美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析
美国文学教程：欣赏与评析
美国文学教程：欣赏与评析
美国文学是美国文化的重要组成部分，它深刻地反映了美国的历史、社会、文化和政治。
美国文学教程可以帮助学生了解美国文学的不同历史时期，欣赏和评析美国文学作品，以及学习美国文学的主要流派和文体。
首先，美国文学教程应该介绍美国文学的历史渊源，从美国的早期历史到现代文学，介绍美国文学的发展历程，以及美国文学的特点。
学生可以学习到美国文学的不同流派，如自然主义、现实主义、浪漫主义等，以及它们的特点。
其次，美国文学教程应该介绍美国文学的主要作品，包括小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧等，以及美国文学的著名作家，如爱德华·詹姆斯、梭罗、海明威等。
学生可以学习到美国文学作品
的欣赏和评析方法，以及美国文学作品的主要主题和内容。
最后，美国文学教程应该教授学生如何运用文学手法，如讽刺、比喻、拟人等，以及如何分析文学作品的结构、情节、人物和主题。
学生可以学习到如何通过文学作品来反映社会现实，以及如何用文学的方式抒发自己的情感。
美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析
3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)The Wild Honey SucklePhilip FreneauFair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature's self in whitearrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,Thy days declining to repose,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;They died - nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's powerShall leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost4. Success is counted sweetestSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who ne’er succeed.To comprehend a nectarRequires sorest need.Not one of all the purple HostWho took the Flag to-dayCan tell the definition,So clear, of victory,As he, defeated, dying,On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!Interpretation:1. Only those who desire success most can tell howsweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste thesweetness of victory in all their life, they are thosewho know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience andher temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as apiece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.5. The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyThe Soul selects her own Society---Then---shuts the door---To her divine Majority---Present no more---Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---At her low Gate---Unmoved---an Emperor be kneelingUpon her Mat---I’ve known her---from an ample nation---Choose One---Then---close the Valves or her attention---Like Stone---1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. Thisshowed her resolution and determination.2) Unmoved by any other temptation3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and willnever be tempted by other things.Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。
美国文学史期末考试-诗歌赏析
Philip FreneauThe Wild Honeysuckle野忍冬花美好的花呀，你长得，这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方——-甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵,招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎，没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪.大自然把你打扮得一身洁白,她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光，她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂,想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运—--虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力，会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有，就没什么可失去,因为你的死让你同先前一样;这来去之间不过是一个钟点——-这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
（黄皋炘译）CommentaryThe short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston，South Carolina. It was virtually unread in the poet’s lifetime, yet it deserves a place among major English and American works of poetry of that time。
This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau。
Generally speaking，it is the best of Freneau’s poems，and the best poem on nature before the appearance of the verses of William Cullen Bryant, William Wordsworth，and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The Rhodora. But unlike those early writers who turned to look for themes outside America，Freneau rooted his poem on this piece of land. He is one of the few early writers who eulogize the country.Before Freneau there had been some American poets who，however, wrote mostly on the religious theme and either in style or structurally they imitated English poets。
《美国现代诗歌发展与代表作分析》
美国现代诗歌发展与代表作分析引言•对美国现代诗歌的研究和分析，是了解美国文学发展以及文化背景的关键。
•本篇文档将详细探讨美国现代诗歌的发展历程，并分析其中的代表作品。
美国现代诗歌的起源•简要介绍美国现代诗歌的起源，重点突出19世纪末到20世纪初该领域的先驱与开创者。
主要特点与流派1. 自由诗派（Free Verse）•解释自由诗派在美国现代诗歌中的地位和影响。
•分析自由诗派的特点，包括无规则结构、抒情风格和自由创作等方面。
2. 活动主义/社会批判派（Activist/Social Critic）•探讨活动主义/社会批判派在美国现代诗歌中的兴起。
•分析该流派对社会问题、政治权力和不公正行为等议题进行批判性思考和表达的方式。
3. 启示录式风格（Apocalyptic Style）•描述启示录式风格在美国现代诗歌中的兴起和发展。
•分析该风格的特点，包括对现实世界压抑和焦虑的抒发、对人性和社会命运的悲观思考等。
4. 后现代主义派（Postmodernist）•探究后现代主义派在美国现代诗歌中的作用和影响。
•分析后现代主义派鲜明而多样化的特征，如自我反思、语言游戏、颠覆传统叙事等。
代表作品分析1. 艾米丽·迪金森（Emily Dickinson）- "Because I could not stop for Death"•简述艾米丽·迪金森作为美国现代诗坛独特存在的背景和地位。
•分析这首诗从题材、语言、结构等方面，探讨它在美国现代诗歌中的重要性。
2. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）- "The Road Not Taken" •概括罗伯特·弗罗斯特是20世纪最重要的美国诗人之一。
•对这首著名诗作进行详细分析，包括其意象与隐喻手法等。
3. 阿尔·艾尔斯（A.E. Housman）- "To an Athlete Dying Young"•介绍阿尔·艾尔斯的背景和他在美国现代诗歌中的地位。
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到一簇幽生的金银花，于是便有感而发，将这首短诗一气呵成。
美国诗歌欣赏教程
美国诗歌欣赏教程
诗歌欣赏，又称诗歌分析，是一种采用文学理论来分析和鉴赏诗歌作品的方式。
大学
经常开设诗歌欣赏课程，去帮助学生更深刻的理解和欣赏诗歌。
今天我们来学习美国的诗
歌欣赏。
首先要了解美国的文学历史，让我们可以联系不同时期的不同文艺流派，以及不同文
学家点缀美国诗歌。
美国历史上有很多文艺流派，比如18世纪的自由派，中期的浪漫派，20世纪的新派等等。
每一个流派的历史影响给了美国诗歌不同的特色。
其中，20世纪的
新派诗歌是最具有裂缝感的。
而新派诗人主要有威廉·华兹华斯、霍克·莱利等，他们的
诗歌把传统的自然景象和超现实的想象融合在一起，不仅重视诗歌的美学，而且追求生活
的审美。
美国的诗歌欣赏，既要重视诗歌本身的美学，又要重视诗歌文本中包含的文化知识，
尤其是美国诗歌作家写作时可能用到的社会背景知识和生活经历知识。
所以，诗歌对于研
究美国的历史和文化非常重要。
美国的诗歌欣赏，还要重视诗句的音乐性、强度、叠句等文学技巧，因此要足够熟悉
诗歌的基本文学技巧才能更好地鉴赏诗句中的美感。
这就要求读者要对诗歌技术有很好的
把握，以及一定的文学素养。
另外，在鉴赏诗歌的时候，有必要注意作者写作背景是什么？这样才能更好地理解作品，以及其表达蕴含的意义。
最后，美国的诗歌欣赏，还要善于掌握诗歌表现的美学细节，要能和诗歌的内容建立
起有机的关系，以便找到作者的意图以及诗歌的精神内涵。
一般来说，只有充分把握、理
解诗歌中的文学技巧，及其中的文化内容才能把握诗歌的美感，从而更好地欣赏美国的诗歌。
美国文学选读诗歌赏析(可打印修改)
One’s Self I SingThis poem was published as “Inscription” in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.As the title is “One’s Self,” not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person” as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse” to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.Fire and IceDesire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice” is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, theperson who suffers from it exists, but does not live.Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,” and “great.” It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice” was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those” to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.。
美国文学__选择题__诗歌分析题 前4章
American LiteratureChapter 1 The Romantic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.A. Puritan moralityB. Human bestialityC. Noble savagesD. Divinity of man2. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo Emerson4. ’Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________.A. democratB. individualistC. romanticistD. leader6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________.A. The Naturalist PeriodB. The Modern PeriodC. The Romantic PeriodD. The Realistic Period7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature?A. The Sketch BookB. Leaves of GrassC. Leather Stocking TalesD. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8. _____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’ is famous for_________.A. Rip’s escape into a mysteriousB. The story’s German legendary source materialC. Rip’s seeki ng for happinessD. Rip’s 20-years sleep10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literar y imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. I rving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced."11. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul12. The phrase "a transparent eye-ball’ compares philosophical mentation of Emerson’s. It appears in_________.A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. The over SoulD. Essays: Second Series13. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas :Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence".A. "Self-Reliance"B. "Divinity School Address"C. "The American Scholar"D. "Nature"14. _____is the most ambivalent (有争议的) writers in the American literary history.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Walt WhitmanC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark Twain15. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity", which author of the following authors does the mention belong to________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman16. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as________.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers17. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance18. Walt Whitman is radically innovative in the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject is__________.A. free verseB. blank verseC. lyric poemD. heroic couplet19. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman?A. Lyrical and well-structuredB. Free-flowingC. Simple and rather crudeD. Conversational and casual20. " The horizon’s edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day." The two lines are taken from____________.A. "There Was a Child Went Forth" by Walt WhitmanB. "In a Station of the Metro" by Ezra PoundC. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" by Walt WhitmanD. "Ulysses" by JoyceAnswer: A (P454)21. "Moby Dick" is regarded as the first American_________.A. Prose epicB. Comic epicC. Dramatic fictionD. Poetic fictionAnswer: A (P460)22. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the great NatureD. evil of the worldAnswer: B (P461)23. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?A. "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a short story.B. "Benito Cereno" is a novella.C. The Confidence---Man has something to do with the sea and sailors.D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.Answer: C (P459---460)24. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is____, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking10. It is on his____________ that Washingt on Irving’s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America12. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ____________________.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism13. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is NOT right?A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the maincharacters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.15. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “____________________.”A. free verseB. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming21. More than five hundred poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general Skepticismabout the relationship between ______ is well-expressed.A. man and manB. men and womenC. man and natureD. men and God22. Which of the following is right about Emily Dickinson’s poems about nature?A. In them, she expressed her general affirmation about the relationship between man and nature.B. Some of them showed her disbelief that there existed a mythical bond between man and nature.C. Her poems reflected her feeling that nature is restorative to human beings.D.Many of them showed her feeling of nature’s inscrutability and indifference to the life andinterests of human beings.23. As a great innovator in American literature, Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in an unconventionalstyle which is now called free verse, that is _________.A. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsB. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeC. poetry without rhymes at the end of the lines but with a fixed beatD. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings31. Which of the following statements can be said about the works of Scott Fitzgerald, a spokesman of the “Roaring 20s”?38. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ______________.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors39. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington43. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is nota usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.44. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"46. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fameon both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_______________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman47. The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision．”TheTerm “black vision” refers to______________.A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black WallB. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes52. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereasWhitman likes to keep his eye on human Society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as_______, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death53. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the_______in the American literary history．A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature61. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the ________ century through the outbreak of ______.A. 18th, the Civil WarB. 18th, the War of IndependenceC. 19th, WWID. 19th, WWII62. _________ believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson63. In Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death, ______________.A. death is personified as a devilB. death is described as the tragic end of a person’s lifeC. death is a stage of life and it leads people to the Heaven of immortalityD. death is described as a beautiful girl who couldn’t find her final destination64. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism?A. Thoreau’s WaldenB.Emerson’s NatureC. Poe’s Poetic PrincipleD. Thoreau’s Nature65. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the NewEngland Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"66. ‘Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodimentof________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and theAmerican Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals67. ________is the author of the work “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats70. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing77. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is ____________.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking78. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-SoulAnswer: C (P402)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "T ime grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village.Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) What’s the meaning of this passage?参考答案:1) This is an excerpt from "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. (P408)2) With his wife’s dominance at home, the situation became harder and harder for Rip Van Winkle. His wife’s temper became worse and she scolded him for more often. He had to stay in the club with idle people. (P407)附:Question: Please describe the changes Rip Van Winkle experienced.Answer: 1) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irving’s works. He was a good-natured man, a henpecked (惧内的，妻管严的) husband.2) Because his wife’s shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mountain, where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing nine-pins. Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years.3) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own,; and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject ofthe King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new U.S.....2. " I celebrated myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you"Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the poem that had used when published. 2) What is the theme of this poem?参考答案:1) In the 1856, the title was "Poem of Walt Whitman, an American", then it became "Walt Whitman" in 1860, until 1881, it finally became "Song of Myself". The author is Walt Whitman. (P456--457)2) In this poem Whitman sets forth two principle beliefs:A. The theory of universality (普遍性), which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and things;B. The belief in the singularity (个别性) and equality(平等性) of all beings in value. (P457)3. "Standing on the bare ground, ----my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -----all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all."Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) Please briefly interpret this passage.3). What rhetorical device of "transparent eye-ball".4) Emerson said he want to become a transparent eye-ball, what king idea did he want to express?参考答案:1) This selection is from "Nature" by Emerson. (P427)2) In the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcendentalist pursuit and his love for nature. Emerson develops his concept of "Over-Soul" Or "Universal Mind". Last but not the leas, it affirms the divinity of the human beings. (P423)3) It used the device of metaphor. (P423) 4) He wanted to tell us: Nature can purify (净化) our quality and let us get comfort. (P243)III. Questions and answers:1. The Romantic Period was called "The American Renaissance". Discuss the background of the Romantic Period, and compare it with the Romanticism of Britain.Answer:1) The two Romanticism both stress the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature;2) They all pay attention to psychic states of the characters and exalt the individual and common man;3) American Romanticism revealed unique characteristics: (difference)<1> American authors describe their native land,, especially the spirit of the pioneering into the west, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature;<2> American writers use local dialect in language;<3> Puritanism has great influence over American Romantics;<4> Calvinism of original sin is obvious in their works;<5> Transcendentalism is very important theory in American Romanticism;<6> The important setting in American Romanticism are: ①the early puritan settlement; ②the confrontation with the Indians; ③ the frontiersmen’s life; ④ the wild west; ⑤ imagination. (P399—402)2. Analyze the themes and characteristic of Hawthorne.Answer:Hawthorne was a man with inquiring imagination, meditative mind and dark vision to life.His themes in writing are:1) Man was born with evil and sin, one source of them is over-reaching intellect, whose image was always villain; (Chllingworth e.g.)2) Hawthorne was influenced greatly by Puritanism, while he criticized it bitterly;3) He believed Calvinistic ideas, thinking man was depraved and corrupted; they should obey God for saving the spirits;4) He concerned the moral life of man and human history;5) He was keen on the description of man’s development of psychology. (P432—433)3. Explain the theory of Transcendentalism, then list its important author and works.Answer:Transcendentalism is a very important theory in American Romanticism, its main ideas are:1) Man has the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or the ability of getting knowledge transcending the senses;2) Nature is ennobling and individual is divine, therefore, man should be self-reliant.3) Man is divine/holy and perfectible and man can trust himself to decide what is right and act accordingly; (but to Hawthorne and Melville man is a sinner);4) Universe is over-soul -a symbol of the spirit, God or the universe, there is an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal "over-soul" -unity of Nature.5) The important authors are: Emerson (The American Scholar) and Thoreau.6) "Nature", Emerson’s works, is called the unofficial manifesto fo r the club. (P421—P422)4. Hawthorne was a master in using symbol and allegory; cite some example to analyze it.Answer:1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes an Everyman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world.2) In the angle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest" symbols the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown’s strength is not enough at all; then after returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the social evilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety. (P434—435)5. Washington Irving was called "Father of the American short stories" and "the American Goldsmith". What characteristics did he have?Answer:1) He was nostalgic author, and he always juxtaposing the Old and the New world;2) He remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past, and he prefer the past to present, prefer a dream-like world to a real one;3) His stories were always from legend, especially German legends, showing best classic style. (P405—406)6. Sea adventure s are Melville’s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is alsonoted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail.Answer:1) About the sea adventure: it symbols the voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe; a spirit exploration into man’s deep reality and psychology;2) About the boat; it symbols the society, and the crew symbol all kinds of people with different social and ethnic ideas;3) About the white whale: To the author, it symbols nature, it is a complex, unfathomable and beautiful; To the captain Ahab, it is evilness, is a wall. So he will lead all his crew to cut through the wall to dig out all the unknown, mysterious things behind it. To the narrator, Ishmael, it is a mystery. (P460—461)7. Walt Whitman is a unique poet. Can you explain what make him unique?Answer:1) His themes are: Democracy; the Revolutionary War and the Civil War; freedom; openness; brotherhood; individualism; the growth of industry and the wealth of the cities; universality.2) His styles are special: "free verse"; "catalogue"; simple and even crude language. (P448-551)PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATUREChapter 2 The Realistic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Emily Dickinson was sometimes curious about the feeling of speech of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the______of death, the title of the poem is "I heard a Fly buzz when I died".A. momentB. sufferingC. happinessD. meaningAnswer: A (P518)2. Theodore Dreiser belonged to the school of literary ______which emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. naturalismB. realismC. determinismD. humanismAnswer: A (P524)3. More than five hundred poems that Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general _____about the relationship between man and nature is well expressed.A. skepticismB. eulogyC. happinessD. denialAnswer: A (P518)4. "This is my letter to the World" is a poem expressing Emily Dickinson’s _____about her communication with the outside world.A. happinessB. angerC. AnxietyD. sorrowAnswer: C (P520)5. Though secluded herself in her own house, Emily Dickinson was never really indifferent of the outside world, as could be seen in her poems such as "I like to see it lap the Miles", which describes a(n) ______, an embodiment of modern civilization.A. snakeB. animalC. the roadD. trainAnswer: D (P521)6. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_____, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also RisesAnswer: C (P479---480)7. Winterbourne is used as a ______in Henry James’s "Daisy Miller".A. ProtagonistB. Narrator of the eventsC. A character of central consciousnessD. PersonaAnswer: C (P499)8. Emily Dickinson’s verse is most aptly characterized as ___________.A. exposing the evils of the societyB. paving the way for the following generation of free verse poetsC. sharing the same poetic conventions as Walt WhitmanD. exhibiting sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of experience, such as love, death, immortality and etc.Answer: D (P518)9. The author of "The Portrait of a Lady" is best at_______.A. probing into the unsearched secret part of human lifeB. a truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women.C. a dramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on an international sceneD. disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War.Answer: C (P496)10. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____________.A. the Age of RealismB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RomanticismD. the Age of Colonicalism Answer: A (P471)18. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of poetic expression of Emily Dickinson’s?A. War and peaceB. Love and marriageC. Life and deathD. ReligionAnswer: A (P517)3. "We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess---in the Ring---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain----We passed the Setting Sun---”Questions:1) Please identify the poem and the poet;2) What does "the School, the Fields of Gazing Grain and the Setting Sun" stands for?Answers:1) The lines are from "Because I could not stop fro Death", Emily Dickinson. (P523)2) It stands for three stages of life: the School----youth;the Fields of Gazing Grain----mature period;the Setting Sun------end of life. (P523)4. "The Eyes around---had wrung them dry---And breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset----when the KingBe witnessed---in the Room----"Questions:1) What is the meaning of the first line? 2) What does "the King" refer to? 3) What idea does the poem fromwhich this stanza is taken express?Answers:1) It means the relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more. (P521)2) "The King" refers to the God of death. (P521) 3) The poem expresses that the author even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown. (P518)6. Please analyze the characteristics of Emily Dickinso n’s poems.Answer:1) Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature. (theme)2) Her masterpiece -----"I heard a Fly buzz---when I died", she looked at death from the point of view of both the living and the dying. She even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown.3) The style of Dickinson:A: A particular stress pattern: dash“-------”B: Capital letters as a means of emphasis;C: Language: brief, direct, and plain;D: Poem: short, always on single image or symbol (e.g. "I like to see it lap the miles"---------describe a train in the personification of the literary device)E: Her poems tend to be personal and meditative (e.g. “Because I could not stop for Death”).(P517---519)。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that hissong was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody!Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)I’m Nobody!Are you Nobody too?Then there’s a pair of us!Don’t tell, they’d banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody!How public—like a Frog—To tell your name the livelong JuneTo an admiring Bog!The author uses the first narration to have a secret talk with the readers. The theme of the talk is the fame burden. The author is happy that she is nobody and asked the reader not to unclose her identity. She is satisfied with her current life.The theme of the poem is that to live a peaceful life with no fame is a wise idea. The complicated society is not fit for the author.Simile :“How public—like a frog…”The author compares the public person or somebody to frogs, they have no freedom, hypocritical and have to share with others their own thingsQuestions1.Who are the “pair of us” and “they” in this poem?2.What does “an admiring bog” really mean?3.What is the theme of this poem?4.Do you want to be “nobody” or “somebody”? Explain your reasons.Ezra Pound (1885—1972)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough人群中这些面庞的闪现；人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) I ' m Nobody!I ' m Nobody! Who are you? Are you Nobody too? Then there ' s a pair of us!Don' t tell, they ' d banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody! How public — like a Frog — To tell your name the livelong June To an admiring Bog!当个大人物多么的无趣, 就像只青蛙一在漫长的六月 公开地向赞扬它的沼泽 宣扬它的大名。
The author uses the first narration to have a secret talk with the readers. Thetheme of the talk is thefame burden. The author is happy that she is nobody and asked the reader not to unclose her identity. She is satisfied with her current life.The theme of the poem is that to live a peaceful life with no fame is a wise idea. The complicated society is not fit for the author.Simile : “ How public — like a frog …”The author compares the public person or somebody to frogs, they have no freedom, hypocritical and have to share with others their own things Questions 1. Who ar e the “ pair of us ” and “ they ” in this poem? 2. What does “ an admiring bog ” really mean? 3. What is the theme of this poem? 4.Do you want to be “nobody ” or“somebody ” ? Explain your reasons.Ezra Pound (1885 — 1972)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough我是无名之辈，你是谁？ 你也是无名之辈吗？ 那我们不就是一对了！ 不要张扬一你知道，他们会赶 走我们的。
美国文学选读第三版诗歌译文编辑
惊闻遥远凯旋声
痛极而清晰。
我是无名之辈
艾米莉·狄金森
我是无名之辈，你是谁？
你，也是，无名之辈？
这就凑成一双，别声张！
你知道，他们会大肆张扬！
做个，显要人物，好不无聊！
像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——
在整个六月，把个人的姓名
聒噪——何等招摇！
庞德《地铁车站》的18种译文
1．在地铁站
人潮中这些面容的忽现；
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹更少的一条，
从此决定了我一生的道路。
梦想
兰斯顿•休斯
紧紧地抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想幻灭，
人生将是断翅的鸟儿，
再也不能飞翔。
紧紧地抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想消失，
人生犹如一片荒原，
终年雪地冰天。
思想感情是热忱，激烈的。
特点是运用比拟的手法，把梦想对人生的重要凸显出来。
含义是告诫人们，不要失去梦想，拥有梦想才能拥有明天。
湿黝枝干上片片花瓣(张错)
坛子轶事
斯蒂文斯
我曾把一只坛子放在田纳西，
它是圆形的，在一座山上。
它让那未开垦的荒野
围绕着那座小山。
那荒野向它升起，
在它周围蔓延，不再野蛮。
那坛子是圆的，立在地上，
高耸如同空气中的港口。
它拥有所有地方的主权。
那是个灰色、赤裸的坛罐。
它没有奉献出小鸟或树丛，
不象田纳西州任何别的东西。
好像月亮爬上天空。
诗应当确实等于：
不仅仅真实。
代替悲哀历史的
是空荡的门口，是一叶红枫。
代替爱情的
是芳草欠身，是日月临（D―
诗不应隐有所指，
应当直接就是。
你不是已把狄安娜拖下了马车？
美国文学赏析
Ezra Pound (埃兹拉▪庞德)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain.2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.Robert Frost(1)Fire and IceSome say the world will end in fire,有人说世界将终结于火,Some say in ice.有人说是冰。
From what I’ve tasted of desire，从我尝过的欲望之果I hold with those who favor fire.我赞同倾向于火之说。
But if it had to perish twice,但若它非得两度沉沦I think I know enough of hate.我想我对仇恨了解也够多To know that for destruction ice可以说要是去毁灭,Is also great 冰也不错,And would suffice.应该也行。
1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.2.Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here.Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment.2.Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3.Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.5 stanza，16lines，Rhyme（押韵格式）：aaba bbcb ccdc dddd翻译：Whose woods these are I think I know 我知道林子的主人是谁，His house is in the village though.虽村落是他所居之地。
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析演示文稿
• 朝阳和晚霞当初曾把你养 育，
• 让你这小小的生命来到 世上；
• 原来若乌有，就没什么可 失去，
• 因为你的死让你同先前一 样；
• 这来去之间不过是一个 钟点：
• 这就是脆弱的花享有的 天年。
第七页，总共四十五页。
1. iambic tetrameter 2. The poem is said to anticipate the nineteenth-century
• By Nature's self in white arrayed, She bade thee shun the vulgar eye, And planted here the gaurdian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; ...Thus quietly thy summer goes, ...Thy days declinging to repose.
• 这地方的古人并不如 此——
• 印第安人一朝离开世 上，
• 就再次同亲友坐在一 起，
• 重新把欢乐的宴席分 享。
第十三页，总共四十五页。
• His imaged birds, and painted bowl, And venison, for a journey dressed, Bespeak the nature of the soul, Activity, that knows no rest.
• 大自然把你打扮得一身 洁白，
• 她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目 光；
• 她布置了树阴把你护卫 起来，
• 又让潺潺的柔波淌பைடு நூலகம்你身 旁；
• 你的夏天就这样平静地消 逝，
• 这时候你日见萎蔫终将安 息。
美国诗歌赏析
美国诗歌赏析美国诗歌是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝，它不仅反映了美国社会的变迁，也展现了美国人民的精神风貌。
从早期的殖民地时期到现代，美国诗歌经历了从模仿到创新的转变，形成了独特的风格和主题。
在赏析美国诗歌时，我们可以从以下几个方面来深入理解其魅力。
首先，美国诗歌的主题多样，从自然景观到社会问题，从个人情感到国家命运，无不涉及。
例如，19世纪的诗人沃尔特·惠特曼在其代表作《草叶集》中，用自由诗的形式表达了对民主、自由和个人主义的热爱。
他的诗歌充满了对美国广阔土地和人民的赞美，同时也反映了对战争、死亡和生命的深刻思考。
其次，美国诗歌的语言风格独特，它摒弃了传统诗歌的严格韵律和格律，追求自然、直接和口语化的表达。
这种风格在20世纪的现代主义诗歌中尤为明显。
例如，罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌以其简洁、质朴的语言和深刻的寓意著称。
他的《未选择的路》通过描绘两条分叉的道路，隐喻了人生选择的重要性和不可预知性。
再者，美国诗歌的形式创新也是其魅力所在。
许多诗人尝试打破传统的诗歌结构，创造出新的诗歌形式。
例如，艾兹拉·庞德的意象派诗歌强调通过精确、生动的意象来传达情感和思想，他的《地铁车站》就是通过几个简单的意象，捕捉了现代都市生活的瞬间感受。
此外，美国诗歌还具有强烈的社会批判性。
许多诗人通过诗歌来反映社会不公和个人抗争。
例如，艾伦·金斯伯格的《嚎叫》是对20世纪50年代美国社会压抑和物质主义的强烈抗议，它以激昂的语言和强烈的情感，表达了对自由和解放的渴望。
最后，美国诗歌的多样性和包容性也是其吸引人的地方。
美国是一个移民国家，不同文化背景的诗人带来了各自的文化特色和诗歌传统，使得美国诗歌呈现出丰富多彩的面貌。
例如，非裔美国诗人兰斯顿·休斯的作品就深受非洲和黑人文化的影响，他的诗歌充满了对种族平等和社会正义的追求。
总之，美国诗歌以其独特的主题、风格、形式和社会批判性，成为了世界文学中不可或缺的一部分。
美国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分
美国⽂学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分Philip Freneau1.野⾦银花美丽的⾦银花，你粲然绽放于幽静⼀⾓。
芳菲满枝,⽆⼈垂顾，迎风起舞,⽆⼈注⽬。
游⼦从不践踏你的⽟体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。
造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸⼈的⽬光她赐予你⼀⽚绿荫葱葱她带给你⼀泓流⽔淙淙恬静的夏⽇倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，⽟殒⾹消妩媚动⼈，你却⽆法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，⼈间天堂也难免⼀⽇凋零，满⽬凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄⽩秋霜你终于消失得⽆影⽆踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇⼩的⾝躯你从尘⼟来，⼜归尘⼟去来时⼀⽆所有，去时化作尘⼟可叹⽣命苦短你终究红消⾹断Background: The short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law.Theme:the mutability of flowers and by extension the transience of human life. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings.Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.Rhyme and analysis: Form ?Four six-line stanzas ?iambic tetrameter 四⾳步抑扬格?soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong ? Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ? rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza --- “They died” --- begins with a “spondee”(two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poet’s eye, no longer a common flower.In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Nature’s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men’s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “future’s doom” of the flower --- even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not even the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flow er produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maidens head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in . The word “wild”implies herliving place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be app reciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.William Cullen Bryant（对死亡的冥想）热爱⾃然的⼈与世间万象, 有着⼼神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语⾔他⾼兴的时候，她声⾳喜悦, 微笑⾥透着⾼贵的美丽, 她潜⼊他隐秘的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明⽩她就将痛苦带⾛，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，寿⾐，棺罩,令⼈窒息的⿊暗，以及促狭的房屋使你瑟瑟发抖，并⼼⽣憎恨——去开阔的⽥野吧，去听听,⾃然的教诲，听听那从四野⾥——⼤地、河川和新鲜的空⽓中——传来的静谧⽽寂寥的声⾳——然⽽⼏天后，普照⼤地的太阳在它的⾏程⾥，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的⼤地你含泪苍⽩的形体停放之处,也不在⼤海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的⼤地要将你召回, 复归为尘⼟，消除⼈的痕迹你的个体将⾂服于此，你将永远与⾃然之中的万物共处去做⽆情的草⽊和磐⽯的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥⼟下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏橡树伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。
美国文学诗歌赏析
1. Analyze the poem “The Wild Honey Suckle”Understand the title: 1.The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flower produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume o f this passionate plant may turn a maiden’s head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in love.2. The word “wild” implies her living place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be appreciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.2. Analyze Whitman’s “Song of Myself” (Over 200 words)"Song of Myself" is all about the human experience. The human experience, here, means what men of the past, present and future have seen, touched, smelt, and heard. In this poem Whitman is explaining how all of humanity is like one living organism, and no one part is more important than the other. In section 44 of "Song of Myself" Whitman says, "We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. Births have brought us richness and variety, And other births will bring us richness and variety. I do not call one greater and one smaller, That which fills its period and place is equal to any." It is clear that Whitman had a perspective of the human race and its history that escaped most writers. More specifically, Whitman speaks of equal contribution to the human experience in section 42: "Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment receiving, A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. This is the city and I am one of the citizens, Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, newspapers, schools, The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate. 3. Emily’s “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” (Over 300 words)The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a comparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: "School, where Children strove" --childhood; "Fields of Gazing Grain"--maturity; and "Setting Sun"--old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the protagonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting nearer and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinson’s poems just explain this kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.4. Appreciate the poem “In a Station of the Metro”.The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a poem ofthis sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself, or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition” with visual beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’ technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition” is considered crucial as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’. What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect image in written form.It is also worth noting that the number of words in the poem (fourteen) is the same as the number of lines in a sonnet. The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet.5. Appreciate the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snow Evening”.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” like many of Frost's poems, explores the theme of the individual caught between nature and civilization. The speaker's location on the border between civilization and wilderness echoes a common theme throughout American literature. The speaker is drawn to the beauty and allure of the woods, which represent nature, but has obligations—“promises to keep”—which draw him away from nature and back to society and the world of men. The speaker is thus faced with a choice of whether to give in to the allure of nature, or remain in the realm of society. Some critics have interpreted the poem as a meditation on death—the woods represent the allure of death, perhaps suicide, which the speaker resists in order to return to the mundane tasks which order daily life.6. Analyze the poem “The Road Not Taken”.the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position.He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.In this interpretation, the final two lines:I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.are ironic : the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker's protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road "less traveled by".The sigh, widely interpreted as a sigh of regret, might also be interpreted ironically: in a 1925 letter to Cristine Yates of Dickson, Tennessee, asking about the sigh, Frost replied: "It was my rather private jest at the expense of those who might think I would yet live to be sorry for the way I had taken in life."7. Analyze the poem “Anecdote of the Jar”.This famous, much-anthologized poem succinctly accommodates a remarkable number of different and plausible interpretations, as Jacqueline Brogan observes in a discussion of how she teaches it to her students.It can be approached from a New Critical perspective as a poem about writing poetry and making art generally. From a poststructuralist perspective the poem is concerned with temporal and linguistic disjunction, especially in the convoluted syntax of the last two lines. A feminist perspective reveals a poem concerned with male dominance over a traditionally feminized landscape.A cultural critic might find a sense of industrial imperialism. Brogan concludes: "When thedebate gets particularly intense, I introduce Roy Harvey Pearce's discovery of the Dominion canning jars (a picture of which is then passed around)."8. Analyze T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. (Over 500words)On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person or directly to the reader, while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal.Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature", while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author. Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, in which he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question". Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her, pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world. McCoy and Harlan wrote "Formany readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."As the poem uses the stream of consciousness technique, it is often difficult to determine what is meant to be interpreted literally or symbolically. In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character, representing aging and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table"(lines 2-3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black,"show his concern over aging.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
英美名诗鉴赏浅论莎士比亚的艺术特色及其十四行诗赏析
期末学期课程论文课程名称英美名诗鉴赏学号1107050127 姓名刘欣专业商务英语成绩浅论莎士比亚的艺术特色及其十四行诗赏析一．威廉·莎士比亚的文学生涯威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）是英国文艺复兴时期伟大的戏剧家和诗人。
他于1564年4月23日出生在英格兰中部沃里克郡埃文河畔的斯特拉特福镇，在那里度过了他的童年时期。
父亲是一个商人，曾任过斯特拉特福镇的镇长。
少年时代在当地文法学校接受基础教育，先后学习拉丁文、哲学和历史等。
莎士比亚自幼就接触过戏剧，不断有一些著名的剧团来他家乡巡回演出，这些演出使他对戏剧产生了浓厚的兴趣，培养了他对戏剧的爱好。
在文法学校，他经常在课下研读古罗马剧作家的作品，尝试练写诗歌。
14岁时，由于他父亲陷入债务，家道中落，莎士比亚不得不辍学谋生。
他18岁结婚。
1586年,他离开家乡, 赴伦敦谋生。
开始当过一家剧院的打杂工，在戏剧中扮演一些小角色。
在繁忙的演员生活之余,他开始从事剧本改编和创作。
在16世纪末叶，莎士比亚已经成为一位成功的作家。
他一生共创作了37部戏剧，154首十四行诗，两部抒情长诗。
他的戏剧创作可以分为三个时期。
1590年至1600年是莎士比亚戏剧创作的第一时期，莎士比亚初试创作，本时期是他的人文主义世界观的形成期，在此期间，他写了许多历史剧、喜剧和很少几部悲剧，这些剧作大都体现了人文主义思想。
主要代表作为：《查理三世》，《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《第十二夜》，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《皆大欢喜》。
1601年至1608年为莎士比亚戏剧创作的第二时期，本时期是莎士比亚创作的辉煌时期。
在此期间，莎士比亚的文艺思想变得更加成熟，他的创作艺术也达到了巅峰阶段，他创作了不朽的四大悲剧：莎士比亚《奥瑟罗》《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
1609年至1613年为莎士比亚戏剧创作的第三时期。
在此期间，他的创作基调显得深沉和忧郁，他的作品开始由悲剧转向传奇剧，这时期的主要作品有：《冬天的故事》和《暴风雨》等，其中后者具有深远意义。
诗歌分析 美国诗歌
Drawing Conclusions
After answering the questions presented in this introduction, readers should paraphrase or restate the poem in everyday words, as though talking to someone on the telephone. A summary of the poem should emphasize a pattern of details, sounds, or rhythm. For example, do various elements of the poem lead readers to believe that the poet is describing an intense experience? Is the poet defining something, such as parenthood, risking a life, curiosity,
-What is the poet’s tone? Is it satiric, serious, mock serious, playful, somber, brash, or teasingly humorous, as with Robert Frost’s “Departmental: The End of My Ant Jerry”? Does the poet admire, agree with, ridicule, or condemn the speaker, as in the touch of mock heroic in Richard Wilbur’s “The Death of a Toad”? Is there an obvious reason for the poet’s attitude, as suggested by the suffering in James Dickey’s “Angina”? Does the poet withhold judgment, as is the case with the epitaphs of Edgar Lee Masters’ Spoon River Anthology?´
解读十四诗集的第四首欣赏
解读十四诗集的第四首欣赏Unthrifty loveliness,why dost thou spend Upon thyself thy beauty's legacy?Nature's bequest gives nothing,but doth lend, And being frank,she lends to those are free. Then,beauteous niggard,why dost thou abuse The bounteous largess given thee to give? Profitless usurer,why dost thou useSo great a sum of sums yet canst not live? For having traffic with thyself alone,Thou of thyself thy sweet self dost deceive, Then how when nature calls thee to be gone: What acceptable audit canst thou leave?Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee, Which used,lives th'executor to be.挥霍的浪子，为何你将美的遗产用在己身？上天是借而非予，其慷慨只对慷慨之人。
那么，你这美丽的吝啬鬼，为何滥用别人托你转交的厚赠？又似放贷而无获者，为何用尽了重币，而终不得长存？只因你在与自己交易，宛若在迷梦中自欺。
而一旦上天召回你的生命，这交易怎经得起审听？未曾展现的美将随葬荒茔，你留下的美才被子孙继承。
解读：这首诗的艺术特点首先在于它有双重主题：一是赞美爱友的美貌，二是歌颂诗歌艺术的不朽力量。
诗人开头把爱友比成英国一年最美的季节——夏季，从而唤起读者美好的想象。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)
The Wild Honey Suckle
Philip Freneau
Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:
No roving foot shall crush thee here,
No busy hand provoke a tear.
By Nature's self in whitearrayed,
She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,
And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,
Thy days declining to repose,
Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;
They died - nor were those flowers more gay,
The flowers that did in Eden bloom;
Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's power
Shall leave no vestige of this flower.
From morning suns and evening dews
At first thy little being came:
If nothing once, you nothing lose,
For when you die you are the same;
The space between, is but an hour,
The frail duration of a flower.
1st stanza:
The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.
2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.
3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death
4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost
4. Success is counted sweetest
Success is counted sweetest
By those who ne’er succeed.
To comprehend a nectar
Requires sorest need.
Not one of all the purple Host
Who took the Flag to-day
Can tell the definition,
So clear, of victory,
As he, defeated, dying,
On whose forbidden ear
The distant strains of triumph
Burst agonized and clear!
Interpretation:
1. Only those who desire success most can tell how
sweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.
2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste the
sweetness of victory in all their life, they are those
who know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.
3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience and
her temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.
4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as a
piece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.
5. The Soul Selects Her Own Society
The Soul selects her own Society---
Then---shuts the door---
To her divine Majority---
Present no more---
Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---
At her low Gate---
Unmoved---an Emperor be kneeling
Upon her Mat---
I’ve known her---from an ample nation---
Choose One---
Then---close the Valves or her attention---
Like Stone---
1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. This
showed her resolution and determination.
2) Unmoved by any other temptation
3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and will
never be tempted by other things.
Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。