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非谓语动词(含答案)

第二讲非谓语动词1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.3．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely (bring) your work home.4．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.5．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots，(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool)the house during the hot day.7．(2015·高考陕西卷短文改错)．..I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.8．(2014·高考陕西卷短文改错)One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.9．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A study of travelers(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.11．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without (use)electric equipment.13．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be)late for school.14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop)until we reached the next stop.15．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It took years of work(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.答案：1.permitted 2.introducing 3.to bring 4.to create ing 6.to cool7.just后加to 8.have→having9．ing13.being14．to stop15.to reduce1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)；(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表完成，要想到用过去分词形式(done)；(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等要想到用不定式形式(to do)。

2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分专题1 第2讲非谓语动词含解析

第二讲非谓语动词(对应学生用书第6页)1．(2017·江苏高考卷)Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A．having developed B．being developedC．developed D．developingA[考查非谓语动词。

句意：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

本句的主语“Many Chinese brands”与动词“develop”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语“over centuries”可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。

故答案为A。

] 2．(2016·江苏高考卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A．to hide B．hiddenC．hiding D．being hiddenB[考查非谓语动词。

句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。

句中message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

]3．(2015·江苏高考卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spendingC[考查非谓语动词。

句意：因为坐办公室的时间太长，所以工作人员一般都受健康问题的困扰。

句首用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示原因。

高中英语语法非谓语动词

非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。 ①She is always the first to come and the last to leave（. 主谓关系）她总是第一个到最后一个离开。 ②I can't think of any good advice to give her.（动宾关系）我想不出任何好的建议给她。 ③His last appeal to come and see her went unanswered. （同位关系）没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
We don't allow diving in the pool. 泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish，hope，decide， refuse， promise， pretend， manage， plan， fail， choose， would like 等。
Your father has at last decided to stop smoking. 你的父亲终于决定戒烟了。 [温馨提示] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。 I find it impossible to change her idea. 我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3. 既可跟动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语： remember ， forget， regret， stop， go on， mean， start， begin， try 等。
forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事；forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做了某事

2021年新高考英语语法突破讲义：非谓语动词

2.过去分词与现在分词的错用；
3.不定式符号to的多余或缺失；
4.to是介词还是不定式符号的误判；
5.介词后动名词的误用。
—二
明考点，攻亜雅，有效捉升F
非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
其表示的动作与句中
谓语动词的动作同时
发生或在其后发生
进行式
to be doing
X
其表示的动作与句中
谓语动词的动作同时
发生
完成式
to have done
to have bee n done
其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作
、■、八
之刖
现在分
词/动名
词
一般式
doi ng
being
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上冋时发生
完成式
（辽宁卷）This machine is very easy to operate .Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。
■名师点津
语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定
16.（2017全国卷n）But unlike her school friends, 16-year- old Sarah is not spending half-termresting（rest）.
非谓语动词是高考考查的重点，其中非谓语动词作状语、定语仍是重中之重。同时，高
考对非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语的考查增势明显。

2020年高考英语二轮复习短文改错--非谓语动词【带答案】

第二讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

故将think改为thinking。

2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。

3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。

故将protect改为protecting5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。

(完整版)高中英语非谓语动词详解

第二讲非谓语动词教学重点1, 非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别；2, 非谓语动词的各种形式和应用；3, 非谓语动词的考点解析。

一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1•谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

如：Miss Mary teaches us English .玛丽教我们英语。

（teaches是谓语动词。

）Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

（to have a talk不定式作状语）2•谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

如：Tom likes the pop music.汤姆喜欢流行音乐。

（动词用第三人称单数形式）Tom has nothing to do today.汤姆今天没有什么事要做。

（do用原形）二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

其动能和形式如下：非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。

解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。

如：To see is to believe= See ing is believ ing.②动名词作主语的句型。

如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing（也可用It is a waste of time to do）③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to de。

(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。

当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。

七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。

高考英语一轮复习语法部分专题一第二讲非谓语动词学案北师大版

第二讲非谓语动词A组单句语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 ________(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4；________(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。

答案：to find2．(2020·浙江卷7月)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词(不定式)。

句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。

此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。

答案：to change3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词中的动词ing形式。

结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。

答案：making4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth ________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。

3.3非谓语讲义2(1)

英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词也是动词的一种，非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，有着动词的其他特点，可以承担句子的其他成分。

非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

二、非谓语动词的分类动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not + (to) do 1．一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. It's nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。

2．进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。

3．完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。

不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

概念：非谓语动词是指现在分词, 过去分词、不定式三种形式，即： V-ing , V-ed , to do 。

当然它们有各自不同的变化形式非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。

它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

非谓语动词主语宾语表语后置定语宾语补足语状语 V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ to do√√√√√√非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语状语 V-ing(动名词)√ √ √ √ V-ing （现在分词） √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ √ to do√√√√ √√一．动词不定式(to do)1.变形：to doto be doingto be doneto have doneto have been donea. 明天要来的那个人是我的老师。

英语高考复习非谓语动词讲义

只说明宾语执行的一个动作，侧重整个过程或动作的经常性。
They had seen hergrow upfrom childhood.They knew her quite well.
他们从小看着她长大，很了解她。
现在分词
说明宾语执行的动作正在进行。
I heard someonecallingmy name.
我们房子后面有个大的游泳池。
三、现在分词
功能
说明
作定语
单个分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。
Thesleepingbaby is my sister's son.
那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。
表示主动、进行意义或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
The menworkinghere are all from therural areas.
2.不定式的句法功能
功能
用法
作主语
常用形式主语it代替，而将不定式置于句尾。
To learn a foreign language wellis not easy.(＝It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.)学好一门外语不容易。
作宾语
可作动词的宾语；“疑问词＋不定式”也可以作介词的宾语。
她无法想象在那样的一种地方生活。
有些动词
跟动名词、
不定式皆
可且意义
相差不大
like，hate，begin，start，prefer，continue
Ilikedplaying/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.
我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。

2017届高考英语二轮复习第1部分提升语法运用第2讲非谓语动词

第二讲非谓语动词1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British v isitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.3．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely (bring) your work home.4．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.5．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots， (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool)the house during the hot day.7．(2015·高考陕西卷短文改错)．..I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.8．(2014·高考陕西卷短文改错)One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.9．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A study of travelers(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.11．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use)electric equipment.13．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be)late for school.14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop)until we reached the next stop.15．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It took years of work(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.答案：1.permitted 2.introducing 3.to bring 4.to create ing 6.to cool 7.just后加to 8.have→having9．living 10.conducted 11.built ing 13.being14．to stop 15.to reduce1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)；(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表完成，要想到用过去分词形式(done)；(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等要想到用不定式形式(to do)。

高中英语复习第二讲非谓语动词

答案与解析：extending 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国318国道，从上海延伸至西藏樟木，全长5 000多千米，因其令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，故空处为非谓语动词，与句子的主语China's National Highway 318是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。
答案与解析：found 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
5.[2020·浙江卷]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the
第二讲非谓语动词
高考感悟真题体验 1.[2021·全国乙卷]Minimize the impact of
(visit) the place.
答案与解析：visiting 考查非谓语动词。在介词of后应接动名词(doing)作宾语。故填visiting。
2.[2021·北京卷]From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)； so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport， only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

大学英语语法第2讲-非谓语动词

非谓语动词——动名词
C. 动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时，可使用形容词的物主代词或代词的宾格。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 困扰他们的是食物不足。 18-year-old
非谓语动词——动名词
B. 动名词的完成时和被动式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。
主动形式一般时完成时 doing having done
被动形式 being done having been done
非谓语动词——动名词
B. 动名词的完成时和被动式
完成时 a.He regrets having wasted so much time when he was young. 年轻时浪费了那么多时间，他现在很后悔。 b.He apologized for not having kept his promise. 他对于没有遵守诺言表示歉意。被动式 c.He dislikes being interrupted when he is working. 他不喜欢在工作时被人打扰。 d.He didn’t mind being left at home. 他并不介意把他留在家里。
大学英语语法 Grammar
第二讲非谓语动词（非限定动词）
1
非谓语动词

概念：非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词和副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。

超详细非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词t h e N o n-F i n i t e V e r b s 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词,形式：不定式、动名词和分词现在分词和过去分词作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等.特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.4.谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.与谓语动词的关系相同点（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态 He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时 Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式（4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.谓语动词的逻辑主语 The boss ordered them to start the work.动词不定式的逻辑主语We are League members.谓语动词的主语 We being League member, the work was well done. 现在分词的逻辑主语不定式一、形式功能：动词不定式：to+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式：not + to do 以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下：（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如： I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你.He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多.We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观.He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家.The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术.The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力.He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书.3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了.I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影.He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友.二、不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败.常用句式有：1作主语：1、It+be+名词+to do.2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.①与careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wis e,wrong , careful , polite , 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词连用,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.②与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词：possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessaryIt’s necessary for you to study hard .necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的It’s foolish of him to do it .foolish 修饰逻辑主语him2作表语：放be动词后,构成表语Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅.He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了.注意：（3）作宾语：①动词+不定式.如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.it 作形式宾语下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, promise, prefer, like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , teach , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect ,choose, get等②动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语.如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语.如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.We think it important to obey the laws .不定式动词可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的.（4）作宾语补足语：①动词+宾语+不定式to doHe warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so不带to的不定式注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage,beg, permit, persuade,prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院.②表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.被动语态③ There +不定式We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里.注意：1有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider.如：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师.Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲.2在动词feel 一感,hear, listen to二听,have, let, make三让,notice, see, watch, observe, look at五看即：吾看三室两厅一感觉等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to.如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.3help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him toclean the room.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：1）He is looking for a room to live in.动状关系He has got a chance to go abroad.同位关系3主谓关系：She is always the last person to speak at the meeting . ----I’mgoing to the post office , for I have a letter to post .逻辑主语是I -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I4动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席.注意：如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词.如：I need a pen to write with . I will wirte with the pen 我需要一直钢笔写字I have a little baby to look after .I must look after the little baby 我有一个婴儿要照看He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in .What did you open it with 你用什么打开它如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live. 他无处安身.This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法.He has no money and no place to live in .I think the best way to travel by is on foot .There is no time to think about .注意：①不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动、也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗 Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西需要送吗②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿.6作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典.作目的状语：既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾 To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式.②表结果往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外：常放在never only后He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了.I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了.③表原因：常放在形容词后面They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心.④表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见.The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的.三、不定式的省略：①情态动词除ought外, ought to do②would rather, had better③感官动词和使役动词④由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个 to 可以省去.如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.⑤help⑥Why…/Why not…⑦But 和 except 前是动词 do 时,后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式.试比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.⑧通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be .如：⑨保留to省略do动词. If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做.⑩不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to：want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able toHe wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生.五、注意：1．to 作介词：agree to, object to,close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to动名词一、定义：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.二、形式：一般式 doing 谓语动词同时发生 being done Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.完成式 having done having been done 谓语动词发生之前We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.否定式：not + 动名词动名词的形式： I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会.完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.复合结构：物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.三、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：谓语用单数Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.Playing with fire is dangerous.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.结构：It’s no good/use doing.... It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.（2）作表语：动名词可以和主语调换位置.如：My hobby is collecting stamps.In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.3作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如： We found it no good making funof others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.只接V-ing做宾语的动词和动词短语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit,deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…from,keep …from, stop…from,protect…from, set about, be engag ed in, spend…in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like接动名词、不定式均可,且意义相同的动词：like, love, dilike,hate, begin, star, continue, prefer, cease, can’t bear/endure/stand接动名词、不定式均可,但意义不同的词：forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过Try to do 企图做,尽力做 try doing 试着做Go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做注意：Need, require, want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,be worth也有类似用法.如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.（4）作定语：动名词作定语,一般表示用途.如：a waiting room,a diving board,a reading room,a dining hall动名词与现在分词作定语的区别：1现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句.如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后.如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleepinga developing country =a country which is developing2动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系.如：a washing machine = a mashine for washinga swimming pool = a pool for swimmingHe can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗（5）作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.分词一、现在分词和过去分词的区别：1在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生.像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词.如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球2在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性.如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶注意：分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done.如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.=After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.二、注意：1分词作状语,其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致2分词前常有when / while / as / before/ after/ if / unless /even if 等引导词3如果过去分词的动作发生在主句谓语之前,用having been done Having been hurt in a traffic accident, I was given an operation.4分词做状语,主语之前不可有and /but / so / or/ so that 等连词如有,则此句子为祈使句Working hard, you will succeed.Working hard and you will succeed.5)否定式,在分词之前+ not6)固定搭配： be dressed in be lost in thoughts lost in thoughts, he knocked into me.7)分词的逻辑主语与主句不同,分词要有自己的逻辑主语,称为“独立主语” The money used up, I had no food to eat现在分词二、定义：既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.二、形式：肯定式：V-ing；否定式：not + 现在分词（1）主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.（2）被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.三、现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）现在分词作表语： The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.3作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着. （4）现在分词作状语：①作时间状语： While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语： If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语： He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with without +名词代词宾格+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分： udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员. Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.过去分词一、形式：只有V-ed一种形式.①规则,V-ed, ②不规则二、句法功能1．过去分词作定语：①单个过去分词做定语时用于被修饰的名词前,做前置定语 frozen food、polluted river、a terrified boyVt.过去分词作定语,表被动及完成Vi 过去分词作定语,表示完成 a married man an escape man the risen sun a fallen leafOur class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.②凡是用作定语修饰人或表示与个人相关的心理状态,用过去分词,而修饰物时,则用现在分词做定语a satisfied smile a satisfying answerTom tired at the tiring speech,started to sleep.③过去分词短语做定语时,用于被修饰的名词之后,相当于省略了which/who is/are:A book written by luxun a student called MaryThe meeting being held now is important.The meeting held yesterday was importantThe meeting to be held tomorrow is important.2．过去分词作表语： The window is broken. 窗户破了.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别： The window is broken.系表 The window was broken by the boy.被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶newly arrived goods新到的货 the risen sun升起的太阳 the changed world 变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：①做宾语补足语的动词一般是Vt,表示被动或完成With+sth./sb. DoneWith the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.With trees planted around the school, it looks nicer.②Have /get + sb/sth. Done 叫人做....Make oneself kmow/ understood/ hearted 让自己被....③see /hear/ watch / notice/ observe / listen to等构成的感官动词及 think/ find 等表示心理状态的动词 ~ sth/ sb. done1)I hear this song sung2)I found the dooe unlocked when I got home.④ want / wish / like / expect / order sth /sb. Done 希望、命令......被做I want the problem discussed at the meeting.4．过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.原因Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.时间Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.条件Though told of the danger, he s till risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.让步Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞. 方式/伴随。

(高中段)第二讲重难语法理清谓语动词与非谓语动词

分析：设空处作介词by的宾语，介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。 respond by doing sth.“通过做某事回应”。故填noting。
[典例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
looked like rain!
去掉looked或they后的were
4．The great day that all of us had been looking forward to coming at last on
September 1.
coming→came
5．I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. wear→wearing
分析 and连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat; ②填talking。
[即时强化训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The giant panda is loved (love) by people throughout the world. 2．I have read (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the
非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语的不定式、动名词和分词等的动词形式。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，没有人称和数的变化，但是有相应的时态和语态变化。
[典例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.

非谓语动词-非谓语动词

1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动词+ing构成 2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词 +ed构成。
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非谓语动词具有以下特征：
• 非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语。
• 非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。
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非谓语动词在句中充当的成分
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不定式、动名词用作主语
1.直接作主语： Seeing is believing. Smoking is not a good habit. To see is to believe. To smoke here is dangerous. 2.用it作形式主语 It’s no use talking too much without doing
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非谓语动词的否定形式
• 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.
• 不定式的否定形式：not to do • 动名词的否定形式：not doing • 现在分词的否定形式：not doing • 过去分词的否定形式：not done
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1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___A_____ after
anything. It’s no good smoking too much. It is very kind of you to say so. It’s not difficult for you to learn English grammar

非谓语动词

非谓语动词非谓语动词A. 动名词一．动名词的基本形式主动形式被动形式一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

二．动名词的基本用法：1.能用动名词作宾语的的动词：英语中有些及物动词只能接-ing 形式的宾语。

熟记这些动词对正确使用语言有很大帮助。

1）mepskarfi（妹不食咖啡）这个杜撰的单词，每个字母都代表了一个或几个单词，即：m---mind, miss，e---enjoy, escape,p---practise，s---suggest,k---keep,a---avoid（避免），appreciate, advice, admit（承认）r---risk,（冒险）,f---finish,i---imagine 等。

2）.“四大天王” 用动名词作宾语,而用不定式作宾补的动词：advise , allow,permit,encourage3）."八大金刚"remember, forget, stop, mean, try, regret, learn, go ona) remember/forget/regret +to do表示没有做的动作+doing 表示已做的动作eg. Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.I remember turning off the lights when I left the room.I forgot seeing her before but she remembered seeing me.I shall never forgot being invited to her 21st birthday party.b) stop +to do停下来做另一件事+doing停止做原来的事eg. Every half an hour my uncle would stop to have a smoke.As soon as Bob saw me, he stopped talking to his girl friend and came over.c) try+to do努力做+doing试一试做try sth on试穿try out试验eg.I have tied to make friends with him, but he seems not to care.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door or windows.d) mean+doing意思是+to do想要做e) learn to do学会做learn doing学做f) go on to do go on doing典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest答案：C。

2025版《师说》高中全程复习构想英语(北师大版)第二讲非谓语动词

答案与解析：to journey 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式作后置定语。
7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
2．分词作状语：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在
句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。 Translated into (＝When it was translated into) English, the sentence
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。 The test finished (＝When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
答案与解析：to address 考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地的人们面临“水太少或水太脏”的难题。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。