 喜爱做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事（I would= I'd)practice doing sth 练习做某事spend(time/money) in doing sth 花时间或钱做某事spend补充spend...on sth 在某物上花多少钱go to do sth 去做某事watch sb do sth （省略to）看见某人做某事（全过程）It's time to do sth 做……事的时间到了（=It's time for sth)decide to do sth 决定做某事agree to do sth 同意做某事have to do sth 不得不做某事动名词like doing sth 喜欢做某事（经常）enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事（=be busy doing sth)be doing sth （现在进行时）thank sb for doing sth 谢某人做了某事（=thank sb for sth)remember doing sth 记得做过某事forget doing sth 忘记去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事huan fun doing sth 做某事有乐趣do some +V.ing 做某事What about doing sth 做某事怎么样？（=How about doing sth)watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事find sb/sth doing sth 发现某人/物在做某事（这个有点疑问，参考书上说强调结果，一般不用进行时态？）discuss doing sth 讨论做某事go doing 去做某事What do you think of doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样？原形let sb do sth 让某人做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事。
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）否定式：not + (to) do2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
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继续看It 的句型----动词 继续看 is + adj + to do sth 的句型 动词 不定式做主语： 不定式做主语： It isn’t right to say so. It took us a year to complete this project. to do sth 是句子中的真正主语，并且 是句子中的真正主语，并且say, complete后面还都有自己的宾语。因此动词不 后面还都有自己的宾语。 后面还都有自己的宾语 定式内部保持了“动宾关系” 定式内部保持了“动宾关系”。而且是必须保持 动宾关系： 动宾关系： It is comfortable to live in the room.
2 ---Why aren’t you happy? --- I don’t like the idea ________. A. in getting up early B. of getting up early C. for getting up early D. to get up early 3. Lily has a habit of asking questions, A.But then not to listen to the answers. B.But then not listen to the answers. C.And then not listening to the answers. D.And then doesn’t listen to the answers.
动词不定式作主语的重点句型
It is + adj + （for sb ） to do sth （of sb ） to do sth 遇到你真高兴：It is very happy to meet you. It 真正的主语是： to do sth To meet you is very happy. it 只是形式主语保持句子平衡。 再看一些例句：
B.以下动词既可接不定式做宾语， B.以下定式做宾语 做宾语， 注意意思上的区别： 做宾语， 注意意思上的区别：
remember forget regret like stop mean prefer hate continue remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过/做了而又忘了 regret to do sth 很遗憾要去做 某事 I regret to tell you a bad news 我很遗憾要告诉你一个 regret doing sth 后悔做了 I regret having said that. mean to do 打算想做某事. mean doing 意味着
a. b. c. d. e.
It isn’t right to say so. It is wrong to give up the chance. It isn’t an easy thing to master English. It took us a year to complete this project. It cost you 10 yuan to post a book. 注意：当给你一个动词不定式，说”某某做某事…..“，这 时必然产生一个动词不定式的复合结构，即：it is 动词不定式的复合结构， 动词不定式的复合结构 还是用of要看前 +adj+ for/of sb to do sth. 用for 还是用 要看前 面的形容词，若形容词是形容人的品质，特征的， 面的形容词，若形容词是形容人的品质，特征的，就 要用of,例如 要用 例如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right , foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude ,naughty, impolite..
动名词充当宾语： A. 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语： can’t help, can’t stand, feel like, give up, put off, admit, advise, avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, practice, risk, suggest, bear, stand…. keep doing sth keep on doing sth consider doing 考虑做某事 consider to be 认为 to be doing to have done to have been done
本节课讲述 动词不定式， 动词不定式，动名词
1. 主语
To learn English well is not easy. 当主语表达动作时，我们须将动词变性。既能表达 当主语表达动作时，我们须将动词变性。 出动词的意思，还又不能再是动词的词性。 出动词的意思，还又不能再是动词的词性。因此英 语中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法。 语中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法。 动词不定式强调：目的， 动词不定式强调：目的，将要 动名词强调：状态，陈述事实， 动名词强调：状态，陈述事实，结果
Thank you for the trouble _______. A. you have made to help me B. you have had to help me C. you have taken to help me D. you have paid to help me
The worker and the artist, who _____ in the town _____ want to move to village. A. was used to living, don’t B. were used to living, doesn’t C. used to live, don’t D. used to live, doesn’t
动词不定式做宾语
1. 动词不定式做动词的宾语 2. 动词不定式做介词的宾语
A．以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语： agree, decide, expect, hope, long, manage, want, plan, pretend, wish, would like, seem, happen, learn, promise, used to, take trouble(不辞辛劳)，set out, make up one’s mind, fail, arrange, hurry, prepare, mean (打算)
动名词做表语
动名词做表语表陈述事实：试比较 My job is teaching. My job is to protect you. I am to go shopping. 做表语的肯定不能是动词，因此。涉及保留 动词意思，但需改变动词词性的方法，即 doing 或 to do. 前者侧重事实陈述，后者 侧重目的和将要
动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面， 动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面，起到定 语修饰这些名词的作用： 语修饰这些名词的作用： A. effort failure promise desire B. way, pleasure, plan, time, chance, power C. idea, method, habit, purpose A组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式 组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式 组名词 B组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式或of 组名词， 动词不定式或 组名词 后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式 doing sth形式 形式 C组名词， 后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用 组名词， 组名词 后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用of doing sth的形式 的形式
→The room is comfortable to live in.
动名词做主语： 动名词做主语： 动名词做主语在下列常见句型中： It is no use doing sth. 做……没有好处/用处 It is no good doing sth. 做某事无益/无用 It is no harm doing sth. 做……并无害处 It is a waste of time/money doing sth. 若给你一个动名词，然后说“某某做某事”，这时 会产生一个“动名词复合结构”，即：one’s “动名词复合结构” doing sth. (one’s 为形容词性物主代词或名词所 有格) It is no use saying so. It is no use your/Tom’s saying so.
而别的adj时，则用for. 例如： 1. It is wrong of you to say so. 2. It is important for you to say so. 用of, 还是for 还可以这么判断： 1句说成you are wrong 1 you wrong，是合理的。“你是错的” 与句子想表达的意思相符。 2 句说成 you are important， 不合理。“你是重 要的”。这与本句想表达的“你这么说是重要的” 不相符。
The chance we are looking forward ________ has come here. A. to speaking English B. to to speak English C. to of speaking English D. of speaking English E. to speak English
Please make an effort ________. A. of arriving early B. in arriving early C. to arrive early D. early to arrive His effort ___ the college made him quite happy. A. to enter B. in entering C. to enter to D. to enter for E. entering F. of entering Tell me the effort _______. A. you have paid for helping me B. you have taken to help me C. you have made to help me D. you have spent to help me