一般将来时

1.will/ shall + 不定式

“will/ shall + 不定式”通常用来表示将来时间。Will用于第一、二、三人称主语，shall 用于第一人称主语，都可表示将来，但这种将来意义常常夹杂者情态意义即带有说话人的主观和看法，比如表示“预见”（Prediction）:

You will feel better after taking this medicine.

We shall know the result next week.

I am sure I shan’t los e my way in the woods.

有时既表示将来，也含有“意愿”（Willingness）或“意图”（Intention）:

I will do it, if you like.

As the railway is not yet open to traffic, we shall go by boat.

I will go and see Tom as soon as I get to Shanghai.

在疑问句中，will/ shall还可用来征询听话人的“意图”：

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

When shall we see you next?

What shall I do with your mail?

Excises：

You____ (fail) the test if you don’t work hard.

Unless the taxi comes soon, we____ (lose) the plane.

Do you think it ____ (rain) tomorrow?

2.will/ shall + 不定式进行体/完成体

既然“will/ shall + 不定式”往往夹杂着情态意义，如果我们要表示“纯粹”将来，便可采用“will/ shall + 不定式进行体”结构。这种结构通常带来“自然要发生”的含义，因而不包含“意愿”“意图”等情态意义。例如：

The train will be arriving at two o’clock.

I shall be writing to you soon.

He won’t be coming to the party this evening.

这种“will/ shall + 不定式进行体”结构也可以表示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作。例如：

I will be working in Geneva during May.

What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?

如果要表示将来某一时刻之前已完成的动作便可用“will/ shall + 不定式进行体”。例如：

I will have finished my work by five this afternoon.

Before long he will have forgotten all about it.

The snow will have disappeared before the end of March.

3.如果要表示一个已经开始的动作到将来某一时间仍在进行，便可用“will/ shall + 不

定式完成进行体”。例如：

By the end of next mouth I shall have been working here for 20 years exactly.

If it rains again tomorrow, then it will have been raining for a solid week.

顺带提一下，“will+ 不定式进行体”，“will+ 不定式完成体”和“will/ shall + 不定式完成进行体”结构在一定语境中也可能并不表示“将来”，而仅表示说话人的揣测。例如：Hurry up. They will be waiting. (快点吧。他们一定在等我们。)

He will have received my letter by now.（他这时一定已经收到我的信了。）

They will have been having a holiday yesterday. (昨天他们大概在度假)

Excises：

I hope you ____ (send) her a message soon.

You can use my bike. I ____ (not need) it tomorrow.

You ____ (wonder) all this time how my invention works. (这些时候你一定想知道我的发明是怎么工作的。)

6.一般现在时

用一般现在时表示将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语分句。例如：

If she comes, I will tell her about it.

I will give it to you after I return.

It won’t be long before the rain stops.

在祝剧中用一般现在时表示将来时间通常指按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来事态。例如：

He is in all day Sunday.

She retires next month.

The term starts on 23rd August.

Exercises:

The train ____ (leave) at 7:30 this evening.

Next Christmas ____ (fall) on a Thursday.

Wait here till the meeting____ (be) over.