(完整版)need,must用法及练习.doc

need 用法
一．用作
1． need sth.
是 need 最常的用法之一，其后的可以是名，也可以是代。

如：
1). The soup needs salt.
2). They don need’t afraid any more.
3). Does he need any help?
2． need doing 与 need to be done
通常物做主， need后面可跟名作，种情况下注意两点：
①.主形式的名doing 具有被的含；
②.名可以改其不定式的被形式而句子的意不。

例如：
4). The door needs painting.
=The door needs to be painted.
5). Your car needs repairing.
=Your car needs to be repaired.
3． need to do sth.
作， need后面需要接 to 的不定式 ,表示有或任去做某事。

如：
6). What do we need to take for the party?
7). Will we need to show our ID card?
8). I need to take good care of my sister.
二．用作情
①．没有人称和数的化。

不主是第几人称，不主是数是复数，情都都无形式化；
②．不能独充当。

情必与一个一起构成复合，并且个意要始是原形。

③．否定句只需在情之后加not。

9)． You needn't do it again ．
10)． He needn't worry about it ．
④．疑句只需将情提到主的前面。

例如：
11). Need I type this letter again?
12）—Need I stay here any longer?
— No, you needn’ t.
— Yes, you must.
三．用作名
need作名，含“缺乏，需要”；其复数表示“基本需要”。

要掌握两个： in (great) need of（急需）与 meet the needs of(足⋯⋯的需要 )。

例如：
13). There’ s no need for you to try again.
14). The factory is in great need of funds.
“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。

“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. you need not have said that “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做
”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。

”“shouldn't+have+done
含有指责对方或自责的含意。

1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
3 you should have told me
“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。

1.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
2.You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
must 的用法
1.must 表示“必”、“ ”。

例如：
①We must protect our environment.
②E veryone must obey the rule.
2.must 的否定形式 must not 表示“不”、“禁止”、“不准”。

气比烈。

例如：
①You mustn’t speak like that.
②You mustn’t be late for school.
3.在回答 must 的句，肯定形式用must 来回答，但否定形式用needn’或t don’ t have to来回答。

而不
用 mustn’t来回答。

例如：
①—— Must I be home before 8 o’clock?(8点之前我必回家？)
—— Yes, you must.No, you needn’ t./No, you don’ t have to.
（是，你必。

）（不，你不必。

）
4.must 可表示推，意思是“一定”、“必定”，一般只用于肯定句中。

分三种情况：
1.）于在状的推，我用：must +v.（状或系），例如：
①He must be at home.他(准在家里。

）
②T here must be some children in the room（.房里准有些孩子。

）
2.）于在作的推，我用：must +be + doing（行），例如：
①They must be cleaning their room.他(准是在打房。

）
②He must be watching TV.（他准是在看。

）
3.）于去事的推，我用：must +have +去分，例如 :
①I t must have rained last night.(昨晚准是下雨了。

）
②I didn ’t hear the phonemust.I have been asleep（.我没有听到，我准是睡着了。

）
一． Choose the right answer.
( ) 1. You ________ any help, do you?
A. don ’ t need
B. needn ’t
C. need
D. doesn ’ t need
( ) 2. ---Must I stay at the office this afternoon? ---No, you .
A. don ’t
B. needn ’t
C. don ’ t need
D. can ’t
( ) 3. Tom get up a little earlier tomorrow.
A. needs
B. need
C. need to
D. needs to
( ) 4. Need the doctor ________ with you tonight?
A. staying
B. stay
C. stays
D. to stay
( ) 5. Look! Your shirt is so dirty. It .
A. need washing
B. need to wash
C. needs washing
D. need wash
( ) 6. The supply can ’t the demand.
A. meet need of
B. meet the need of
C. meet the needs of
D. meet needs of
( ).7. The hospital is blood.
A. in great need of
B. on great need of
C. in great need with
D. on great need with
( ) 8. Your room is full of dust. It .
A. need clean
B. need cleaning
C. need to be cleaned
D. needs to be cleaned
( ) 9. David anything to drink?
A. Need, ⋯\
B. Needs, ⋯\
C. Does ⋯ need
D. Do⋯ need
( ) 10. You to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do.
A. needn ’ t to come
B. don ’ t need come
C. don ’ t need coming
D. needn ’ t come
二.Fill in the blanks using have to, have got to, must, should, ought to, had better.
1.You _____________ not get down until the bus has stopped.
2.They _____________ be encouraged to speak English after class.
3.You often _____________ wait a long time for a bus.
4.We _____________ go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’tthink we will.
5.I _____________ not miss my train.
6.When traveling, you _____________ take care of your health.
7.In some parts of the world, you _____________ boil the water before drinking it.
8.If you have a stomach pain, you _____________ drink hot weak tea.
9.You _____________ not swim immediately after a heave meal.
10.You _____________ not wake me up when you come in.
三． Translate
1.他需要好好睡上一晚上。

2.你需要理发了。

3.我需要你查一下英语字典。

4.你不必解释。

5.我想要知道我们是否要带睡袋。

6.我们不必在雨里站着。

7.他昨天其实是不必去那儿的。

8.你不必这么粗鲁。

9.你一定是在开玩笑吧。

10.她结婚时一定很年轻。

11.我的妹妹准是在看电视现在。

12.我本来不应该买这双鞋的。

13．我本来需要去杭州的今年 3 月份。

KEY: 1-5. ABDBC6-10. CADCD。