非谓语动词

非谓语动词——分词

现在分词

一、现在分词的句法作用

现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语、状语等句子成分。

（一）作定语

作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如：

a. China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。

b. The crying child disturbed him. 哭闹的孩子使他心烦意乱。

c. The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。

d. All the people eating in the restaurant were tourists.

所有正在这个餐馆吃饭的人都是旅游者。

注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先后发生，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

值得一说的是，现在分词的被动式一般不能作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应注意。

如：

We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

（二）作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。如：

a. The story sounds very moving. 那故事听起来很感人。

b. The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。

有些做定语和表语的现在分词实际上已经被看作形容词，常见的有：exciting , interesting, disappointing , discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming , shocking, inviting等。这些现在分词常可用very修饰。

(三) 作宾语补足语

1．在表示感觉或心理状态的动词如see, hear, watch, notice, feel, smell, find ,listen to look at, observe 等后面作宾语补足语。如：

a. I saw people coming and going. 我看见人们来来往往，

b. We heard her laughing just now. 我们刚才听见她放声大笑。

在表示使役的动词，如set , keep, start, get , have 等后面作宾语补足语。如：

a. They kept me waiting for a long time.他们让我等了好久。

2．在think of, speak of, see ,show, regard, accept, take, understand, describe, treat等动词后，由as引出现在分词做宾语补足语。如：

a. I always thought of him as being a good student.我始终认为他是个好学生。

b. Please do not understand me as having lost hope.请不要以为我失去了希望。

c. The teacher described his students as promising.老师把他的学生说成是很有希望的。

d. They knew her very well,. They had seen her ___up from childhood.

A. grow

B. grew

C. was growing

D. to grow

（四）作主语补语

当先在分词作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，分词就变成了主语补足语。如：

a. One student was caught cheating in the exam.有一考生考试作弊时被抓住。

b. She was never heard singing that song again.人们在也没听到她唱这首歌。

c. The missing boys were last seen __near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

（五）作状语

现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式等意义。这时，现在分词相当与一个状语从句。如；

1．表示时间：

a. Crossing the road , he was run over by a car. 他在穿马路时，被一轿车从身边辗过。

b. Having done their homework, the students left the classroom.

学生们做完后便离开了教室。

c. ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean.(NMET2000)

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

2．表示原因：

a. Not knowing English, he couldn’t unders tand the film.

由于不懂英语，他看不懂这部电影。

b. Having lived in Shanghai many years, he knows the place very well.

他多年住在上海，所以熟悉这个地方。

c. ___in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET95)

A.Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

3．表示条件：

a. Working hard, you will do well in your exams.

你如果努力学习，就会在考试中取得好成绩。

b. Turning to the left, you will see the post office.

向左转，你就会看见邮局。

4．表示结果：

a. His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.

他的父母在战中死了，他成了孤儿。

b. It snowed heavily last night, thus causing the traffic problems today.

昨夜下了大雪，以致引起了今天的交通问题。

c. European football is played in 80 countries ,____it the most popular sport in the

world.(NMET98)

A.making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

5．表示让步：

a. Weighing almost one hundred Jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.

那箱子将近100斤重，但还是被他一直手拎了起来。

6．表示方式或伴随状况；

a. The six blind men stood all day long by the road side ,begging for money.

这六个盲人终日站在马路边乞讨。

b. He went out, slamming the door.

他走出去，砰的一声把门带上。

c. They secretary worked late into the night ,_____a long speech for the president

A.to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

d. She’s upstairs ___letters.

A.writes

B. is writing

C. write

D. writing

e. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____to the notice.

A.angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

f. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_____

that he had enjoyed his stay here.