大学英语跨文化交际双语课程1

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Intercultural Communication Unit 1(2011)

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Course Overview
• • • Basic requirements for teaching: The integration of theory learning and case study is adopted in the classroom teaching. The teaching process is mainly focused on theocratic practicability, case discussion and etc. By taking this course, firstly students gain the knowledge of the basic theories of intercultural communication, then the student ‗s awareness of intercultural communication is trained, and students are required to integrate the theories with practice. By making comparison and contrast between Chinese culture and foreign ones, students may have a better understanding of foreign cultures and at the same time have a deep reflection of their own culture, which result in a further understanding of their native culture. Finally it helps to improve the student intercultural skills and the ability of inclusiveness and understanding of other cultures.

大学英语跨文化交际unit1

大学英语跨文化交际unit1A Brief IntroductionCourse: Intercultural CommunicationTextbook: Intercultural Communication in English (Revised Edition), by Xu Lisheng, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2010.Teaching aim of this term:To make students understand the relationship between language and culture to foster intercultural communication awareness and develop intercultural communicative competence and to comprehensively improve the overall capacity.Requirements for the course:before class -- prepare the lesson;during the class -- take part in the discussion and case study; take notes very carefully;after class -- finish the exercises; review what’s learned.Your final score:class presentation + class performance + term paper = 40% final examination = 60%Introduction:Intercultural Communication & Cross-cultural CommunicationUnit One Communication Across CulturesI.Warm UpPlease read the folk tale, then answer the questions:1.Why is it difficult to explain to a blind person what colors are?2.Do you sometimes find it hard to make yourself properlyunderstood by others? If you do, why do you think it is hard?II.Reading1.Read the article of “Intercultural Communication: An Introduction”and answer the questions.Supplement:What is intercultural communication (IC)? What do you know about it?1.DefinitionIC is concerned with communication among people from different cultural backgrounds.Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.2.Forms of IC(1) International Communication: International communication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals; it isquite formal and ritualized(仪式化) .(2) Interethnic Communication: Ethnic groups usually form their own communities in a country or culture. These groups share a common origin or heritage that is apt to influence family names, language, religion, values, and the like.(3) Interracial Communication: Interracial communication occurs when the sender and thereceiver exchanging messages are from different races.(4) Intracultural Communication: It is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture.3.Features(1)It is a branch of communication.(2)It mainly deals with verbal and nonverbal interaction andrelatedfactors in intercultural communication.(3)Its verbal medium is language while its nonverbal communicationsystems include body language, facial expressions, etc.2.Read the article of “The Challenge of Globalization” on page 13-16and answer the questions?Supplement: History and Present State of IC Studies(1)IC and IC studiesIC studies are rather new while IC (activities) is almost as long as our human history:(2)IC Studies in USA and ChinaIn 1950s and 1960s America, as the most powerful country, had frequent contacts with other countries. Some of these activities were successful but others were failures. Some of the Americans left a bad or even disgusting impression on the native people. Thus in 1958 The Ugly American shows the American officials in Southeast Asia. (The trigger of IC studies)In 1959 The Silent Language by American cultural anthropologist Edward Hall signified the emergence of this discipline.This course was offered in USA in late 1960s in five universities. Since 1970s it has been popular in USA with 200 universities and 60 graduated schools offering it in 1978.This course was introduced to the Chinese scholars in 1980s. According to Hu Wenzhong in 1995 there were only Beijing Foreign Studies University, Heilongjiang University, Harbin Industrial University, Shanghai Foreign Studies University and Fujian Teachers University. It is rather new in China.Homework: Read the article of “Stumbling Blocks in Intercultural Communication”. Some questions will be asked next class.3. Read the story on page 9, then discuss the question: Which do you think is the mark of beauty, thin or fat? Why is it often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder?4. Discuss the cases of communication given on page 11-12 is possibly intercultural or not and, if it is, to what extent it is intercultural.5. Read these two different views on IC mentioned on page 12, then state your point of view clearly and support your argument with convincing and substantial evidence.6. Read the story of “How We Address Each Other?” and identify the differences on addressing between Chinese people and Americans.Supplement(补充): formal situation In England , people call each other by firstname, such as between employers andemployees.in less formal settings People usually use first name, even they meetfor the first time, regardless of age and statusinformal situation first names are less likely to be usedin many officesuse of the first name among colleagues iscustomary; use the title plus last name wouldbe taken as an open declaration of dislikesomeone.Mr. / Mrs. / Miss. / Ms.the most frequentused titlesSir / Madam / Mack / Buddy / mategeneral terms ofaddressguyscollective informaltermsterms of endearment husband & wife / dear / darling / love Notes on English Titles1. In informal situations, people usually call each other by their first names.2. Mutual use of first names does not in every situation imply friendship and intimacy.3. Use of title plus last name in an informal circumstance is still avoided. It would be taken as being too cold, an open declaration of dislike.4. Children often address schoolmistresses（女教师）simply as 'Miss' without adding their surnames.5. "Sir" and "Madam" without adding their surnames are usually addressed by people like shop-assistants or air-hostesses.6. When "Sir" is used before a life peer in Britain, it is of course a title of lords. The word can be used before a person's whole name like"Sir Beatle Paul McCartney" or just with the first name alone like "Sir Paul".7. In English professional titles, the most commonly used three are Doctor(博士),Professor and Doctor(医生) that can go together with a person's name. Other titles that can be used together with a person's name are Queen (Queen Mary 玛丽女王），Prince (Prince Charles),President (PresidentClinton),Senator (Senator Fulbright议员）, Judge (Judge Harley 法官）, Father (Father White神父),General (General Patten), Colone (Colonel Quail上校)and so on.III.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全) Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.The pioneering spirit: E某cept for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.1. Traditionally, individualism, independence andcollaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.3. The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationshipsFive relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders.Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.1. According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinalrelationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships beThat is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was e某plained as\There should be affectionbetween man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.\2. What is the difference between collectivism andindividualismFirstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually e某pect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personalbenefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.E某tended family: adult couples are e某pected to formtheir ownhousehold with either of their biological families.2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they e某pect so much from marriage that so many get divorcedImpermanence: the property of not e某isting for indefinitely long durations.Stable: resistant to change of position or condition Connection vs. contract: relationship。

跨文化交际大学英语教材

跨文化交际大学英语教材Introduction:Nowadays, with the increasing globalization and internationalization, the importance of cross-cultural communication skills in English language learning cannot be overstated. In order to overcome cultural differences and effectively communicate in diverse settings, it is crucial for students to have access to a comprehensive and well-designed cross-cultural communication textbook in their university English curriculum. This article will explore the key components and features that should be included in a cross-cultural communication university English textbook.Section 1: Understanding Cultural DifferencesIn this section, the textbook should provide a solid foundation for students to comprehend the concept of cross-cultural communication and the significance of cultural differences. It should cover topics such as cultural dimensions, values, and norms, as well as the impact of culture on communication styles and practices. Additionally, this section should incorporate real-life examples and case studies to help students gain a deeper understanding of different cultural perspectives.Section 2: Effective Verbal CommunicationVerbal communication plays a crucial role in cross-cultural interactions. The textbook should focus on enhancing students' communication skills by providing practical tips on how to navigate through various language barriers and cultural nuances. It should cover areas such as vocabulary andidiomatic expressions, pronunciation and intonation, as well as strategies for effective listening and speaking in different cultural contexts.Section 3: Nonverbal Communication and Body LanguageNonverbal communication often conveys more meaning than words alone. Thus, the textbook should dedicate a section to teach students about the importance of nonverbal cues and body language in cross-cultural communication. It should explore cultural differences in gestures, facial expressions, personal space, and eye contact. Additionally, the textbook should provide exercises and interactive activities to help students better grasp the subtleties of nonverbal communication.Section 4: Intercultural Competence in Written CommunicationWritten communication is essential in many academic and professional contexts. Therefore, the textbook should provide guidance on how to navigate cultural differences in written communication effectively. It should cover areas such as cross-cultural business writing, academic writing in an intercultural setting, and email etiquette in different cultural contexts. The textbook should also include sample writing tasks and assignments to allow students to practice their skills.Section 5: Culture-Specific Topics and ScenariosTo further enhance students' understanding of cross-cultural communication, the textbook should include various culture-specific topics and scenarios. It should cover areas such as business communication, intercultural negotiations, social etiquette, and cultural taboos. By including real-life examples and case studies from different countries and cultures,students can gain practical insights into how to navigate complex cultural situations.Conclusion:In conclusion, a well-designed cross-cultural communication university English textbook should encompass a comprehensive framework that covers the understanding of cultural differences, effective verbal and nonverbal communication, intercultural competence in written communication, and culture-specific topics. By incorporating interactive activities, real-life examples, and practical exercises, such a textbook will provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to communicate effectively and confidently in diverse cultural settings.。

文化与跨文化交际——大学英语视听说教学课件Unit 1

A. hoop B. a kind of drink C. a wagon tire D. a kind of chocolate
Watch the video again, and figure out the answer to each of the following questions.
assign corridor headmistress
bleep
1. to give or allocate 2. long passage in a building or train,
especially with rooms on either side 3. a female headteacher 4. a short, high sound made by a
What does “Beverly Hills, 90210” imply in the context?
A. a phone number B. a mail address C. a life style D. a hot spot
Speaking and Critical Thinking
machine, especially if it is repeated
Useful words and expressions
medieval 5. related to the Middle Ages (= the
period in uropean history from about
AD 600 to AD 1500)
Listening and Speaking Tips
How do you read each of the following sentences? What do you expect them to sound like when others read or say them?

跨文化交际Unit 1课件

Verbal Communication
- Names of objects
- Cultural connotations of words
- The way people use languages
Intercultural Communication : An Introduction 3

Nonverbal Communication - gestures and postures
The Challenge of Globalization

Attitudes towards globalization: - both a fact and an opportunity; - the development of a global mind-set

Cultural diversity must be recognized and appreciated

The
A brief history of the study of ICC

1946: Foreign Service Institute was established in the US 1959: The Silent Language by Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologist, was published, marking the emergence of ICC 1966: ICC was regarded as curriculum in the US 1970: ICC was recognized as an independent area of study by the International Communication Association

跨文化交际第一课材料

Unit 1 An Introduction to Intercultural CommunicationWarm UpCase Study OneProfessor Johnson was invited to give a guest lecture at a Chinese university in the early 1990s. He could tell that the students were very attentive. They applauded warmly when the lecture came to an end. However, Professor Johnson was disappointed when no one asked any questions, even after they were encouraged to do so. In fact, most students avoided eye contact with him as he tried to communicate with them.1. 1 Culture1.1.1 A Definition of CultureIn 1993, two anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhorn examined 300 definitions of culture , and they found none of them are the same；Yet there are some fundamental properties about culture on which most people agree. Culture is the collective answer to questions as: Who am I? How should I live my life? Where do I fit in the world? In other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, and rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonality (Trenholm and Jenson, 2000)1.1.2 Characteristics of CultureDespite of the different opinion about the definition of culture, most people agree about the main characteristics of culture. Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter summarized the characteristics of culture as followings:Culture is learned.If one can’t learn from those who live before, we would not have culture. Therefore, we say learning was the most important of all the characteristics of culture. If a baby was cut off from all adult care, training. He can still instinctively eat, drink, defecate, urinate and cry. But what and when would he eat, where would he defecate and urinate, it is most likely he would do all these things randomly.But where and how can we learn culture is hard to explain. We learn our culture through interactions with other people. It’s hard to name who are the “other people”, we receive instructions from family and friends and numerous other “teachers” without knowing it.Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.For culture to exist, endure, and perpetuate, they must make sure that their crucial “message” and elements get passed on. Brislin once said “ if there are values considered central to a soc iety that have existed for many years, they must be transmitted from one generation to another” (p. 6). Keesing said, “ any break in the learning chain would lead to a culture’s disappearance” (p. 28).Culture is based on symbols. Culture is learned and passed from generation to generation, but how to learn and pass? It is our symbol-making ability enables us to learn and pass on our culture from individual to individual, group to group, and generation to generation. The portability of symbols allows people to package and store them as well as transmit them. Culture is historical as well as preservable. Each new generation might “write”Culture is subject to change. Cultures are dynamic systems that do not exist in a vacuum and therefore are subject to change. Cultures are constantly being confronted with ideas and information for “outside” sources.When we talk about culture change, we should keep two points in mind. First, cultures are highly adaptive. In history, there are a lot of examples of how cultures have been forced to changetheir course because of natural disasters, wars, and etc. Second, although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations. Barnlund clearly make this point when he writes: “The spread of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and Confucianism did not homogenize the societies they enveloped. It was usually the other way around: Societies insisted on adapting the religions to their own cultural traditions” (p.192)Culture is ethnocentric. The important tie between ethnocentrism and communication can be seen in the definition of the term “ ethnocentrism”. Summer defined it as “ the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all othe rs are scaled and rated with reference to it” (p.13) Keesing summarized the power and impact of ethnocentrism “ Nearly always the folklore of a people includes myths of origin which give priority to themselves, and place the stamp of supernatural approval upon their particular customs” (p. 45).1.1.3 Cultural SyndromesSome cultures are relatively simple, and other cultures are relatively complex. The organizing theme of the syndrome is complexity. Harry C. Triandis classified culture syndromes according to the following categories.TightnessTight cultures have many rules, norms, and ideas about what is correct behaviour in each situation; loose cultures have fewer rules and norms. In tight cultures, people can not tolerate when others do not follow the norms of the society, and may even kill those who do not behave as is expected, but in loose cultures people are tolerant of many difference from normative behaviours.Thus, conformity is high in tight cultures. Eg. In Japan, which is a tight culture, people are sometimes criticized for minor deviations from norms. Most Japanese live in fear that they will not act properly. (Iwao, 1993).Tightness is more likely in the following situations:1. The culture is relatively isolated from other cultures, so that consensus about what is proper behaviour can develop.2.The culture is more likely to be tight where people are highly interdependent.3. Tightness is more likely to occur where there is a high population density.Individualism and CollectivismIndividualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only.”Collectivism “stands for a society in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong cohesive ingroups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.”Individualistic cultures like USA and France are more self-centred and emphasize mostly on their individual goals. People from individualistic cultures tend to think only of themselves as individuals and as "I" distinctive from other people. They make just a little different between ingroup and outgroup communication . They prefer clarity in their conversations to communicate more effectively and come in general directly to the point like the Finns and Americans are doing. Vertical and Horizontal CulturesVertical cultures take hierarchy as a natural state. In this culture, people are different from each other. The people who are at the top “naturally” have more power and privileges than those atthe bottom of the hierarchy. In horizontal culture, people are basically similar, equality is a given state.Active-Passive CulturesThis way of classifying culture is from the perspective of attitude towards nature. In active cultures people try to change the nature to fit them; in passive cultures people try to change themselves to fit into the nature. (Diaz-Guerrero, 1979). The active cultures are more competitive, and emphasize self-fulfillment; in passive cultures , people are more cooperative, emphasize the experience of living, and getting along with other people are their concerns.Universalism-ParticularismUniversalism and particularism are standards that may guide behavior of persons or of whole cultures. Universalism implies that correct behavior can be defined and always applies, while particularism suggests that relationships come ahead of abstract social codes. In universalist culture people try to treat others on the basis of universal criteria regardless of who they are in sex, age, race, etc.; in particularist cultures people treat others on the basis of who the other person is.In universalist cultures, people’s focus is more on rules than on relationships; while in particulist culture, people’s focus is more on relationships than on rules. A univeralist is preparing for “rational”, while a particulist is preparing for “personal”.Take the case of trying to cross the street at the red light. In a universalist culture, you will still be frowned at even if there is no traffic. In a particularist culture, it is likely to be OK with one if it is his/her brothers or friends that violate the traffic rule. These people are not "citizens", but their "friends" or "brothers".Diffuse-SpecificThis dimension measures how far people get involved with other's life space. Take a research group as an example. In specific-oriented cultures, the project leader would segregate out the task relationship he/she has with a subordinate, and insulates this "work relationship" from other dealings. Therefore, the leader's authority only reaches where his/her work relationship with the subordinate is defined, and each area in which the two persons encounter each other is considered apart from the other. Work and life are sharply separated in specific-oriented cultures life the U.S. In diffuse cultures, however, life space and every level of personality tends to permeate ALL others. For example, a teacher would be treated by the student not only as an instructor in the classroom, but also has certain influence on the student's home life. The boss-subordinate relationship usually does not stop only in the office; the boss is likely to have a say in other aspects of his/her employee's personal life.Affective - NeutralIn relationships between people, reason and emotion both play a role. Which of these dominates will depend upon whether we are affective, that is we show our emotions, in which case we probably get an emotional response in return, or whether we are emotionally neutral in our approach. Members of cultures which are affectively neutral do not express their feelings but keep them carefully controlled and subdued. In contrast, in cultures high in affectivity, people show their feelings plainly by laughing, smiling, grimacing, scowling and gesturing; they attempt to find immediate outlets for their feelings.Neutral cultures are not necessarily cold or unfeeling, nor are they emotionally constipated or repressed. In fact, the amount of emotion we show is often the result of convention. Achievement vs. AscriptionThis dimension is about how status is accorded to people in different cultures. The contrast between an achievement culture and an ascriptive culture is not difficult to understand. Achievement means that people are judged on what they have accomplished and on their record. Ascription means that status is attributed to you by things like birth, kinship, gender, age, interpersonal connections, or educational record. The former kind of status is called achieved status and the latter ascribed status. Achieved status refers to doing; ascribed status refers to being. Take a look at the difference from another angle. Achievement-oriented societies or organizations justify their hierarchies by claiming that senior people have "achieved more." Inascription-oriented cultures, however, hierarchies are justified by "power-to-get-things-done." Here are some examples.Let's assume that you are being interviewed by your potential boss and he/she is interested in knowing more about your educational background. In an achievement culture, the first question is likely to be "What did you study?" In contrast, this question will more likely be "Where did you study?" and only if it was a lousy university or one they do not recognize will this ascriptive interviewer asks what you studied.In addition to sampling different attributes, members of different cultures give different weights to the attributes that they sample. One can identify many more syndromes.1.2 Communication1.2.1 A Definition of CommunicationAlthough communication has been written for about 25 centuries, there is still disagreement about how to define it. In 1972, Frank Dance and Karl Larson surveyed the field for definition of communication. They found 126. And we can list some.Communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.Communication… is an “effort after meaning,” a creative act initiated by man in which he seeks to discriminate and organize cues so as to orient himself in his environment and satisfy his changing needs.Speech communication is a human process through which we make sense out of the world and share that sense with others.Communication: the transmission of information, ideas, emotions, skills, etc. by the use of symbols…Communication is a process by which a source transmits a message to a receiver through some channel.Communication is a transactional process and we develop a mutually dependent relationship by exchanging symbols. First, communication is a process. And it is symbolic, continuous, systematic, irreversible, and unrepeatable.1.2.2 The Prosperities of CommunicationIn last section, communication was defined. The definition reflects how we define communication. But there are numerous ways this word communication can be defined. Dance and Larson (1976) list over 125 definitions of this term. Yet despite these different definitions, most theorists agree on the properties of communication. Neuliep (2000) provides a summary of these, along with eight definitions of communication.1. Communication is a process. “Communication theory reflects a process point of view…you cannot talk about the beginning or the end of communication…”(Berlo)2. Communication is dynamic. “Communication is a transaction among symbol users in which meanings are dynamic, changing as a function of earlier usages and of changes in perceptions and metaperceptions. Common to both meanings is the notion that communication is time-bound and irreversible.” (Bowers and Bradac)3. Communication is interactive/ transactive. “Communication occurs when two or more people interact through the exchange of messages.” (Goss)4. Communication is symbolic. “… all the symbols of the mind, together with the means of conveying them through space and preserving them in time.” (Cooley)5. Communication is intentional. “…communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which source transmits a message to a receivers with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behavior.” (Miller)6. Communication is contextual. “Communication always and inevitably occurs within some context.” (Fisher)7. Communication is ubiquitous. “…communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.” (Stevens)8. Communication is cultural. “…culture is communication…communication is culture.”(Hall)Case Study TwoMing Li is a Chinese scholar in agriculture. He had been co-operating with Hank, an American professor on a project. And Hank had been to China twice for the project. And Ming Li arranged everything for him, including accommodation, having his students accompany him whenever he needed to do something. Frequently Ming Li invited him to home or restaurants for meals. And every meal was like a feast. Hank was very grateful, but told Ming Li several time that he could take care of himself.Eventually, Ming Li went to the United States to work with Hank for a period of time. Hank picked him up at the airport and took him directly to his temporary accommodations. Saying that he would take Ming Li out for dinner some day and went back home.Ming Li did not speak much English and he felt like a stranger in U.S. and he expected more from Hank. Hank did take him out for dinner in a nice restaurant one evening and invited him to his home once. But Ming Li had to arranged everything himself from shopping to traveling. Neither Hank nor his students accompanied him. He was very disappointed and hurt by Hank, thinking Hank should at least return the favor he had done to him.In fact, Ming Li was so upset that his working relationship with Hank suffered. Hank noticed the change but did not know where the tension came from.Questions:1.What is hospitality in Chinese perspective?2.Having Ming Li’s students accompany him everywhere, does Hank feel verycomfortable?3.Was Hank not very grateful and hospitable?1.3 Intercultural Communication1.3.1 What is Intercultural Communication?According to Neuliep (2003), intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or microcultures come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols. Microcultures are groups of people that exist within the broader rules andFood.dress.music. visual arts. Drama. craftsnguagecelebrations.gamescourtesy. Contextual conversational patterns. Concept of time. Personalspace. Rules of conduct. Facial expressions. Nonverbal communication.Body language. Touching. Eye contact. Patterns of handling emotions.Notions of modesty. Concept of beauty. Courtship practices.Relationships to animals. Notions of leadship. Tempo of work. Conceptsof food. Ideals of childrearing. Theory of disease. Social interaction rate.Nature of friendships. Tone of voice. Attitudes toward elders. Concept ofcleanliness. Notions of adolescence. Patterns of group decision-making.Definition of insanity. Preference for competition or cooperation.Tolerance … and so forthSurface CultureAbove sea levelEmotional Load:relatively low guidelines of the dominant culture, but are distinct in some way: racially, linguistically, occupation, age, or sexual orientation. Often microcultural groups have histories that differ from the dominant cultural group and are subordinate in some way.Intercultural communication, like all communication, is contextual. A context is a combination of factors--- situation, setting, circumstance, the people involved, the relationship of those people, and so on. In short, context is the overall framework within which communication takes place.1.3.2 A Narrative Approach to Intercultural CommunicationThere are numerous approaches to the study of intercultural communication--- all of which have their strengths and weaknesses. Based on our own intercultural living experiences, we are convinced that the most effective and insightful approach is the narrative approach.Scholars often discuss culture in terns of an iceberg metaphor. What we see in any culture is only the tip of the iceberg. Yet, effective communication occurs only when we begin to understand what is below the water level.The Iceberg Concept of CultureLike an iceberg, nine-tenths of culture is below the surface.Another metaphor compares culture to a theatrical production. You see what is on stage, but you don ’t see all the activity backage. It is the backstage activity that enables the action on stage to be effective.We suggest a narrative approach to the study of intercultural communication. We are the stories we tell. We make sense out of others and ourselves through story. As storytellers, our values, emotions, and aesthetic considerations ground our beliefs and behaviors.A key concept in the narrative approach is the concept of narrative itself. Fisher indicated “By ‘narration’, I mean symbolic actions---- words and/or deeds--- that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create, or interpret them”(p.58), he also states it “ There is no genre, including technical communication, that is not an episode in the story of life” (p. 347).Thus, listening to a class lecture, talking with your friends, listening to a political speech or the evening news, reading a book--- all consist of your hearing and shaping narratives. If story is a universal medium, then story is the key to our understanding of others from cultures unlike our own.Because our lives are experienced through narratives, some standard for determining which stories to believe and which to disregard is essential. This standard is narrative rationality. It is different from the traditional one in which most Westerners have been trained. Traditional standards of rationality ask questions such as:1. Are the claims supported by the facts?2. Have all relevant facts been considered?3. Are the arguments internally consistent?4. Does the reasoning used conform to the tests of formal and informal logic?In contrast, narrative rationality is concerned with the principle of coherence and fidelity. Coherence refers to the internal consistency of the narrative and asks such questions as:1.Do the elements of the story flow smoothly?2.Is the story congruent with the stories that seem related to it?3.Are the characters in the story believable?Fidelity, the second principle of narrative rationality, concerns truthfulness or reliability of the story. Stories with a high degree of fidelity “ring true” to the listener. When the elements of a story “represent accurate assertions about social reality” (Fisher, 1987, p.105), they have fidelity. Fisher proposes that we assess narrative fidelity through the logic of good reasons. If a narrative possesses fidelity, it constitutes good reasons for a person to hold a certain belief or act in a certain way. The logic of good reasons enables a person to judge the worth of stories by presenting the listener with a set of values that appeal to her or act in a certain way. The logic of good reasons enables a person to judge the worth of stories by presenting the listener with a set of values that appeal to her or him and form warrants for accepting or rejecting a certain story.The logic of good reasons consists of asking two sets of questions. The first set constitutes a logic of reasons:1. Are the statements that claim to be factual in the narrative really factual?2. Have any relevant facts been omitted from the narrative or distorted in its telling?3. What are the patterns of reasoning that exist in the narrative?4. How relevant are the arguments in the story to any decision the listener may make?5. How well does the narrative address the important and significant issues of this case? Assignment:Terms: culture , Individualism and Collectivism, communication, intercultural communication, Questions:1.What are characteristic of culture?2.What are properties of communication/3.How do Harry C. Triandis clarify Cultural Syndromes4. How do you understand The Iceberg Concept of Culture。

大学英语跨文化交际chapter 1 Culture

DEFINITIONS OF ‘CULTURE’
1. Defining Culture from the Anthropological Perspective 2. Defining Culture from the Psychological Perspective 3. Defining Culture from the Sociological Perspective 4. Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective 5. Our Definition of Culture
3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In
3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In Human cannot live without culture. Culture is what the world is like for us. We take for granted the culture whe 1 Culture
Chapter Outline
The nature of culture The definition of culture The characteristics of culture Cultural identity Cultures within culture
Text A: The Nature of Culture
Think about the following similes and metaphors, how do you think culture is related to the references? 1. Culture is like an iceberg. 2. Culture is our software. 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

Unit1 passage AThe English characterToo the Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. It’s ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricketwere all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down"─in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.译文：对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。

大学英语跨文化交际课程教案CHAPTER1

Chapter 3 Culture’s Influence on PerceptionI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. understand culture’s influence on perception.2. understand the definitions of sensation and perception.3. analyze cross-cultural differences in sensation and perception.4.summarize the various barriers to accurate perception in intercultural communication.II. Contents1. Keywords(1) Sensation: It is the neurological process by which people become aware of their environment.（感觉：感觉是人们意识到周围环境的神经过程。

)(2) Perception: It is the process by which we become aware of objects, events, and especiallypeople and their behaviors through our various senses and involves higher-order cognition in the interpretation of the sensory information. (知觉：知觉是一种人们通过各种感觉来觉察事物、事件、人和人的行为的过程。

它是解释感觉信息更为高阶的认知过程。

大学英语跨文化交际 chapter one

Intercultural Communication
Chapter One Culture
Purpose of this chapter
1. Understand the definitions of culture 2. Describe the functions and characteristics of culture 3. Summarize the process of the formation of cultural identity 4. Evaluate cultural diversity
Outline
1.The nature of culture: Iceberg, Software, Water, Grammar 2.Definition: Anthropological, Psychological, Sociological, Inte rcultural 3.Characteristics: Learned, Dynamic, Pervasive, Integrated, Adapti ve
Intercultural perspective “Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.” —— Daniel Bates & Fred Plog 文化就是一个能够被某个社会的成员用来生活和彼此交流的体系；该体系包括信念、价值、习俗、行为和器皿等；它们通过学习世代相传。

跨文化交际课件第一章介绍Chapter One-An Introduction

• 11. A comparative study on Western painting/architecture and Chinese painting/architecture. 12. A Comparative study on Western clothes and Chinese clothes. 13. A Comparative study on school education in America and China. 14. A comparative study on family education in America and China. 15. A comparative study on freedom concept in America and China. 16. A comparative study on wedding customs among different countries. 17. A comparative study on Western advertising and Chinese advertising. 18. A comparative study on food culture. 19. A comparative study on wine culture. 20. A comparative study on journalism in America and China.
Warm-up Cases
Case 1 Showing Concern
• In the West: A: How are you doing now? Would you like to rest? B: No, not a bit.
Warm-up Cases

跨文化交际课程第一单元(课堂PPT)

敬请光临。 We would like to have you come.
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《笑林·寒喧》曾有一则笑话，说明汉语中 “称呼语”之复杂：
甲：你家父今年几岁？近来可安然无恙？乙：我令尊大人今年六十有二，虽是妙龄，
5
The term “multicultural” is more frequently used in two ways. In a societal sense, it indicates the coexistence of people from many different backgrounds and ethnicities, as in “multicultural societies”. In an individual sense, it characterizes persons who belong to various discourse communities, and who therefore have the linguistic resources and social strategies to affiliate and identify with many different cultures and ways of using language.
了。
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3．敬语和谦词
英语中有自己的表示尊重和礼貌的形式，但没有汉语那么多的专用敬语和谦词。因此，汉语中的 “请教”、“高见”、“光临”、“久仰”、 “拜读”、“大作”、“贵校”、“敝人”、 “拙见”、“愚见”、“寒舍”、“薄酒”、 “便饭”等等敬语和谦词，很难在英语中找到等同的表达方式，同样，英语中表示尊重、礼貌的情态范畴，如：will、would、may、might、can、 could等等，在汉语中也没有等同的表达方式。

跨文化交际答案1

D. marginalizatio C.assimila 吸大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题(一)I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are some statements in this section ・ For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement.1. In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants 移民 each year andhas referred to as a melting ・pot 大熔炉 society. This trend can reflect the theory of —A_.A. macrocultureB ・ microculture C. globalization D ・ moderniza 廿on2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. Thiscase reflects the _____ A ____ characteristic of subgroup ・A. devia nt labelB. temporalityD ・ unexaminedC ・ wanna ・be behavior3. When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culturefrom ____ B ___ perspective ・A. anthropological 人类学B. intellectual 仃才智的C. socialD. psychological 心理 4. The dialogues at the United Nations ，for example, would be termed _B __________ ・A. interracial communication B ・ interethnic communicationD. interpersonal communicationC ・ international communication5. There is a Chinese belief that "One is good in nature with different characteristics butsimilar habits ・ However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes". This belief can reflect that _____________ C ___ .B ・ Human nature is a mixture of good and A.Human nature is evil but perfectible evil C ・ Human nature is good but corruptible 容易堕落的 D. None of the above6. Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in , has adapted himself so well to American culture thathe gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called_C ______・ A. separation and segregation 隔嗟iB. integration 整合一体化 78D ・ SourceC・ Encoding9. _ A_ refers to anything that distorts 歪由］曲|解the message the source encodes.A. NoiseB. MessageC・ Source D・ Con text10.__ D_ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source hasknowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.A. Receiver B・ DecodingD. FeedbackC・ EncodingII.Terms (15 points, 3 points each)Directions: There are five terms in this section・ Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.Intercultural communicationcommanication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event・12.Culture (from intercultural communication perspective)Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.从跨文化交际角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信念、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观念的积淀，以及他们获得的物质的东西和所有物。

大学跨文化交际Unit_1_introduction

2
Course expectations/tasks
1. preview the text:looking up the new
words and expressions before class; prepare what the teacher has asked you to do 2. take an active part in class discussions and performances.
22
Fish Swimming in Water
The same is true for us. Our culture is so much a part of who we are and what the world is like for us that we do not notice it. We take it for granted.
4natureoffriendshiporderingoftimeconceptofselfpreferenceforcompetitionorcooperationbodylanguagenotionsaboutlogicandvaliditypatternsofhandlingemotionssubjectiveculture17culturaliceberg1美术文学戏剧古典音乐流行隐喻民间舞蹈饮食服饰2目光语境谈话方式社交频率面部表情1谦虚观念美的概念子女抚养标准与动物的关系2上下级关系模式罪恶的定义求爱方式工作的积极性友谊的性质对领导的看法工作节奏集体决策3整洁的概念对依赖的态度疾病理论解决问题方法地位变化看法因年龄性别阶级职业亲属关系等社会地位的称谓4朋友的意义时间观念对个人的看法对竞争和合作的偏爱肢体语言对逻辑和信度的概念控制情感的模式1谦虚观念美的概念子女抚养标准与动物的关系2上下级关系模式罪恶的定义求爱方式工作的积极性友谊的性质对领导的看法工作节奏集体决策3整洁的概念对依赖的态度疾病理论解决问题方法地位变化看法因年龄性别阶级职业亲属关系等社会地位的称谓4朋友的意义时间观念对个人的看法对竞争和合作的偏爱肢体语言对逻辑和信度的概念控制情感的模式182

Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt

CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• We learned our culture through mass media
• Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is based on symbols
• Culture is subjected to change
• Subjective elements include: values, beliefs, attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in the society.
• Basic functions of Culture: adapt to a particular ecology, and includes the knowledge that people need to have in order to function in their own social environment.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future

chapter1-1 Culture 大学英语跨文化交际教学课件

History, norms, values, beliefs about space, nature, time ‥‥
Culture is Our Software
Software + hardware = computers culture + body = humans Culture is the basic operating system that
Grammar is made up of basic patterns, so is culture.
CUSTOMS: WHITE DRESS?
Text B DEFINITIONS OF ‘CULTURE’
According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is "the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively".
grammar (rules) + words = language
culture + individuals = society
People use grammar even without awareness, people use cultural rules to behave properly also even without awareness.
Body (40min-50min)
Text A: The Nature of Culture
Culture Is Like an Iceberg
You see the portion above water, but perhaps not the important parts.

跨文化交际Unit 1(大二英语)

If you have a question to ask your foreign teacher of English, you may say goodbye to him and leave immediately after you have got the answer and expressed your gratitude. On his way to the school cinema, Li Hong saw Professor Jones walking to the cinema, too. Li said, “You’re going to see the film, aren’t you? On a cold winter day you met Professor Brinser on your way to the library. You said to him, “It’s rather cold. You’d better wear more clothes”.
ICC
Interracial Com.
Interethnic Com.
Case 1

My Japanese friend Satsuki was engaged with her American boyfriend Joe and brought him to her parents in Tokyo.
Course Objectives

get the basic information about communication and cultures and try to understand how culture influences our interaction with people of different cultural groups. raise cross-cultural awareness. get mind-prepared to predict and solve possible problems in intercultural communication. better understand and appreciate the Chinese people, Chinese language and Chinese culture.